scholarly journals Additional Egg Disruption Techniques Facilitate Better DNA Yield for Species Level Identification of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Mehru Nisha ◽  
Muhammad Reduwan Su ◽  
Nurul Nadiah ◽  
Fabian Davamani
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Dna Yield ◽  
Level Identification

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS FROM KOSHI REGION OF NORTH BIHAR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.

scholarly journals First Report of a Gall Midge Species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Associated With Pistachios

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshid O Sirjani ◽  
Edwin E Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
First Report ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
First Time ◽  
Level Identification

Abstract A new dipterous pest is reported, for the first time, on commercial pistachios from Sirjan, Kerman province, Iran. The genus of the insect was determined to be Resseliella Seitner (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Adults are light brown to brown in color and 0.8–1.5 mm in length with females, generally, slightly larger than males. Females have an elongated ovipositor, which is characteristic of the genus. Larvae are orange in color, 2–3 mm in length in the later instars, feed under bark without inducing galls, and cause branch dieback on trees of various ages. Brown to black discolorations are observed on plant tissues under bark where the larvae feed. Infestations observed on current and the previous—year’s growths, ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 cm in diameter, and all located in outer branches. Dry leaves and fruit clusters on infested branches remain attached, which may be used to recognize infestation by the gall midge. Dark-colored, sunken spots with splits on the bark located at the base of the wilted sections of the shoots also are symptoms of Resseliella sp. larval activity. Species-level identification of the gall midge is currently underway.

scholarly journals Avaliação da contaminação experimental de areias de praias por enteroparasitas: pesquisa de ovos de Helmintos

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Pereira da Silva ◽  
Mauro Célio de A. Marzochi ◽  
Elisabeth Cardoso Leal dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura

Procurou-se avaliar métodos e soluções tradicionalmente utilizados na evidenciação de ovos de helmintos parásitos, de fezes ou do solo, em amostras de areia de praia experimentalmente contaminadas com ovos de Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp. Das soluções classicamente utilizadas, a de Dicromato de Sódio (d= 1,350) foi a que apresentou melhores resultados (índice de recuperação = 50%) para ovos de Ascaris, em 24 horas de observação. As duas soluções propostas: Carbonato de Sódio (d= 1,040) e Detergente aniônico sintético - Sulfonato de Sódio (d= 1,040), apresentaram índices de recuperação surpreendentes, superiores a 80% para os ovos de Ascaris, em 24 horas de observação. Conclui-se que o detergente de uso doméstico, pelo seu baixo custo e facilidade de aquisição, pode ser usado na avaliação de rotina da contaminação de areias de praias pelos ovos de enteroparasitos, importantes indicadores de contaminação fecal, necessários a um adequado monitoramento sanitário do meio.

scholarly journals Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as a Reliable Tool to Identify Species of Catalase-negative Gram-positive Cocci not Belonging to the Streptococcus Genus

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Almuzara ◽  
Claudia Barberis ◽  
Viviana Rojas Velázquez ◽  
Maria Soledad Ramirez ◽  
Angela Famiglietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Tof Ms

Objective:To evaluate the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) by using 190 Catalase-negative Gram-Positive Cocci (GPC) clinical isolates.Methods:All isolates were identified by conventional phenotypic tests following the proposed scheme by Ruoff and Christensen and MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics, BD, Bremen, Germany). Two different extraction methods (direct transfer formic acid method on spot and ethanol formic acid extraction method) and different cut-offs for genus/specie level identification were used. The score cut-offs recommended by the manufacturer (≥ 2.000 for species-level, 1.700 to 1.999 for genus level and <1.700 no reliable identification) and lower cut-off scores (≥1.500 for genus level, ≥ 1.700 for species-level and score <1.500 no reliable identification) were considered for identification. A minimum difference of 10% between the top and next closest score was required for a different genus or species.MALDI-TOF MS identification was considered correct when the result obtained from MS database agreed with the phenotypic identification result.When both methods gave discordant results, the 16S rDNA orsodAgenes sequencing was considered as the gold standard identification method. The results obtained by MS concordant with genes sequencing, although discordant with conventional phenotyping, were considered correct. MS results discordant with 16S orsodA identification were considered incorrect.Results:Using the score cut-offs recommended by the manufacturer, 97.37% and 81.05% were correctly identified to genus and species level, respectively. On the other hand, using lower cut-off scores for identification, 97.89% and 94.21% isolates were correctly identified to genus and species level respectively by MALDI-TOF MS and no significant differences between the results obtained with two extraction methods were obtained.Conclusion:The results obtained suggest that MALDI-TOF MS has the potential of being an accurate tool for Catalase-negative GPC identification even for those species with difficult diagnosis asHelcococcus,Abiotrophia,Granulicatella, among others. Nevertheless, expansion of the library, especially including more strains with different spectra on the same species might overcome potential “intraspecies” variability problems. Moreover, a decrease of the identification scores for species and genus-level identification must be considered since it may improve the MALDI-TOF MS accuracy.

