scholarly journals Teacher labor markets, school vouchers, and student cognitive achievement: Evidence from Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela M. Tincani
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
School Vouchers ◽  
Teacher Skills ◽  
Teacher Labor Markets ◽  
Teacher Wages ◽  
The Impact

I use administrative and survey data from Chile and a structural model to evaluate teacher policies in a market‐based school system. The model accommodates equilibrium effects on parental sorting across school sectors (public or private), on the self‐selection of individuals into teaching and across school sectors, and on teacher wages in private schools. I use the estimated model to simulate a reform that is planned to be implemented in Chile in 2023. Tying public school teacher wages to teacher skills and introducing minimum competency requirements for teaching is predicted to increase student test scores by 0.30 standard deviations and decrease the achievement gap between the poorest and richest 25% of students by a third. These impacts are ten times as large as the impact of a flat wage increase in public schools, and over twice as large as the impact of only introducing minimum competency requirements. The key driver of policy outcomes is an improvement in the pool of teachers, amplified by equilibrium effects on teacher wages in private schools. The equilibrium effects are large, accounting for 70% of estimated policy impacts.

scholarly journals Private Schools and Residential Choices: Accessibility, Mobility, and Welfare

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Hanushek ◽  
Sinan Sarpça ◽  
Kuzey Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
School Vouchers ◽  
Locational Choice ◽  
Residential Location Decisions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Private schools free households from a strict link between residential location decisions and the tax-school quality bundles they consume. In order to study the impact of private schools on educational outcomes, we develop a general equilibrium model that simultaneously incorporates locational choice built on access and locational choice built on tax-school quality attributes of jurisdictions. We conclude that private school choice enhances the welfare of all households—both those attending private schools and those attending public schools—while also working to reduce the amount of housing and school segregation in equilibrium. Investigation of alternative school policies indicates that greater choice, including using targeted school vouchers, can improve welfare and achievement. Finally, we demonstrate how the fiscal burden arising from some households paying less taxes than they consume in public services varies significantly with the structure of school choice options.

The Impact of Targeted School Vouchers on Racial Stratification in Louisiana Schools

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Egalite ◽  
Jonathan N. Mills ◽  
Patrick J. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Vouchers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Scholarship Program ◽  
The Impact

The question of how school choice programs affect the racial stratification of schools is highly salient in the field of education policy. We use a student-level panel data set to analyze the impacts of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) on racial stratification in public and private schools. This targeted school voucher program provides funding for low-income, mostly minority students in the lowest-graded public schools to enroll in participating private schools. Our analysis indicates that the vast majority (82%) of LSP transfers have reduced racial stratification in the voucher students’ former public schools. LSP transfers have marginally increased stratification in the participating private schools, however, where just 45% of transfers reduce racial stratification. In those school districts under federal desegregation orders, voucher transfers result in a large reduction in traditional public schools’ racial stratification levels and have no discernible impact on private schools. The results of this analysis provide reliable empirical evidence on whether or not parental choice harms desegregation efforts in Louisiana.

A NOTE ON THE IMPACT OF VOUCHER PROGRAMS WHEN THERE ARE NONLINEAR PEER GROUP EFFECTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUNG-JU CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Voucher Programs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Effects ◽  
Peer Group Effects

This study constructs a dynamic model of the coexistence of public and private schools to study the impact of voucher programs when there are nonlinear peer group effects. The government provides public schools as well as tuition vouchers for households attending private schools. School quality depends on expenditure per student and peer quality within the school. When peer quality is nonlinear, more agents will choose public schools if peer quality is more substitutable, whereas more agents will attend private schools if peer quality is more complementary. We find that vouchers will typically create a “cream skimming” effect and the impact of voucher programs on economic performance is sensitive to the way in which peer interactions affect school quality.

scholarly journals Personnel Management and School Productivity: Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Lemos ◽  
Karthik Muralidharan ◽  
Daniela Scur
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Teacher Pay ◽  
Management Quality

