scholarly journals Improved Otsu and Kapur approach for white blood cells segmentation based on LebTLBO optimization for the detection of Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1970-2001
Author(s):  
Nilkanth Mukund Deshpande ◽  
◽  
Shilpa Gite ◽  
Biswajeet Pradhan ◽  
Ketan Kotecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Teaching Learning Based Optimization ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Threshold Algorithms

<abstract> <p>The diagnosis of leukemia involves the detection of the abnormal characteristics of blood cells by a trained pathologist. Currently, this is done manually by observing the morphological characteristics of white blood cells in the microscopic images. Though there are some equipment- based and chemical-based tests available, the use and adaptation of the automated computer vision-based system is still an issue. There are certain software frameworks available in the literature; however, they are still not being adopted commercially. So there is a need for an automated and software- based framework for the detection of leukemia. In software-based detection, segmentation is the first critical stage that outputs the region of interest for further accurate diagnosis. Therefore, this paper explores an efficient and hybrid segmentation that proposes a more efficient and effective system for leukemia diagnosis. A very popular publicly available database, the acute lymphoblastic leukemia image database (ALL-IDB), is used in this research. First, the images are pre-processed and segmentation is done using Multilevel thresholding with Otsu and Kapur methods. To further optimize the segmentation performance, the Learning enthusiasm-based teaching-learning-based optimization (LebTLBO) algorithm is employed. Different metrics are used for measuring the system performance. A comparative analysis of the proposed methodology is done with existing benchmarks methods. The proposed approach has proven to be better than earlier techniques with measuring parameters of PSNR and Similarity index. The result shows a significant improvement in the performance measures with optimizing threshold algorithms and the LebTLBO technique.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals 833 A scalable deep learning framework for rapid automated annotation of histologic and morphologic features from large unlabeled pan-cancer H&E datasets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A874-A874
Author(s):  
David Soong ◽  
David Soong ◽  
David Soong ◽  
Anantharaman Muthuswamy ◽  
Clifton Drew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Tumor Types

BackgroundRecent advances in machine learning and digital pathology have enabled a variety of applications including predicting tumor grade and genetic subtypes, quantifying the tumor microenvironment (TME), and identifying prognostic morphological features from H&E whole slide images (WSI). These supervised deep learning models require large quantities of images manually annotated with cellular- and tissue-level details by pathologists, which limits scale and generalizability across cancer types and imaging platforms. Here we propose a semi-supervised deep learning framework that automatically annotates biologically relevant image content from hundreds of solid tumor WSI with minimal pathologist intervention, thus improving quality and speed of analytical workflows aimed at deriving clinically relevant features.MethodsThe dataset consisted of >200 H&E images across >10 solid tumor types (e.g. breast, lung, colorectal, cervical, and urothelial cancers) from advanced disease patients. WSI were first partitioned into small tiles of 128μm for feature extraction using a 50-layer convolutional neural network pre-trained on the ImageNet database. Dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering were applied to the resultant embeddings and image clusters were identified with enriched histological and morphological characteristics. A random subset of representative tiles (<0.5% of whole slide tissue areas) from these distinct image clusters was manually reviewed by pathologists and assigned to eight histological and morphological categories: tumor, stroma/connective tissue, necrotic cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, white blood cells, normal tissue and glass/background. This dataset allowed the development of a multi-label deep neural network to segment morphologically distinct regions and detect/quantify histopathological features in WSI.ResultsAs representative image tiles within each image cluster were morphologically similar, expert pathologists were able to assign annotations to multiple images in parallel, effectively at 150 images/hour. Five-fold cross-validation showed average prediction accuracy of 0.93 [0.8–1.0] and area under the curve of 0.90 [0.8–1.0] over the eight image categories. As an extension of this classifier framework, all whole slide H&E images were segmented and composite lymphocyte, stromal, and necrotic content per patient tumor was derived and correlated with estimates by pathologists (p<0.05).ConclusionsA novel and scalable deep learning framework for annotating and learning H&E features from a large unlabeled WSI dataset across tumor types was developed. This automated approach accurately identified distinct histomorphological features, with significantly reduced labeling time and effort required for pathologists. Further, this classifier framework was extended to annotate regions enriched in lymphocytes, stromal, and necrotic cells – important TME contexture with clinical relevance for patient prognosis and treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Multiple Osteolytic Lesions Causing Hypercalcemia: A Rare Presentation of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Ubaid ◽  
Syeda Taliya Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Severe Hypercalcemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is characterized by unchecked proliferation of malignant lymphoblasts which replaces the normal bone marrow culminating in anemia due to red blood cells inadequacy as well as in easy bruising/bleeding secondary to insufficient platelets production. Even the white blood cells which are produced excessively are immature and abnormal. ALL is the most common hematological malignancy in children. Most commonly, patients present with lymphadenopathy, recurrent infections, bleeding, fatigue, and bone pains. Bone pains, often particularly involving long bones, occur in about 21–38% of cases and are due to overcrowding of bone marrow with malignant cells. Vast majority of children with ALL have thrombocytopenia and/or anemia with a normal or mildly elevated white blood cells count with the presence of lymphoblasts on peripheral smear. About 50% of children present with bleeding while about 75% of patients have platelet count 100,000/microL. Visceromegaly is not uncommon but osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia are rather uncommon. We present a 22-year-old gentleman with generalized fatigue and bone pains without visceromegaly. There was severe hypercalcemia with normal parathyroid levels but multiple osteolytic lesions. Peripheral smear showed anemia without blasts, whereas a bone marrow biopsy revealed > 30% blasts with interspersed CD 10 positive cells.