scholarly journals Um estudo sôbre a eosinofilia nas helmintoses

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Gomes de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale

1 - Foram examinadas as fezes de 2.666 indivíduos, operários e funcionários de duas Emprésas industriais, situadas, uma na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e outra no Estado do Rio (Brasil); 2 - Dos 2.666 indivíduos, 1941 (72.80%) estavam parasitados por um ou mais helmintos e 725 (27,20%) tinham seus exames de fezes negativos; 3 - De cada um dos 2.666 indivíduos foi feito um hemograma completo, tendo sido aproveitada a taxa de eosinófilos que, em associação com os exames de fezes, constituiu o objeto principal dêste trabalho. 4 - Na Tabela A observa-se o número de vêzes em que cada um dos vermes foi observado e seus respectivos percentuais. Embora não seja um trabalho de epidemiologia, verifica-se que 46,81% são infestados pelo Trichuris trichiura; 23,85% pelo Strongyloides stercoralis; 22,46% pelo Necator americanus e/ou Ancylostoma duodenale; 20,51% pelo Ascaris lumbricóides; 1,65% pelo Schistosoma mansoni; 0.67% pelo Enterobius vermicularis; 0,26% por Taenia solium ou T. saginata e 0,11% por Hymenolepis nana; 5 - Os exames de fezes foram feitos pelos métodos de Faust (ou de Ritchie), de Willis, de Baermann e de sedimentação; 6 - A eosinofilia anotada foi a relativa ou em seu percentual, sendo considerada hipereosinofilia uma taxa de eosinófilos igual ou superior a 5% (Eo > 5%); 7 - Foram abordados de modo conciso os fatores que provocam oscilações na eosinofilia normal tais como a idade, a raça, as horas do nictêmero, os fatores físicos, o sexo, os fatores químicos e outros; 8 - Tratou-se de modo mais extenso das diferenças entre as hipereosinofilias parasitárias e não parasitárias, tendo sido focalizada a dinâmica da eosinofilia traduzida na curva de Lavier. 9 - A distribuição dos 2.666 casos foi feita pelos diferentes graus de eosinofilia, tendo sido levantados gráficos e traçadas curvas sôbre a distribuição de cada helminto e de suas associações. 10 - Por ser necessário à explanação do assunto, foi criado o "índice eosinofilico", o qual corresponde à relação entre o número de casos de um determinado grupo com Eo > 5% e Eo < 5%. Para o total de casos positivos, ao "índice eosinofílico" denominamos "índice eosinofílico médio" em para o total dos negativos "índice eosinofílico residual"; 11 - Estabelecendo-se o "índice eosinofílico", pode-se ajuizar a capacidade eosinofilogênica de cada helminto isoladamente, bem como a de suas associações; 12 - Atenção especial foi dada aos problemas da existência da hipereosinofilia nos casos com exames coprológicos negativos para helmintos, tendo-se passado em revista vários dos aspectos biológicos que o assunto comporta; 13 - Outra questão de grande importância clínica explanada neste trabalho é a do encontro de casos de parasitismo por vermes, sem hipereosinofilia. O autor, baseado em seus dados e em outros colhidos na literatura sôbre o assunto, discute a fisiopatologia da eosinopoiese nas helmintoses e ojerece uma interpretação para êste fato ainda não defintivamente esclarecido.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis-infected and uninfected children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Simarmata ◽  
Tiangsa Sembiring ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in developing countries. Their prevalence is particularly high in rural areas with people of low socioeconomic level. A single or mixed STH infection rarely causes death, but can affect nutritional status, growth, cognitive development and human health, especially in children.Objective To compare the nutritional status of STH-infected and uninfected children.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2010 in children from 3 primary schools in the Simpang Empat and Kabanjahe Subdistricts, Karo District, North Sumatera Province. Fecal examinations were done by the Kato-Katz method to diagnose STH infections. Participants of this study consisted of 140 infected children and 141 uninfected children. Nutritional status classification was based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts. All categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results Of 140 infected children, 8.6% were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 17.1% with Trichuris trichiura and 74.3% with mixed infections (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). We found significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also found significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity.Conclusion We find significantly more STH infected children with mild to moderate malnutrition than the uninfected group. We also find significantly more mildly to moderately malnourished children with moderate infection intensity than mild infection intensity. Higher severity of infection is associated with lower nutritional status.

scholarly journals Risk factors of soil transmitted helminth infection among primary school students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
I Gede Gita Sastrawan ◽  
Jordaniel Setiabudi ◽  
Ni Putu Sanjiwani ◽  
Ni Komang Indriyani ◽  
Dewa Ayu Laksemi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated

