Notes on the geographic distribution ofSpastonyx nemognathoidesSelander, 1954 (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in North America (Mexico and U.S.A.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Karen López-Estrada ◽  
Oscar Pérez-Flores ◽  
Alejandro Zaldívar-Riverón ◽  
Mario García-París
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution

Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Cardiac Surgical Education in North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 155698452110114
Author(s):  
Jessica G. Y. Luc ◽  
Tom C. Nguyen ◽  
Niv Ad
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Surgical Education ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Surgery Training ◽  
Virtual Institutions ◽  
Licensing Examination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adult Cardiac Surgery

Objective We report the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cardiac surgery trainee education in North America. Methods A survey was sent to participating academic adult cardiac surgery centers in North America. Data regarding the effect of COVID-19 on cardiac surgery training were analyzed. Results Responses were received from 53 academic institutions with diverse geographic distribution. Cardiac surgery trainee re-deployment to alternative clinical duties peaked at the height of the pandemic. We stratified institutions based on high ( n = 20) and low burden ( n = 33) of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The majority of institutions have converted didactics (high burden 90% vs low burden 73%) and interviews for jobs/fellowships (high burden 75% vs low burden 73%) from in-person to virtual. Institutions were mixed in preference for administration of the licensing examination, with the most common preference for examinations to be held remotely on normal timeline (high burden 45% vs low burden 30%) or in person with more than 3-month delay (high burden 20% vs low burden 33%). Despite the challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic on trainee clinical experience, re-deployment, and decreased operative volume, institutions expected their trainees to graduate on schedule (high burden 95% vs low burden 91%). Conclusions Our study demonstrates that actions taken during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to disruptions in cardiac surgery training with transition of didactics and interviews virtually and re-deployment to alternative duties. Despite this, institutions remain optimistic that their trainees will graduate on schedule.

Bioclimatic assessment of abiotic factors affecting relative abundance and distribution of wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) in western Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Owen Olfert ◽  
Ross M. Weiss ◽  
Haley Catton ◽  
Héctor Cárcamo ◽  
Scott Meers
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Ecoclimatic Index

AbstractWheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), indigenous to North America, quickly adapted from host native grasses to wheat crops (Triticum Linnaeus (Poaceae)) with expansion of agriculture on the Great Plains of North America. Bioclimatic simulation tools, such as Climex, predict the potential geographic distribution and establishment of insects in ecosystems, based on climate. The ecoclimatic index, a measure of ecological suitability, integrates potential population growth with stresses to produce estimates of relative abundance. This simulation software was used to develop a bioclimate model for C. cinctus in western Canada. Results fostered a better understanding of how C. cinctus responded to selected climate variables. Two general circulation models were then applied to assess the response of C. cinctus populations to future climate. Relative to current climate, predicted changes in C. cinctus distribution and relative abundance were greatest for 2030, with a small further increase for 2070. Across the Prairies and Boreal Plains Ecozones, changes in ecoclimatic index were greater than in geographic distribution. Both general circulation models indicated most of this area would be categorised as very favourable. This suggests that the potential for pest populations could expand into areas that do not currently experience economic losses associated with C. cinctus.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Cryptic Species of Plasmopara viticola Causing Downy Mildew on Wild and Cultivated Grape in Eastern North America

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 692-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Rouxel ◽  
Pere Mestre ◽  
Anton Baudoin ◽  
Odile Carisse ◽  
Laurent Delière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Grape Downy Mildew ◽  
Parthenocissus Quinquefolia

The putative center of origin of Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grape downy mildew, is eastern North America, where it has been described on several members of the family Vitaceae (e.g., Vitis spp., Parthenocissus spp., and Ampelopsis spp.). We have completed the first large-scale sampling of P. viticola isolates across a range of wild and cultivated host species distributed throughout the above region. Sequencing results of four partial genes indicated the presence of a new P. viticola species on Vitis vulpina in Virginia, adding to the four cryptic species of P. viticola recently recorded. The phylogenetic analysis also indicated that the P. viticola species found on Parthenocissus quinquefolia in North America is identical to Plasmopara muralis in Europe. The geographic distribution and host range of five pathogen species was determined through analysis of the internal transcribed spacer polymorphism of 896 isolates of P. viticola. Among three P. viticola species found on cultivated grape, one was restricted to Vitis interspecific hybrids within the northern part of eastern North America. A second species was recovered from V. vinifera and V. labrusca, and was distributed across most of the sampled region. A third species, although less abundant, was distributed across a larger geographical range, including the southern part of eastern North America. P. viticola clade aestivalis predominated (83% of isolates) in vineyards of the European winegrape V. vinifera within the sampled area, indicating that a single pathogen species may represent the primary threat to the European host species within eastern North America.

The bioclimatic envelope of the wolverine (Gulo gulo): do climatic constraints limit its geographic distribution?

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Copeland ◽  
K. S. McKelvey ◽  
K. B. Aubry ◽  
A. Landa ◽  
J. Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Gulo Gulo ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Bioclimatic Envelope ◽  
Temperature Maps

We propose a fundamental geographic distribution for the wolverine ( Gulo gulo (L., 1758)) based on the hypothesis that the occurrence of wolverines is constrained by their obligate association with persistent spring snow cover for successful reproductive denning and by an upper limit of thermoneutrality. To investigate this hypothesis, we developed a composite of MODIS classified satellite images representing persistent snow cover from 24 April to 15 May, which encompasses the end of the wolverine’s reproductive denning period. To investigate the wolverine’s spatial relationship with average maximum August temperatures, we used interpolated temperature maps. We then compared and correlated these climatic factors with spatially referenced data on wolverine den sites and telemetry locations from North America and Fennoscandia, and our contemporary understanding of the wolverine’s circumboreal range. All 562 reproductive dens from Fennoscandia and North America occurred at sites with persistent spring snow cover. Ninety-five percent of summer and 86% of winter telemetry locations were concordant with spring snow coverage. Average maximum August temperature was a less effective predictor of wolverine presence, although wolverines preferred summer temperatures lower than those available. Reductions in spring snow cover associated with climatic warming will likely reduce the extent of wolverine habitat, with an associated loss of connectivity.

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