scholarly journals The Effect of Nanoparticles Percentage on Mechanical Behavior of Silica-Epoxy Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Reza Masoodi ◽  
Hossein Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposites ◽  
Empirical Formulas

Silica-epoxy nanocomposites are very common among nanocomposites, which makes them very important. Several researchers have studied the effect of nanoparticle’s size, shape, and loading on mechanical behavior of silica-epoxy nanocomposites. This paper reviews the most important research done on the effect of nanoparticle loading on mechanical properties of silica-epoxy nanocomposites. While the main focus is the tensile behavior of nanocomposite, the compressive behavior and flexural behavior were also reviewed. Finally, some of the published experimental data were combined in the graphs, using dimensionless parameters. Later, the best fitted curves were used to derive some empirical formulas for mechanical properties of silica-epoxy nanocomposites as functions of weight or volume fraction of nanoparticles.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS Al–Cu–Ti METAL FOAMS SYNTHESIZED BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp02) ◽  
pp. 1850022
Author(s):  
MAOYUAN LI ◽  
LIN LU ◽  
ZHEN DAI ◽  
YIQIANG HONG ◽  
WEIWEI CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Amorphous Al–Cu–Ti metal foams were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process with the diameter of 10[Formula: see text]mm. The SPS process was conducted at the pressure of 200 and 300[Formula: see text]MPa with the temperature of 653–723[Formula: see text]K, respectively. NaCl was used as the space-holder, forming almost separated pores with the porosity of 65 vol%. The microstructure and mechanical behavior of the amorphous Al–Cu–Ti metal foams were systematically investigated. The results show that the crystallinity increased at elevated temperatures. The effect of pressure and holding time on the crystallization was almost negligible. The intermetallic compounds, i.e. Al–Ti, Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Ti were identified from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. It was found that weak adhesion and brittle intermetallic compounds reduced the mechanical properties, while lower volume fraction and smaller size of NaCl powders improved the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with 3D-Textile Composite Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Mays R. Abdulghani ◽  
Dr. Ahmed S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Textile Fiber ◽  
Textile Composite

Normal concrete is weak against tensile strength, has low ductility, and also insignificant resistance to cracking. The addition of diverse types of fibers at specific proportions can enhance the mechanical properties as well as the durability of concrete. Discrete fiber commonly used, has many disadvantages such as balling the fiber, randomly distribution, and limitation of the Vf ratio used. Based on this vision, a new technic was discovered enhancing concrete by textile-fiber to avoid all the problems mentioned above. The main idea of this paper is the investigation of the mechanical properties of SCC, and SCM that cast with 3D AR-glass fabric having two different thicknesses (6, 10 mm), and different layers (1,2 layers). As well as micro-steel fiber with 1.25% volume fraction was used. Sixteen rectangular reinforced concrete beam specimens have been tested to study the behavior of their flexural strength. The results concluded that utilizing 3D-TFs with mortar mixture gave significantly higher enhancement for the load-carrying capacity than the concrete mixture. The utilization of 3D-TFs and micro-steel fiber together in the SCM mix gave better results. The stiffness of the specimens was improved with increasing the thickness and the number of textile fiber layers.

Mechanical behavior simulation: NCF/epoxy composite processed by RTM

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Maciel Monticeli ◽  
David Daou ◽  
Mirko Dinulović ◽  
Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald ◽  
Maria Odila Hilário Cioffi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Matrix Reinforcement

Considering aeronautics requirements, academies and industries are developing matrixes and reinforcements with higher mechanical performance. The same occurs with the process where new studies focus on obtaining composites with suitable matrix/reinforcement interface. The use of epoxy resin and carbon fiber with high mechanical performance does not guarantee a composite with high mechanical properties, considering imperfections and void formation along the laminate in case of inappropriate processing parameters. The aim of this article was to analyze and quantify the mechanical behavior of polymer composite reinforced with continuous fibers using finite element methodology and postprocessing software simulation. In addition, the classical laminate theory and finite elements were used to simulate flexural and tensile tests of composite specimens. Simulation results were compared with experimental test results using a carbon fiber noncrimp fabric quadriaxial/epoxy resin composite processed by resin transfer molding. Although void volume fraction for structural materials presenting results under aeronautics requirements regarding of 2%, imperfections like lack of resin and impregnation discontinuity showed an influence in tensile and flexural experimental results. Experimental mechanical behavior decreased 10% of strength, in comparison with simulation results due to imperfection on impregnation measured by C-Scan map. Improvement in processing procedures could able to provide greater impregnation continuity, reducing defect formation and ensuring better matrix/reinforcement interface. As a final conclusion, the process plays a role as important as the characteristics of reinforcement and matrix and, consequently, the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Structure-Function Relationships of the Vertebral Endplate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiao Wu ◽  
Elise Feng-i Morgan ◽  
Johnfredy Loaiza ◽  
Rohin Banerji ◽  
Olivia Rose Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Level Density ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Vertebral Endplate ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Apparent Stiffness