This paper uses new data to study school management and productivity in India. We report four main results. First, management quality in public schools is low, and ~2σ below high-income countries with comparable data. Second, private schools have higher management quality, driven by much stronger people management. Third, people management quality is correlated with both independent measures of teaching practice, as well as school productivity measured by student value added. Fourth, private school teacher pay is positively correlated with teacher effectiveness, and better managed private schools are more likely to retain more effective teachers. Neither pattern is seen in public schools.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical training of last year medical students in Mexico: a cross-sectional nationwide study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Servin-Rojas ◽  
Antonio Olivas-Martinez ◽  
Michelle Dithurbide-Hernandez ◽  
Julio Chavez-Vela ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Clinical Instruction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented changes to medical education. However, no data are available regarding the impact the pandemic may have on medical training in Mexico. The aim of our study was to evaluate and identify the medical school students’ perceptions of the changes in their clinical training due to the pandemic in Mexico. Methods This was a cross-sectional study where a previous validated online survey was translated and adapted by medical education experts and applied to senior medical students from March to April of 2021. The 16-item questionnaire was distributed online combining dichotomous, multiple-choice, and 5-point Likert response scale questions. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the student’s perceptions between public and private schools. Results A total of 671 responses were included in the study period. Most participants were from public schools (81%) and female (61%). Almost every respondent (94%) indicated it was necessary to obtain COVID-19 education, yet only half (54%) received such training. Students in private schools were less likely to have their clinical instruction canceled (53% vs. 77%, p = 0.001) and more likely to have access to virtual instruction (46% vs. 22%, p = 0.001) when compared to students from public schools. Four out of every five students considered their training inferior to that of previous generations, and most students (82%) would consider repeating their final year of clinical training. Conclusions The impact of the COVID-19 on medical education in Mexico has been significant. Most final-year medical students have been affected by the cancellation of their in-person clinical instruction, for which the majority would consider repeating their final year of training. Efforts to counterbalance this lack of clinical experience with virtual or simulation instruction are needed.

scholarly journals Dental caries among preschool children: effects of social inequality and the impact of a university extension project

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Esperendi BASTIANINI ◽  
David Jonathan Rodrigues GUSMAN ◽  
Leonardo Queiroz TELLES ◽  
Luciana Reichert da Silva ASSUNÇÃO ◽  
Juliane Avansini MARSICANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Preventive Care ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of dental caries among preschoolers at public and private schools and to evaluate the associations among the prevalence of the disease, socioeconomic factors, and the impact of a university extension project. Methods Five-year-old preschool children were examined and were divided into three groups: children from private schools who were not receiving regular preventive care (group 1), children from public schools who were not receiving regular preventive care (group 2), children from public schools who were receiving preventive care through a university extension project (group 3). The children were examined for decay-missing-filled index, and their caregivers were interviewed to collect data on socioeconomic factors. Fisher’s and Chi-squared tests were used to analyze the data. Results Group 1 showed better socioeconomic and oral conditions compared with groups 2 and 3. Parents’/guardians’ level of education was associated with the presence of disease in their children; however, income showed no association. Conclusion Dental caries were more prevalent in the group with worse socioeconomic indicators, and although the university extension project had been implemented in one of the groups, it was not able to overcome health inequalities.

scholarly journals The Aggregate Effect of School Choice: Evidence from a Two-Stage Experiment in India *

2015 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Muralidharan ◽  
Venkatesh Sundararaman
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
School Students ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We present experimental evidence on the impact of a school choice program in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh that provided students with a voucher to finance attending a private school of their choice. The study design featured a unique two-stage lottery-based allocation of vouchers that created both student-level and market-level experiments, which allows us to study the individual and the aggregate effects of school choice (including spillovers). After two and four years of the program, we find no difference between test scores of lottery winners and losers on Telugu (native language), math, English, and science/social studies, suggesting that the large cross-sectional differences in test scores across public and private schools mostly reflect omitted variables. However, private schools also teach Hindi, which is not taught by the public schools, and lottery winners have much higher test scores in Hindi. Furthermore, the mean cost per student in the private schools in our sample was less than a third of the cost in public schools. Thus, private schools in this setting deliver slightly better test score gains than their public counterparts (better on Hindi and same in other subjects), and do so at a substantially lower cost per student. Finally, we find no evidence of spillovers on public school students who do not apply for the voucher, or on private school students, suggesting that the positive effects on voucher winners did not come at the expense of other students.

