scholarly journals Efficient and Incentive‐Compatible Liver Exchange

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-1005
Author(s):  
Haluk Ergin ◽  
Tayfun Sönmez ◽  
M. Utku Ünver
Keyword(s):  
Partial Order ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Pareto Efficient ◽  
Incentive Compatible Mechanism

Liver exchange has been practiced in small numbers, mainly to overcome blood‐type incompatibility between patients and their living donors. A donor can donate either his smaller left lobe or the larger right lobe, although the former option is safer. Despite its elevated risk, right‐lobe transplantation is often utilized due to size‐compatibility requirement with the patient. We model liver exchange as a market‐design problem, focusing on logistically simpler two‐way exchanges, and introduce an individually rational, Pareto‐efficient, and incentive‐compatible mechanism. Construction of this mechanism requires novel technical tools regarding bilateral exchanges under partial‐order‐induced preferences. Through simulations we show that not only can liver exchange increase the number of transplants by more than 30%, it can also increase the share of the safer left‐lobe transplants.

scholarly journals Pareto Efficient Auctions with Interest Rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1989-1995
Author(s):  
Gagan Goel ◽  
Vahab Mirrokni ◽  
Renato Paes Leme
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Incentive Compatible ◽  
Pareto Efficient ◽  
Available Resources

We consider auction settings in which agents have limited access to monetary resources but are able to make payments larger than their available resources by taking loans with a certain interest rate. This setting is a strict generalization of budget constrained utility functions (which corresponds to infinite interest rates). Our main result is an incentive compatible and Pareto-efficient auction for a divisible multi-unit setting with 2 players who are able to borrow money with the same interest rate. The auction is an ascending price clock auction that bears some similarities to the clinching auction but at the same time is a considerable departure from this framework: allocated goods can be de-allocated in future and given to other agents and prices for previously allocated goods can be raised.

scholarly journals Thyroid Carcinoma on the Side of the Absent Lobe in a Patient with Thyroid Hemiagenesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hiroki Sato ◽  
Kiyoaki Tsukahara ◽  
Ray Motohashi ◽  
Midori Wakiya ◽  
Hiromi Serizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Thyroid Hemiagenesis ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Node Metastases ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right

Background. Thyroid carcinoma complicated by hemiagenesis is very rare, and previous reports have not described this cancer on the side of the absent lobe. Methods and Results. We report the case of a 64-year-old woman in whom left thyroid hemiagenesis was discovered incidentally during investigations of abnormal sensation during swallowing. A tumorous 1.4 cm lesion was also found on the side of the absent lobe, left of the isthmus. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed class V papillary carcinoma, but no lymph node metastases. Total thyroidectomy was performed for stage cT1bN0M0 carcinoma. Histopathology revealed normal thyroid tissues in the right lobe and isthmus, while the left lobe was absent. The mostly papillary carcinoma was adjacent to the truncated thyroid tissue, with a portion histologically consistent with poorly differentiated carcinoma. Conclusions. All previously reported cases of thyroid cancer complicated by hemiagenesis have represented carcinoma occurring within the present lobe. This case is extremely rare.

scholarly journals Pulmonary hydatidosis genotypes isolates from human clinical surgery based on sequencing of mitochondrial genes in Fars, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Mardani ◽  
Ali Talebi Ezabadi ◽  
Bahareh Sedaghat ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst

Abstract Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is an important neglected parasitic zoonotic disease caused by the metacestode of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. The present study was designed to identify the pulmonary CE species/genotypes in isolated human underwent to surgery in our center in Southern Iran. Methods The study population of this study were all patients in Fars province who were admitted to Namazi Hospitals for pulmonary hydatid cyst surgery. Thoracic surgery was performed in the thoracic ward and the cyst/s was removed by open surgery via posterolateral or lateral thoracotomy. DNA was extracted from the germinal layer or the protoscoleces. PCR technique was performed using the cytochrome C oxidase subunit1 (cox1) gene, and the products were sequenced. Results A total of 32 pulmonary hydatid cyst samples were collected from 9 (28%) female and 23 (72%) male aged from 4 to 74 years old. A total of 18(56%) cyst/s were in the left lobe and 14 (44%) cysts in the right lobe. Sequence analysis of the cysts showed that 24 samples (75%) were E. granulosus s.s (G1-G3) genotype and 8 (25%) were E. canadensis (G6/G7) genotype. Conclusion E.granulosus s.s genotype was the most prevalent genotype followed by E. canadensis (G6/G7) genotype. There was no significant statistical correlation between cysts’ size, location, genotype strain, and patients’ age and gender.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment Of The Variations In Thyroid Dimensions In Relation To Increase In Serum TSH In Euthyroids