Background: Although deformation and fracture of the vertebral endplate have been implicated in spinal conditions such as vertebral fracture and disc degeneration, few biomechanical studies of this structure are available. The goal of this study was to quantify the mechanical behavior of the vertebral endplate. Methods: Eight-five rectangular specimens were dissected from the superior and/or inferior central endplates of human lumbar spine segments L1-L4. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging, four-point-bend testing, and ashing were performed to quantify the apparent elastic modulus and yield stress (modulus and yield stress, respectively, of the porous vertebral endplate), tissue yield stress (yield stress of the tissue of the vertebral endplate, excluding pores), ultimate strain, fracture strain, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and various measures of tissue density and composition (tissue mineral density, ash fraction, and ash density). Regression was used to assess the dependence of mechanical properties on density and composition. Results: Wide variations in elastic and failure properties, and in density and tissue composition, were observed. BMD and BV/TV were good predictors of many of the apparent-level mechanical properties, including modulus, yield stress, and in the case of the inferior vertebral endplate, failure strains. Similar values of the mechanical properties were noted between superior and inferior vertebral endplates. In contrast to the dependence of apparent stiffness and strength on BMD and BV/TV, none of the mechanical properties depended on any of the tissue-level density measurements. Conclusion: The dependence of many of the mechanical properties of the vertebral endplate on BV/TV and BMD suggests possibilities for non-invasive assessment of how this region of the spine behaves during habitual and injurious loading. Further study of the non-mineral components of the endplate tissue is required to understand how the composition of this tissue may influence the overall mechanical behavior of the vertebral endplate.

scholarly journals Investigating mechanical properties of 3D printed parts manufactured in different orientations on Multijet printer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
Vishal S Sharma ◽  
Trehan Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Polymer Material ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Polymer material based products in the engineering field are most widely produced by the multi jet printing (MJP). These products impart inherent benefits in manufacturing intricate contours and shapes at less additional expenses. This emphasizes the importance of studying the mechanical behavior of the manufactured parts, using polymeric materials in different orientations. In this investigation density, tensile behavior & hardness were studied for 3D-printed parts produced in four different orientations (A, B, C and D). It is found that for the best mechanical properties part should be fabricated using orientation ‘A’. Furthermore, for density and tensile strength part should not be fabricated using orientation ‘C’. Also in case of hardness part should not be fabricated in orientation ‘B’.

scholarly journals Effect of Stone-Wales Defect on Mechanical Properties of Gr/epoxy Nanocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoyuan Li ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Tianzhengxiong Deng ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Epoxy Nanocomposites ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
High Performance Polymer ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Perfect Graphene

Due to its superior mechanical properties, graphene (Gr) has the potential to achieve high performance polymer-based nanocomposites. Previous studies have proved that defects in the Gr sheets could greatly reduce the mechanical properties of Gr, while the Stone-Wales (SW) defect was found to enhance the interfacial mechanical strength between Gr and epoxy. However, the combined effects of defects on the overall mechanical properties of Gr/epoxy nanocomposites have not been well understood. In this paper, the effect of the SW defect on the mechanical properties of Gr/epoxy nanocomposites was systematically investigated by using molecular dynamic simulations. The simulation results showed that the SW defect would degrade the mechanical properties of nanocomposites, including the Young’s modulus and in-plane shear modulus. Surprisingly, the transverse shear modulus could be remarkably enhanced with the existence of SW. The reinforcing mechanisms were mainly due to two aspects: (1) the SW defect could increase the surface roughness of the Gr, preventing the slippage between Gr and epoxy during the transverse shea; and (2) the nanocomposite with defective Gr enables a higher interaction energy than that with perfect graphene. Additionally, the effects of temperature, the dispersion and volume fraction of Gr were also investigated.

Investigation of the microstructure, mechanical properties and tensile behavior of a low carbon nickel-manganese dual-phase transformationinduced plasticity steel by heavy warm rolling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmad ◽  
Xiangyu Wang ◽  
Liming Fu ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
Waseem Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Warm Rolling ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Trip Effect ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Deformation Stage ◽  
Nickel Manganese