scholarly journals Multiple choice: How public school leaders in New Orleans's saturated market view private school competitors

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huriya Jabbar ◽  
Dongmei Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Public School ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
School Competition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public School Choice ◽  
The Impact

School choice policies, such as charter schools and vouchers, are in part designed to induce competition between schools. While several studies have examined the impact of private school competition on public schools, few studies have explored school leaders’ perceptions of private school competitors. This study examines the extent to which public school leaders in New Orleans, which already has a robust public school choice system, perceived competition with private schools, and the characteristics that predicted competition between the two types of schools. We find that while over half of principals reported competing with private schools for students, there was a wide range of the number and percentage of possible competitors reported. Furthermore, the results suggest that school voucher policies did not play a major role in influencing why schools competed with private schools. In addition, public school leaders who did lose students to private schools through the voucher program reported that they often recouped those losses, when parents returned to public schools unsatisfied or facing additional unexpected costs. 

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Sudanese EFL Teachers’ Teaching Performance at Public Schools Comparing to Their Performance at Private Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Amir Abdalla Minalla Alameen
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Efl Teachers

<p><em>Teachers’ performance is a fundamental concern of all educational institutions and is negatively influenced by different dissatisfactions such as financial status and learning environments that impact on institutional productivity. Sudanese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers of Governmental schools that simultaneously work in public and private schools have a different performances. The performance of these teachers in private schools is usually estimated adequate and of very good quality comparing to their performance in public schools where their performance is rated as less than expected or even inadequate. This study is based on a non-systematic narrative overview and the practical experience of the researcher who has been a secondary school teacher, university English language lecturer and teacher trainer and supervisor for secondary English language teachers in Sudan. Moreover, the study describes and reflects on the male teachers’ condition during the year 2018 in Khartoum, Sudan. Results of the analysis suggest that performance variation of EFL teachers in public and private schools in favour of private schools is influenced by poor financial status of teachers as well as inappropriate teaching/learning environments. </em></p>

scholarly journals Proliferation of Multi-Cultures Through Globalization: Is It Promoting the Indigenous Culture or Global Culture?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ayesha Saddiqa ◽  
Maria Isabel Maldonado Garcia ◽  
Nadir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study was to highlight the impact of multicultural proliferation through globalization on the adolescents of Lahore, Pakistan. A way to measure part of the impact is to have an understanding of how they have internalized foreign holidays and/or festivals which belong to other cultures. The data were collected from 200 male and female participants, of ages 13 to 19 years. The sample was subdivided into two groups of 100 participants each based on their parents&rsquo; income level and the type of their institution (public or private). The medium of instruction in the private institutions of Lahore is English. English is, clearly, the language of globalization. In this regard, the hypothesis is that those students who study in private schools are more affected than those who study in public schools and whose medium of instruction is Urdu. A survey design was used to collect data regarding their perceptions about foreign cultural and religious festivals such as &ldquo;Christmas&rdquo;, &ldquo;Holi&rdquo;, &ldquo;Valentine&rsquo;s Day&rdquo;, etc. Hamelink&rsquo;s Cultural synchronization theory provided the theoretical lens to the study. The analysis procedure was based on content analysis. The findings reveal a vivid difference between the perceptions of both groups. The adolescents who belong to the lower socio-economic status (who attend public schools) do not favour the celebration of foreign festivals. However, a tendency towards celebrating &ldquo;Black Friday&rdquo;, &ldquo;Valentine&rsquo;s Day&rdquo; and &ldquo;Basant&rdquo; has been noticed. On the other hand, the adolescents of higher socio-economic background (who attend private schools) look forward to celebrating these festivals and perceive their celebration does not harm their cultural values. Even if this effect is partially due to globalization, the speedy influence on one stratum of the young generation of Pakistan may lead to a rapid assimilation to the global culture in the forthcoming times and also an opposition to the other strata. The study suggests a national media campaign as well as an institutional policy with an emphasis on indigenous cultural, social and religious values. There is a need to be more tolerant towards &ldquo;others&rdquo;, and know how to co-exist but at the same time be able to retain the elements of the home culture of Pakistan, rather than adopting foreign practices.

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