scholarly journals Spatio-temporal games of voluntary vaccination in the absence of the infection: the interplay of local versus non-local information about vaccine adverse events

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1090-1131
Author(s):  
Antonella Lupica ◽  
◽  
Piero Manfredi ◽  
Vitaly Volpert ◽  
Annunziata Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal integration in plant tropisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20190038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Meroz ◽  
Renaud Bastien ◽  
L. Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Response Function ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Local Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Plant Shoots

Tropisms, growth-driven responses to environmental stimuli, cause plant organs to respond in space and time and reorient themselves. Classical experiments from nearly a century ago reveal that plant shoots respond to the integrated history of light and gravity stimuli rather than just responding instantaneously. We introduce a temporally non-local response function for the dynamics of shoot growth formulated as an integro-differential equation whose solution allows us to qualitatively reproduce experimental observations associated with intermittent and unsteady stimuli. Furthermore, an analytic solution for the case of a pulse stimulus expresses the response function as a function of experimentally tractable variables, which we calculate for the case of the phototropic response of Arabidopsis hypocotyls. All together, our model enables us to predict tropic responses to time-varying stimuli, manifested in temporal integration phenomena, and sets the stage for the incorporation of additional effects such as multiple stimuli, gravitational sagging, etc.

scholarly journals Complex partial synchronization patterns in networks of delay-coupled neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2153) ◽  
pp. 20180128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nikitin ◽  
I. Omelchenko ◽  
A. Zakharova ◽  
M. Avetyan ◽  
A. L. Fradkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Partial Synchronization ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fast Oscillations

We study the spatio-temporal dynamics of a multiplex network of delay-coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo oscillators with non-local and fractal connectivities. Apart from chimera states, a new regime of coexistence of slow and fast oscillations is found. An analytical explanation for the emergence of such coexisting partial synchronization patterns is given. Furthermore, we propose a control scheme for the number of fast and slow neurons in each layer. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear dynamics of delay systems’.

scholarly journals Branching Space-Times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuel Belnap ◽  
Thomas Müller ◽  
Tomasz Placek
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Theory ◽  
Quantum Non Locality ◽  
Foundations Of Physics ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Rigorous Framework ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Non Locality

This book develops a rigorous theory of indeterminism as a local and modal concept. Its crucial insight is that our world contains events or processes with alternative, really possible outcomes. The theory aims at clarifying what this assumption involves, and it does it in two ways. First, it provides a mathematically rigorous framework for local and modal indeterminism. Second, we support that theory by spelling out the philosophically relevant consequences of this formulation and by showing its fruitful applications in metaphysics. To this end, we offer a formal analysis of modal correlations and of causation, which is applicable in indeterministic and non-local contexts as well. We also propose a rigorous theory of objective single-case probabilities, intended to represent degrees of possibility. In a third step, we link our theory to current physics, investigating how local and modal indeterminism relates to issues in the foundations of physics, in particular, quantum non-locality and spatio-temporal relativity. The book also ventures into the philosophy of time, showing how the theory’s resources can be used to explicate the dynamic concept of the past, present, and future based on local indeterminism.

Kernel-Based Fuzzy Local Information Clustering Algorithm Self-integrating Non-Local Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyu Song ◽  
Chengmao Wu ◽  
Xiaoping Tian ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Xiaokang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Distance Metric ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Non Local

Abstract The application of fuzzy clustering algorithms in image segmentation is a hot research topic nowadays. Existing fuzzy clustering algorithms have the following three problems: (1)The parameters of spatial information constraints can$'$t be selected adaptively; (2)The image corrupted by high noise can$'$t be segmented effectively; (3)It is difficult to achieve a balance between noise removal and detail preservation. In the fuzzy clustering based on the optimization model, the choice of distance metric is very important. Since the use of Euclidean distance will lead to sensitivity to outliers and noise, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory segmentation results, which will affect the clustering performance. This paper proposes an optimization algorithm based on the kernel-based fuzzy local information clustering integrating non-local information (KFLNLI). The algorithm adopts a self-integration method to introduce local and non-local information of images, which solves the common problems of current clustering algorithm. Firstly, the self-integration method solves the problem of selecting spatial constraint parameters. The algorithm uses continuous self-learning iteration to calculate the weight coefficients; Secondly, the distance metric uses Gaussian kernel function to induce the distance to further enhance the robustness against noise and the adaptivity of processing different images; Finally, both local and non-local information are introduced to achieve a segmentation effect that can eliminate most of the noise and retain the original details of the image. Experimental results show that the algorithm is superior to existing state-of-the-art fuzzy clustering-related algorithm in the presence of high noise.

scholarly journals A General Spatio-Temporal Clustering-Based Non-Local Formulation for Multiscale Modeling of Compartmentalized Reservoirs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Amir Salehi ◽  
Gill Hetz ◽  
Feyisayo Olalotiti-lawal ◽  
Hamed Darabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiscale Modeling ◽  
Temporal Clustering ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Individual preferences for voluntary vs. mandatory vaccination policies: an experimental analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas W Meier ◽  
Robert Böhm ◽  
Lars Korn ◽  
Cornelia Betsch
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Mandatory Policy ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