A dual phase (martensite–austenite) low carbon nickel-manganese transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel was fabricated by heavily warm rolling (HWR), and the effect of annealing on the phase fraction, mechanical properties and tensile deformation behavior of the heavily warm rolled (HWRed) steel was investigated. The results showed that the reverse transformation of γ-austenite from α′-martensite occurs and that the γ-austenite volume fraction (VA) decreases from 91% to 55% as the annealing temperature increases from 400 °C to 800 °C, respectively. The HWRed steel annealed at 400 °C exhibits a high strength-high ductility combination with yield strength of 706 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1573 MPa, total elongation (TEL) of 21.6%, and the product of the strength and elongation (PSE: UTS×TEL) is 34 GPa%. These excellent mechanical properties are principally attributed to the formation of a large volume fraction of austenite (γ) by the reverse transformation and subsequent TRIP effect during tensile deformation. It was found that the HWRed and annealed steels exhibit a special tensile behavior with a large yielding strain followed by pronounced strain hardening. The tensile curve can be readily divided into three obviously different stages. The strain-induced martensite (SIM) transformation (γ -α′) occurs in the early yielding deformation stage and in the intermediate rapidly hardening deformation stage, indicating that the TRIP effect dominates the process of these two stages. However, the retained γ-austenite remains very stable, and no TRIP effect is observed in the final hardening deformation stage. The load-unload reload (LUR) test was performed to evaluate the back stress (σb) hardening effect during tensile testing. It is believed that the pronounced strain hardening behavior after yielding is mainly associated with the σb enhancement induced by the strain partitioning between the soft retained γ-austenite and the hard α′-martensite due to the SIM transformation during tensile deformation.

Dynamic recrystallization and microstructure evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy produced by extrusion through rotating container

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Nan Bian ◽  
Yongchao Xu ◽  
Xiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Dynamic Recrystallization ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
Equiaxed Grains

In order to research the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain refinement mechanisms in the process of extrusion through the rotating container, hot compression experiment of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out. Through the combination of experimental data and Yada empirical model, the DRX model of AZ31 magnesium alloy was established. Based on this DRX model, the numerical simulation of AZ31 magnesium alloy extrusion through the rotating container process was performed. The research results indicated, with the same process parameters of conventional extrusion, the shear stress increased significantly at the same position during the process of extrusion through the rotating container. This stress change promoted the occurrence of DRX and the increased recrystallization volume fraction. The average grain size obviously decreased. The equiaxed grains increased and the distribution uniformity was improved. These characteristics provided a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the enhanced comprehensive mechanical properties during the extrusion through the rotating container.

Mechanical Properties of a Cryomilled Nanostructured Al-Mg Alloy

2003 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Q. Han ◽  
F. A. Mohamed ◽  
C. Bampton ◽  
E. J. Lavernia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tension And Compression

ABSTRACTThe microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior at room temperature of a nanostructured Al-Mg alloy, with grain sizes of approximately 100 nm, manufactured by a cryomilling process were investigated in the present study. The results reveal an asymmetry of yield strength between tension and compression. On the basis of the mechanical behavior results it appears that the presence of a few micron inclusions may have a negative effect on tensile behavior of the cryomilled nanostructured Al-Mg alloy.

scholarly journals Multiscale modeling of skeletal muscle to explore its passive mechanical properties and experiments verification

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1251-1279
Author(s):  
Fengjie Liu ◽  
◽  
Monan Wang ◽  
Yuzheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Voronoi Polygons

<abstract> <p>The research of the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle has never stopped, whether in experimental tests or simulations of passive mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of biomechanical properties of micro-components and geometric structure of muscle fibers on macroscopic mechanical behavior, in this manuscript, we establish a multiscale model where constitutive models are proposed for fibers and the extracellular matrix, respectively. Besides, based on the assumption that the fiber cross-section can be expressed by Voronoi polygons, we optimize the Voronoi polygons as curved-edge Voronoi polygons to compare the effects of the two cross-sections on macroscopic mechanical properties. Finally, the macroscopic stress response is obtained through the numerical homogenization method. To verify the effectiveness of the multi-scale model, we measure the mechanical response of skeletal muscles in the in-plane shear, longitudinal shear, and tensions, including along the fiber direction and perpendicular to the fiber direction. Compared with experimental data, the simulation results show that this multiscale framework predicts both the tension response and the shear response of skeletal muscle accurately. The root mean squared error (RMSE) is 0.0035 MPa in the tension along the fiber direction; The RMSE is 0.011254 MPa in the tension perpendicular to the fiber direction; The RMSE is 0.000602 MPa in the in-plane shear; The RMSE was 0.00085 MPa in the longitudinal shear. Finally, we obtained the influence of the component constitutive model and muscle fiber cross-section on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle. In terms of the tension perpendicular to the fiber direction, the curved-edge Voronoi polygons achieve the result closer to the experimental data than the Voronoi polygons. Skeletal muscle mechanics experiments verify the effectiveness of our multiscale model. The comparison results of experiments and simulations prove that our model can accurately capture the tension and shear behavior of skeletal muscle.</p> </abstract>

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