scholarly journals Multiscale modeling of skeletal muscle to explore its passive mechanical properties and experiments verification

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1251-1279
Author(s):  
Fengjie Liu ◽  
◽  
Monan Wang ◽  
Yuzheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Voronoi Polygons

<abstract> <p>The research of the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle has never stopped, whether in experimental tests or simulations of passive mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of biomechanical properties of micro-components and geometric structure of muscle fibers on macroscopic mechanical behavior, in this manuscript, we establish a multiscale model where constitutive models are proposed for fibers and the extracellular matrix, respectively. Besides, based on the assumption that the fiber cross-section can be expressed by Voronoi polygons, we optimize the Voronoi polygons as curved-edge Voronoi polygons to compare the effects of the two cross-sections on macroscopic mechanical properties. Finally, the macroscopic stress response is obtained through the numerical homogenization method. To verify the effectiveness of the multi-scale model, we measure the mechanical response of skeletal muscles in the in-plane shear, longitudinal shear, and tensions, including along the fiber direction and perpendicular to the fiber direction. Compared with experimental data, the simulation results show that this multiscale framework predicts both the tension response and the shear response of skeletal muscle accurately. The root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.0035 MPa in the tension along the fiber direction; The RMSE is 0.011254 MPa in the tension perpendicular to the fiber direction; The RMSE is 0.000602 MPa in the in-plane shear; The RMSE was 0.00085 MPa in the longitudinal shear. Finally, we obtained the influence of the component constitutive model and muscle fiber cross-section on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle. In terms of the tension perpendicular to the fiber direction, the curved-edge Voronoi polygons achieve the result closer to the experimental data than the Voronoi polygons. Skeletal muscle mechanics experiments verify the effectiveness of our multiscale model. The comparison results of experiments and simulations prove that our model can accurately capture the tension and shear behavior of skeletal muscle.</p> </abstract>

Tensile Material Properties of Skeletal Muscle Tissue in Longitudinal and Transverse Directions

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane A. Morrow ◽  
Tammy L. Haut Donahue ◽  
Gregory M. Odegard ◽  
Kenton R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Tension Properties

Since Blix noted that force varies with muscle length [1], many investigators have worked to characterize the passive length-tension properties of skeletal muscle in the tissue’s fiber direction [2]. However, few reports have examined the properties of muscle in either transverse extension or in longitudinal shear [3–4]. Material properties in these three directions are needed to fully characterize computational models, which generally describe muscle as being transversely isotropic, hyperelastic, and isovolumetric [3–6]. Further, previous studies reporting tri-planar material properties indicate that muscle tissue is stiffer in the transverse direction compared to the longitudinal direction [3–4]. This counters conventional notions of transversely isotropic materials, which are generally stiffer in the fiber direction.

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Carbon-Epoxy Composite Materials Using Experimental Data and FEA Methods

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Farahikia ◽  
Sunilbhai Macwan ◽  
Fereidoon Delfanian ◽  
Zhong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Test Specifications ◽  
Dog Bone

A series of tensile, compression and shear tests were carried out on carbon-epoxy composite materials to evaluate their mechanical properties. The experiments were set upin accordance with ASTM standards that best corresponded to the test specifications. Specimens were categorized into groups according to their dimensions and shape. Based on testing requirements, some were cut into rectangular and others into dog bone specimens to determine the effects of stress concentration. A number of specimens were reinforced at both ends by means of tabs which were bonded on both faces to reduce the effects of the external pressure exerted on them through the grips of the testing machines, and the rest of them were tested without any reinforcement tabs. All the specimens were tested until failure. Load, elongation (displacement) and strain data were recorded by means of strain gages and data acquisition systems. The experimental results obtained from similar tests on different groups are compared to examine the conformity of the results regardless of dimension and geometry, and are also verified by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In addition, FEA is used to study different conditions, such as geometry, that could affect the final results. The experimental data are analyzed and effects of fiber direction on failure method are studied. It was concluded that shape and geometry factors as well as fiber direction influenced the failure method. The work, however, is still in progress and tests under conditions, such as elevated temperature, will be conducted to study other effects on the mechanical properties of 3D woven carbon-epoxy composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Behavior of Steel Pipe Bends: An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros A. Karamanos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Bending Capacity ◽  
Bending Loading

An overview of the mechanical behavior of steel pipe (elbows) is offered, based on previously reported analytical solutions, numerical results, and experimental data. The behavior of pipe bends is characterized by significant deformations and stresses, quite higher than the ones developed in straight pipes with the same cross section. Under bending loading (in-plane and out-of-plane), the main feature of the response is cross-sectional ovalization, which influences bending capacity and is affected by the level of internal pressure. Bends subjected to cyclic in-plane bending exhibit fatigue damage, leading to base metal cracking at the elbow flank. Using advanced finite-element tools, the response of pipe elbows in buried pipelines subjected to ground-induced actions is also addressed, with emphasis on soil–pipeline interaction. Finally, the efficiency of special-purpose finite elements for modeling pipes and elbows is briefly discussed.

Research of Mechanical Behavior for Rounded and Rectangular Clinched Joint

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Zhao ◽  
Xiao Cong He ◽  
Yi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Minimum Thickness ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
Joining Process

Joining process and mechanical properties of clinched joints in Al5052 aluminum alloy sheets had been studied in this study. The clinched joints were classified to round one and rectangle one. Results of cross-section showed that the minimum thickness of the rectangle joints were lower than the round joints, and the aspect ratio of undercut section corresponding was larger. The strength of rectangular joint was 1.7 times of round one. Failure mode of rounded joint was the upper sheet fractures at the neck having a minimum thickness, but failure mode was the mix of neck-fracture and pulled-out for rectangular joint.