Abstract Background More and more countries are discussing the introduction of mandatory vaccination policies. Yet, little is known about individuals’ actual preferences for voluntary vs. mandatory vaccination policies, and the psychological processes underlying such preferences. Objective of the present research was to investigate the development of individual preferences for voluntary and mandatory vaccination policies. Methods We conducted a controlled laboratory study (N = 168) using a repeated interactive vaccination game with decision-contingent monetary incentives. In each round, participants decided in favour of either a voluntary or a mandatory vaccination policy, followed by the vaccination decision (voluntary policy) or vaccination (mandatory policy) which both resulted in actual (financial) consequences. Results We observe large heterogeneity in participants’ preferences for the voluntary vs. mandatory policy. Under voluntary vaccination, the preference for the mandatory policy increased with decreasing vaccination rates (and increasing risk of infection). In contrast, experiencing vaccine-adverse events under mandatory vaccination increased the preference for the voluntary policy. The latter effect was larger for individuals with a negative (vs. positive) attitude toward vaccination. Overall, as individuals gathered experiences under both the voluntary and the mandatory policy, the preference for voluntary vaccination policy increased over time. Conclusions Individuals are more willing to accept mandatory vaccination policies when vaccination rates are low. In the long run, the occurrence of vaccine-adverse events may spark opposition to mandatory vaccination.

scholarly journals Collective vibrations of a hydrodynamic active lattice

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2239) ◽  
pp. 20200155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Thomson ◽  
M. Durey ◽  
R. R. Rosales
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamical System ◽  
Bath Surface ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamical ◽  
Weakly Nonlinear ◽  
New Class ◽  
Subcritical Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Geometrical Constraints ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Collective Vibrations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Recent experiments show that quasi-one-dimensional lattices of self-propelled droplets exhibit collective instabilities in the form of out-of-phase oscillations and solitary-like waves. This hydrodynamic lattice is driven by the external forcing of a vertically vibrating fluid bath, which invokes a field of subcritical Faraday waves on the bath surface, mediating the spatio-temporal droplet coupling. By modelling the droplet lattice as a memory-endowed system with spatially non-local coupling, we herein rationalize the form and onset of instability in this new class of dynamical oscillator. We identify the memory-driven instability of the lattice as a function of the number of droplets, and determine equispaced lattice configurations precluded by geometrical constraints. Each memory-driven instability is then classified as either a super- or subcritical Hopf bifurcation via a systematic weakly nonlinear analysis, rationalizing experimental observations. We further discover a previously unreported symmetry-breaking instability, manifest as an oscillatory–rotary motion of the lattice. Numerical simulations support our findings and prompt further investigations of this nonlinear dynamical system.

scholarly journals Individual Preferences for Voluntary vs. Mandatory Vaccination Policies: An Experimental Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Meier ◽  
Robert Böhm ◽  
Lars Korn ◽  
Cornelia Betsch
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Mandatory Policy ◽  
Voluntary Vaccination

Background: More and more countries are discussing the introduction of mandatory vaccinationpolicies. Yet, little is known about individuals’ actual preferences for voluntary vs. mandatory vaccination policies, and the psychological processes underlying such preferences. Objective of the present research was to investigate the development of individual preferences for voluntary and mandatory vaccination policies.Methods: We conducted a controlled laboratory study (N = 168) using a repeated interactive vaccination game with decision-contingent monetary incentives. In each round, participants decided in favour of either a voluntary or a mandatory vaccination policy, followed by the vaccination decision (voluntary policy) or vaccination (mandatory policy) which both resulted in actual (financial) consequences.Results: We observe large heterogeneity in participants’ preferences for the voluntary vs. mandatory policy. Under voluntary vaccination, the preference for the mandatory policy increased with decreasing vaccination rates (and increasing risk of infection). In contrast, experiencing vaccine- adverse events under mandatory vaccination increased the preference for the voluntary policy. The latter effect was larger for individuals with a negative (vs. positive) attitude towards vaccination. Overall, as individuals gathered experiences under both the voluntary and the mandatory policy, the preference for voluntary vaccination policy increased over time.Conclusions: Individuals are more willing to accept mandatory vaccination policies when vaccination rates are low. In the long run, the occurrence of vaccine-adverse events may spark opposition to mandatory vaccination policy.

scholarly journals Non-local multiscale approaches for tumour-oncolytic viruses interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (99) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Abdulhamed Alsisi ◽  
Raluca Eftimie ◽  
Dumitru Trucu
Keyword(s):  
Moving Boundary ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Boundary Model ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Cell Cell

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising treatment for cancer due to the OVs selective ability to infect and replicate inside cancer cells, thus killing them, without harming healthy cells. In this work, we present a new non-local multiscale moving boundary model for the spatio-temporal cancer-OV interactions. This model explores an important double feedback loop that links the macro-scale dynamics of cancer-virus interactions and the micro-scale dynamics of proteolytic activity taking place at the tumour interface. The cancer cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions are assumed to be nonlocal, while the cell-virus interactions are assumed local. With the help of this model we investigate computationally various cancer treatment scenarios involving oncolytic viruses (i.e., the effect of injecting the OV inside the tumour, or outside it). Moreover, we investigate the effect of different cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction strengths on the success of OV spreading throughout the tumour, and the effect of constant or density-dependent virus diffusion coefficients on viral spread.

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