scholarly journals Segmentation of White Blood Cells and Lymphoblast Cells Using Moving K-Means

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Ika Candradewi ◽  
Reno Ghaffur Bagasjvara
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Cell Segmentation ◽  
Lymphoblast Cells

One of the diagnosis procedures for acute lymphoblastic leukemia is screening for blood cells by expert operator using microscope. This process is relatively long and will slow healing process of this disease which need fast treatment. Another way to screen this disease is by using digital image processing technique in microscopic image of blood smears to detect lymphoblast cells and types of white blood cells. One of essential step in digital image processing is segmentation because this process influences the subsequent process of detecting and classifying Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia disease. This research performed segmentation of white blood cells using moving k-means algorithm. Some process are done to remove noise such as red blood cells and reduce detection errors such as white blood cells and/or lymphoblastic cell  that’s appear overlap. Postprocessing are performed to improve segmentation quality and to separate connected white blood cell. The dataset in this study has been validated with expert clinical pathologists from Sardjito Regional General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research produces systems performance with results in sensitivity of 85.6%, precision 82.3%, Fscore of 83,9% and accuracy of 72.3%. Based on the results of the testing process with a much larger number of datasets on the side of the variations level of cell segmentation difficulties both in terms of illumination and overlapping cell, the method proposed in this study was able to detect or segment overlapping white blood cells better.

scholarly journals Phosphofructokinase in human blood cells

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
MC Meienhofer ◽  
JL Lagrange ◽  
D Cottreau ◽  
G Lenoir ◽  
JC Dreyfus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

The subunit composition of phosphofructokinase from normal and malignant blood cells has been investigated by means of immunologic, electrophoretic, and chromatographic methods. Immunoprecipitation tests were performed with three specific antisera recognizing each of the basic subunits of human phosphofructokinase: muscle, M-type; liver, L- type; and fibroblast, F-type. Mature polymorphonuclear cells contain mainly L-subunits, while lymphocytes and platelets contain hybrids formed of L and F subunits; these hybrids can be electrophoretically separated. Red cell phosphofructokinase is composed of L and M subunits, as judged by its reactivity with anti-L and anti-M-type antisera. The various M-L hybrids composing red cell phosphofructokinase could be only separated by chromatography on DEAE- Cellulose. Lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia contain phosphofructokinase forms similar to those from normal lymphocytes, while the immature granulocytic cells (leukemic myeloblasts and myeloid cells of chronic myeloid leukemia) are characterized by a reinforcement of enzyme inhibition by anti-F-type antiserum. Lymphoid lines in culture (Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced or malignant lymphoma-derived lines) are characterized by the indistinctive expression of all three basic subunits, similar to that found in some fetal tissues. This article represents the first description of the isozymic nature of phosphofructokinase in platelets and white blood cells and of its changes with malignancy and cell culture. This enzyme might represent a useful marker in the characterization of the leukemic cells.

Molecular Events of T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Early Childhood