Generic Geometric Model for 3D Woven Interlock Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansar Mahmood ◽  
Xin Wei Wang ◽  
Chu Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Shape Function ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Internal Geometry ◽  
The Cross

The mechanical properties of 3D woven interlock composites (3DWIC) can be tailored via design of their weave architecture. This paper presents a geometric model called Generic Geometric Model (GG-Model) which delineates the weave architecture of 3DWIC based on its realistic internal geometry i.e. geometry of the cross-section and path of tows. In GG-Model, the cross-section of tows has been described through a novel shape function called “Generic Shape Function (GSF)”. The GG-Model uses manufacturer and weaver specified data to calculate geometric parameters of the 3DWIC and the reinforcing fabric. The GG-Model is then validated by comparing modeled parameters with experimental data. Strong correlation is found between modeled parameters and experimental data.

Investigate Mechanical Behavior of Gold Nanowire with Defect

2013 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Jia Lin Tsai ◽  
Cheng Fong Hong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gold Nanowires ◽  
Gold Nanowire ◽  
Section Size ◽  
The Cross

This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties of gold nanowires using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The effects of the cross section size and the defects on the stress strain curves of the nanowires are examined. Moreover, the inception as well as the processing of dislocationin the nanowire is accounted by means of the centro-symmetry parameter and meanwhile, the energy variation during the dislocation is calculated. Results indicated for the pristine gold nanowire, as the cross section size increases, Youngs modulus increases, but the yielding stress decreases accordingly. Once the ultimate linear point is attained, the dislocation takes place abruptly from the nanowire surfaceand extended along the {111} planes. On the other hand, for the nanowire with defect, it was found that the dislocation is initiated from the defect which can significantlyreduce the yielding stress of the nanowires.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nanoparticles Percentage on Mechanical Behavior of Silica-Epoxy Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Reza Masoodi ◽  
Hossein Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposites ◽  
Empirical Formulas

Silica-epoxy nanocomposites are very common among nanocomposites, which makes them very important. Several researchers have studied the effect of nanoparticle’s size, shape, and loading on mechanical behavior of silica-epoxy nanocomposites. This paper reviews the most important research done on the effect of nanoparticle loading on mechanical properties of silica-epoxy nanocomposites. While the main focus is the tensile behavior of nanocomposite, the compressive behavior and flexural behavior were also reviewed. Finally, some of the published experimental data were combined in the graphs, using dimensionless parameters. Later, the best fitted curves were used to derive some empirical formulas for mechanical properties of silica-epoxy nanocomposites as functions of weight or volume fraction of nanoparticles.

Modeling of Mechanical Behavior of Porous Sintered Timing Wheel in Contact with Chain Wheels

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 1649-1652
Author(s):  
M. Alizadeh ◽  
H. Khorsand ◽  
Ali Shokuhfar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Sintered Density ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

The mechanical properties of sintered timing wheel in contact with chain wheels were analysed using Finite Element Methods (FEM), in which the timing wheel is modelled as a metal powder. The mechanical properties of sintered timing wheel were investigated as a function of sintered density. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with a decrease in porosity. Current methods of calculating gear contact stresses use Hertz’s equations, which were originally derived for contact between sintered timing wheel and chain wheels. The results of the 2D dimensional FEM analyses from ANSYS are presented. The relationship between relative density of P/M steels and mechanical behavior is also obtained from FEM and compared with the experimental data. Good agreement between the experimental and FEM results is observed, which demonstrates that FEM can capture the major features of the P/M steels behaviour during loading. This indicates that the FEM model is accurate.

A116 Experimental study of mechanical properties of skeletal muscle in transverse cross section

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007.18 (0) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Arata KAWAKAMI ◽  
Daisuke ITO ◽  
Yuji TOKORO ◽  
Sota YAMAMOTO ◽  
Masami IWAMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transverse Cross Section

scholarly journals The Influence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Matrix Mechanical Properties on Simulated Whole-Knee Biomechanics

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Rosario ◽  
Benjamin C. Marchi ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda ◽  
Rhima M. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Tissue Deformation ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Anterior Tibial ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract Knee finite element (FE) models are used to study tissue deformation in response to complex loads. Typically, ligaments are modeled using transversely isotropic, hyperelastic material models fitted to tension data along the predominant fiber direction (longitudinal) and, less commonly, to tension data orthogonal to the fiber direction (transverse). Currently, the shear and bulk responses of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are not fitted to experimental data. In this study, a newly proposed material model was fitted to longitudinal tension, transverse tension, and shear experimental data. The matrix transverse tensile, shear, and bulk stiffnesses were then varied independently to determine the impact of each property on knee kinematics and tissue deformation in a whole-knee FE model. The range of values for each parameter was chosen based on published FE studies of the knee. For a knee at full extension under 134 N anterior tibial force (ATF), increasing matrix transverse tensile stiffness, shear stiffness, or bulk stiffness decreased anterior tibial translation (ATT), ACL longitudinal strain, and ACL shear strain. For a knee under 134 N ATF and 1600 N compression, changing the ACL matrix mechanical properties caused variations in ATT and thus changed cartilage deformation contours by changing the point of contact between the femoral and the tibial cartilage. These findings indicate that material models for the ACL must describe matrix material properties to best predict the in vivo response to applied loads.

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