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Mahrukh Kamran ◽  
Sahar Mubeen ◽  
Iffat Raza ◽  
Sanobar Bughio ◽  
Hira Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objectives: To determine the effect of serum TSH on thyroid dimensions of each lobe and to measure the amount of effect of per unit increase in serum TSH on thyroid dimensions of each lobe in euthyroids. Study Design: It was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi. Methodology: Healthy participants aged 21 years and above were included through convenient sampling. Serum Thyroid stimulating hormone was evaluated and ultrasound of thyroid gland TG of 192 euthyroid participants was performed. Spearman correlation and regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between TSH and TG dimensions Results: Relationship of increase in serum TSH with decrease in light lobe AP dimension was most significant. (r= -0.142 P-Value=0.001) and CC dimension least significant (r= -0.0098 P-Value=0.001). Where as in the left lobe AP dimension decreases significantly with increase serum TSH (r= -0.147 P-value=0.001). 11.7% of total variation in AP dimension, 3.5% of total variation in ML dimension and 6.5% of total variation in CC dimension in right lobe thyroid are because of serum TSH. While 9.5% of the total variation in AP dimension in left lobe is also due to serum TSH. Conclusion: Negative and significant correlation between serum TSH and thyroid dimensions was observed. Serum TSH inversely and significantly affects all the dimensions of the right lobe and only one dimension in the left lobe

Absceso hepático piógeno en pediatría: serie de casos

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
José F Sotillo-Lindo ◽  
Bustamante Bustamante ◽  
Magda Rojas ◽  
Kathia Luciani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Pyogenic Liver Abscess ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Right Lobe

El absceso hepático es un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. Es una patología poco frecuente en la niñez que predomina en países en desarrollo y se asocia a malnutrición y parasitosis. El absceso hepático piógeno es el más frecuente, es una causa de hospitalización prolongada por el requerimiento de antimicrobianos endovenosos; usualmente con baja mortalidad.A continuación, presentamos una serie de cuatro casos clínicos de pacientes con abscesos hepáticos piógenos que fueron manejados entre el 2016 y 2018 en el Hospital de Especialidades Pediátricas.Tres pacientes fueron del sexo femenino y uno masculino. En dos de los pacientes se identi có factor predisponente: diabetes mellitus e infección avanzada por VIH. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron ebre (100%), dolor abdominal (100%) y hepatomegalia (50%). En ninguno de los casos se sospechó absceso hepático a su ingreso. Los casos fueron diagnosticados por sonograma hepático y corroborados con tomografía abdominal. El tamaño promedio de las lesiones fue de 6.88 x 6.18 x 6.12 cm. Tres fueron de localización derecha y uno de localización izquierda. Todos los pacientes recibieron antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro y drenaje percutáneo. Se identi có agente etiológico en uno de los pacientes: Staphylococcus aureus.Los pacientes recibieron una media de 33 + 3.5 días de tratamiento. Con evolución favorable en todos los casos y mejoría en seguimiento con ultrasonidos. Ningún paciente requirió intervención quirúrgica. Abstract The liver abscess involves an authentic diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It is not frecuent in childhood. Occurs mainly in developing countries and is associated to malnutrition and parasitic infection, that are described as risk factors. Pyogenic liver abscess represents, in most of the cases, a cause of long-time hospitalizations because of the requirement of endovenous treatment, but usually with low mortality.We describe a four-case series of patients with pyogenic liver abscess between 2016 and 2018 in Hospital de Especialidades Pediatricas in Panamá City.Three patients were female and one was a male. In two of the cases, there were risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and advanced HIV infection.The most frequent symptoms were: fever (100%), abdominal pain (100%) and hepatomegaly (50%).In neither one of the cases, liver abscess was suspected as diagnosis. All cases were diagnosed by hepatic sonogram and con rmed by abdominal CT- scan. The mean size of lesions was 6.88 x 6.18 x 6.12 cm. Three of the cases were located in right lobe and one in the left lobe of the liver. They were managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics and percutaneous drainage.Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in one case.The patients received a mean of 33 + 3.5 days of treatment. All cases evolved well with improvement of lesion in ultrasonography. None of the patients required surgical intervention.

The Changes of the Medial Right Lobe, Transplanted With Left Lobe Liver Graft From Living Donors

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Ikegami ◽  
Mitsuo Shimada ◽  
Satoru Imura ◽  
Yuji Soejima ◽  
Tomoharu Yoshizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Donors ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Right Lobe

scholarly journals A gastrointestinalis traktusból migrált, lenyelt idegen testek esetei

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (42) ◽  
pp. 1677-1681
Author(s):  
Ákos Balázs ◽  
Tamás Vass ◽  
Dávid Tárnoki ◽  
Zsolt Baranyai
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
The Right ◽  
Swallowed Foreign Bodies ◽  
Septic Condition

Abstract: Migration of swallowed foreign bodies from the gastrointestinal tract is a rare phenomenon compared with the total number of ingestions. In the reported two cases, the serious septic condition indicated urgent surgical intervention. We found a piece of wire swallowed a few months earlier in the right lobe of the liver and the retroperitoneum in case one, and a piece of wire in the pericardium, which migrated from the stomach through the left lobe of the liver, in case two. Abscesses and phlegmonae were found in the retroperitoneum and then in the femoral region requiring a reoperation in case one, and in the liver and pericardium in case two. After the evacuation of abscesses, both patients made full recovery. Diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic challenges served the reasons to present these cases. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(42): 1677–1681.

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