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4874-4874
Author(s):  
Marcela Braga Mansur ◽  
Mariana Emerenciano ◽  
Lilian Brewer ◽  
Kátia Cristina da Cruz Machado Candian ◽  
Maria S. Pombo-de-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) predominantly in children &gt; 5 years-old, which accounts for approximately 15% of pediatric ALL in age range. Recent studies demonstrated that an accumulation of chromosomal rearrangements and other genetic anomalies is necessary for T-ALL development. However causal factors and time latency for childhood T-ALL remains enigmatic. Unlike B-cell precursor ALL that involves genetic events prenatally or in early infancy, T-ALL early childhood have controversial results regarding prenatal origin. Therefore, we conducted a molecular screening in infants with T-ALL searching for the most common genetic markers associated with this malignancy. This series of cases was selected from the incident cases included in the Brazilian Collaborative Study for IAL. The diagnosis of T-ALL was made according to morphology and EGIL classification, followed by conventional karyotyping. Sixteen cases of T-ALL IL were analyzed either by PCR-RFLP (FLT3), RT-PCR (MLL, SIL/TAL1 and HOX11L2) or PCR-DHPLC (NOTCH1), tracing the genetic alterations commonly found in these genes. Mean age at diagnosis was 14.6 months (6–24), there was a predominance of high white blood cells (WBC) count, and a poor survival in this series of cases. Cytogenetic aberrations included del(12p) (#2), t(11;14) (#3), del(6)(q23) and del(7) (q32) (#11), and 49, XY,+6,+8,+19 (#15). Details of all molecular markers are presented in Table. Then molecular markers were identified in 8 out of 16 (50%) T-ALL cases. The observed markers included MLL rearrangements (n=2), FLT3-ITD (n=1), SIL/TAL1 (n=2), HOX11L2 (n=1), and NOTCH1 (n=4). SIL/TAL1 and NOTCH1 abnormalities were found concomitantly in one case (#7) in the diagnostic sample. By the fact that the onset of T-ALL arose in a short time latency from birth to diagnosis we suggested that T-ALL might originate prenatally in these cases. Table. Laboratorial and Molecular Features of Patients ID Age(months) Gender WBC(×109/L) EGIL MLL FLT3 SIL/TAL1 HOX11L2 NOTCH1 Outcome #1 24 F 86.0 T-I Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #2 20 F 240.1 T-I Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #3 22 M 380.1 T-II Neg ITD Pos Neg WT Dead #4 24 M 440.1 T-IV Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #5 20 F 330.0 T-IV Pos1 WT Neg Neg WT Alive #6 12 M 80.1 T-IV Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #7 13 F 71.3 T-I Neg WT Pos Neg Mut Lost #8 9 M 56.2 T-IV Neg WT Neg Neg Mut Alive #9 14 M 57.1 T-IV Neg WT Pos Neg WT Lost #10 7 M 110.0 T-IV Pos2 WT Neg Neg WT Alive #11 17 M 180.1 T-I Neg WT Neg Neg WT Alive #12 20 F 78.6 T-I Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #13 9 M 71.0 T-IV Neg WT Neg Neg WT Dead #14 9 F 50.0 NA Neg WT Neg Neg Mut Dead #15 8 M 154.0 T-IV Neg WT Neg Neg Mut Alive #16 6 F 131.6 T-IV Neg WT Neg Pos WT Alive Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; WBC, white blood cells count; NA, not available; Neg, negative; Pos, positive; WT, wild-type; ITD, internal tandem duplication; Mut, mutated; 1MLL/AF4; 2MLL/ENL.

Targeting Survivin Using ICG-001 May Overcome Drug Resistance in Primary B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3072-3072
Author(s):  
Enzi Jiang ◽  
Eugene Park ◽  
Carlton Scharman ◽  
Yao-Te Hsieh ◽  
Asha Kadavallore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Standard Chemotherapy