Latar belakang: Infeksi kronis dari soil transmitted helminth (STH) dapat menyebabkan gangguan gizi, pertumbuhan dan kognitif pada anak. Untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi STH, diperlukan identifikasi faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH pada siswa sekolah dasar di Desa Seraya Timur, Karangasem, Bali. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan mengambil total sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2020. Data primer mengenai faktor-faktor risiko infeksi STH dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Diagnosis infeksi STH dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tinja dengan metode Kato-Katz. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square untuk menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Hasil: Sebanyak 83 siswa yang berusia 6-12 tahun berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat 9 siswa (10.84%) yang terinfeksi STH dengan intensitas infeksi ringan. Sebanyak 55.56% terinfeksi Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides dan 11.11% terinfeksi cacing tambang. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan infeksi STH diantaranya adalah sering bermain tanah (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), bermain tanpa alas kaki (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278) tidak mencuci tangan setelah bermain tanah (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) dan tidak memotong kuku secara rutin (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388).  Pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan mampu memberikan efek proteksi terhadap infeksi STH (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Kesimpulan: Kebersihan diri menjadi faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan infeksi STH. Direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan promosi kesehatan terkait kebersihan diri disamping pemberian obat cacing setiap enam bulan. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, infeksi STH, anak sekolah dasar   Abstract   Background: Chronic soil transmitted helminth (STH) infection might cause nutritional, growth and cognitive impairment in children. Identifying the risk factors of STH infection is crucially needed to minimize the infection effects. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with STH infections among primary school students in Seraya Timur Village, Karangasem, Bali. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sampling method. The study was conducted in January 2020. Risk factors data were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of STH infection was done by stool examination with the Kato-Katz method. The chi-square test was used to determine the risk factors associated with STH infection. Results: 83 students with ages ranging from 6-12 years participated in this study. There were 9 students (10.84%) whose infected with mild infection of STH. 55.56% of students were infected by Trichuris trichiura, 33.33% were Ascaris lumbricoides infections and 11.11% were hookworm infections. There were several risk factors that significantly associated with STH infection including ground’s playing (OR=6.86; 95%CI 1.326-35.494), barefoot (OR=10.5; 95%CI 1.249-88.278), did not wash hands after playing soil (OR=9.450; 95%CI 1.809-49.358) and did not routinely cut their nails (OR=6.462; 95%CI 1.250-33.388). Deworming every six months could provide a protective effect against STH infection (OR=0.085; 95%CI 0.016-0.449). Conclusion: Personal hygiene is a risk factor associated with STH infection. It is recommended to increase personal hygiene promotion besides dewormed every six months. Keywords: Risk factors, STH infection, primary school students

scholarly journals Assessing universality of DNA barcoding in geographically isolated selected desert medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Tahir ◽  
Fatma Hussain ◽  
Nisar Ahmed ◽  
Abdolbaset Ghorbani ◽  
Amer Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Level Identification ◽  
Geographically Isolated

In pursuit of developing fast and accurate species-level molecular identification methods, we tested six DNA barcodes, namely ITS2, matK, rbcLa, ITS2+matK, ITS2+rbcLa, matK+rbcLa and ITS2+matK+rbcLa, for their capacity to identify frequently consumed but geographically isolated medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae indigenous to the desert of Cholistan. Data were analysed by BLASTn sequence similarity, pairwise sequence divergence in TAXONDNA, and phylogenetic (neighbour-joining and maximum-likelihood trees) methods. Comparison of six barcode regions showed that ITS2 has the highest number of variable sites (209/360) for tested Fabaceae and (106/365) Poaceae species, the highest species-level identification (40%) in BLASTn procedure, distinct DNA barcoding gap, 100% correct species identification in BM and BCM functions of TAXONDNA, and clear cladding pattern with high nodal support in phylogenetic trees in both families. ITS2+matK+rbcLa followed ITS2 in its species-level identification capacity. The study was concluded with advocating the DNA barcoding as an effective tool for species identification and ITS2 as the best barcode region in identifying medicinal species of Fabaceae and Poaceae. Current research has practical implementation potential in the fields of pharmaco-vigilance, trade of medicinal plants and biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals Enteroparasitoses em gestantes e puérperas no Rio de Janeiro

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lêda Maria da Costa Macedo ◽  
Luis Rey
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura

A prevalência de parasitoses intestinais foi determinada em 795 mulheres distribuídas em grupos de 490 gestantes, 201 não-gestantes (controle) e 104 puérperas, no período de novembro de 1989 a maio de 1991, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Exames coproparasitológicos foram realizados pelos métodos de Sedimentação por Centrifugação, Faust, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes. A prevalência de enteroparasitoses entre os grupos de gestantes (37,6%) e o grupo-controle (38,3%) pelo método de sedimentação por centrifugação foi praticamente igual, apesar de estar o primeiro grupo regularmente assistido por serviços especializados de saúde. Ascaris lumbricoides e Trichuris trichiura foram os parasitos mais freqüentes (em torno de 30,0%). Quando métodos mais específicos foram aplicados em 168 amostras de gestantes, o percentual foi elevado para 53,6%. Houve diferença estatística significativa entre a taxa de gestantes e puérperas (69,2%). Estes achados mostram a pouca atenção dispensada a estas infecções durante a gestação, não obstante relatos anteriores das possíveis repercussões para o feto e o recém-nascido.

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