Abstract Abstract 3072 Poster Board III-9 Despite advances in chemotherapeutic treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 20% of children relapse with high death rates, highlighting the need for new treatment modalities. Recent population studies have demonstrated that Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins, is expressed in most cancerous cells but has also been implicated in normal erythropoiesis. It is upregulated in ALL of relapsed patients but not in drug-sensitive ALL. The expression of Survivin depends on the formation of a complex between β-catenin and its co-activator CBP. Selective suppression of CBP/β-catenin signaling using the novel small-molecule inhibitor ICG-001 offers a novel mechanism to target Survivin in the sensitization of leukemia cells to conventional drug treatment. We hypothesize that inhibition of CBP/β-catenin signaling by ICG-001 in combination with conventional therapy represents a promising therapeutic principle to eradicate drug resistant ALL while sparing normal hematopoiesis. An in vivo study utilized our bioluminescent model to non-invasively monitor leukemogenesis of a primary ALL, transduced with a lentiviral construct encoding firefly luciferase prior to xenotransplantation. NOD/SCIDIL2R gamma-/- mice were sublethally irradiated prior intravenous injection of 50,000 cells per animal. Leukemic animals were treated with a combination of intraperitoneally administered VDL and ICG-001 (100mg/kg/d) (n=3), which was delivered via subcutaneous osmotic pumps to ensure stable plasma levels, with VDL only (n=4), or PBS only (n=2) as a control for 4 weeks. Bioluminescent imaging on Day 42 post-injection showed a contrast in the containment of leukemia of ICG-001+VDL mice as compared to those of the VDL control group. The animals in the PBS control group and the VDL+PBS Pump control groups had Median Survival Times (MST) of 35 days and 66.5 days post-treatment, respectively. In marked contrast, the animals treated with a combination of VDL+ICG-001 had a significant 14% extension in MST of 76 days post-treatment (p=0.016 compared to VDL group). Survivin mRNA expression was found to be downregulated after VDL+ICG treatment compared to treatment with VDL only. Analysis of peripheral blood showed no effect of ICG-001 on leukocyte or red blood cells compared to control groups. Next, we determined in vitro the ability of ICG-001 to increase sensitivity of patient-derived ALL cells and ALL celllines including BEL-1, REH, 697 and SUPB15 to chemotherapy including VDL or Imatinib. After 4 days we observed significantly increased toxicity assessed by MTT assay and AnnexinV staining as well as downregulation of Survivin confirmed by real-time PCR and Western Blot. To determine if ICG-001 is non-toxic to normal hematopoiesis, we treated normalC57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks with ICG-001 only. At end of treatment, normal blood counts including red blood cell, white blood cells and platelets, normal histology and normal weight gain indicated that ICG-001 is not detrimental to the recipient. In vitro apoptotic studies using normal white blood cells isolated from peripheral blood and co-cultured with a stromal layer confirmed further the non-toxicity of ICG-001 to normal cells. In summary, the sustained survival of the mice treated with combination of standard chemotherapy and ICG-001 is compatible with our hypothesis that ICG-001 can sensitize drug resistant leukemia cells to treatment with standard chemotherapy while sparing normal hematopoiesis and may lead to novel therapeutic options to overcome drug resistance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Objective Assessment of White Blood Cells Using Computational Vision Algorithms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cesar Mauricio Rodríguez Barrero ◽  
Lyle Alberto Romero Gabalan ◽  
Edgar Eduardo Roa Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Base Functions

In the field of medicine, the analysis of blood is one of the most important exams to determine the physiological state of a patient. In the analysis of the blood sample, an important process is the counting and classification of white blood cells, which is done manually, being an exhaustive, subjective, and error-prone activity due to the physical fatigue that generates the professional because it is a method that consumes long laxes of time. The purpose of the research was to develop a system to identify and classify blood cells, by the implementation of the networks of Gaussian radial base functions (RBFN) for the extraction of its nucleus and subsequently their classification through the morphological characteristics, its color, and the distance between objects. Finally, the results obtained with the validation through the coefficient of determination showed an overall accuracy of 97.9% in the classification of the white blood cells per individual, while the precision in the classification by type of cell evidenced results in 93.4% for lymphocytes, 97.37% for monocytes, 79.5% for neutrophils, 73.07% for eosinophils, and a 100% in basophils with respect to the professional. In this way, the proposed system becomes a reliable technological support that contributes to the improvement of the analysis for identification of blood cells and therefore would benefit the low-level hematology establishments as well as to the processes of research in the area of medicine.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia after induction of chemotherapy: a pilot descriptive correlational study from Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Shawahna ◽  
Sultan Mosleh ◽  
Yahya Odeh ◽  
Rami Halawa ◽  
Majd Al-Ghoul
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Pediatric All

Abstract Objective Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent type of cancer among children. This study was conducted to describe and correlate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment of patients with pediatric ALL in the main referral hospital in Palestine. Results Complete data of 69 patients were included in this analysis. The majority (79.7%) of the patients had B-ALL phenotype. After induction chemotherapy, remission was experienced by the vast majority of the patients and 5 (7.2%) experienced relapses. Cytogenetics for patients with B-ALL phenotype indicated that 10 (18.2%) patients had t(12, 21) translocation, 5 (9.1%) had hyperdiploidy, 4 (7.3%) had t(1, 19) translocation, and 2 (3.6%) had t(9, 22) translocation. The initial white blood cells (p value < 0.001), absolute neutrophils (p value = 0.011), and hemoglobin (p value < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with B-cell ALL. Platelet counts were significantly lower (p value = 0.012) in patients with splenomegaly and those with bleeding symptoms (p value = 0.008). Presence of palmar pollar was positively associated (p value = 0.035) with T-cell ALL. Presence of hepatomegaly was positively associated (p value < 0.001) with splenomegaly.

scholarly journals CAR-T Cells: An Innovative Therapeutic Strategy Against Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sheykhhasan ◽  
Hamed Manoochehri ◽  
Leila Naserpour ◽  
Naser Kalhor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cancer In Children

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent and highly progressive cancer in children and adolescents associated with an excessive production of immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow, which causes a negative effect on the production of other blood components, such as red blood cells, platelets, and other white blood cells (1-3).

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