Brackish Water Desalination is the Merely Potable Water Potential in the Gaza Strip: Prospective and Limitations

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hisham Hilles ◽  
Husam Al-Najar
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
The Gaza Strip

scholarly journals Large-scale brackish water desalination plants in Gaza Strip: assessments and improvements

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Mogheir ◽  
Ahmad A. Foul ◽  
A. A. Abuhabib ◽  
A. W. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Desalination Plants

Water scarcity is a serious challenge in the Gaza Strip, a region that is mostly considered to be semi-arid. In this region, the population's options for provision of potable water are limited to desalination of saline groundwater. Six large brackish water desalination plants (BWDPs) and one seawater desalination plant are operating and providing drinking water along with small private plants. The BWDPs were assessed in terms of operational conditions and quality of their feed and permeate with the aim of estimating essential improvements required as well as performance significance. All these plants are reverse osmosis plants and their operational conditions are similar in terms of production, recovery rate, and energy consumption. The quality of the plants’ feed was found not to comply with WHO and Palestinian Standards in most cases, unlike the permeate from all plants. The assessment made through this study assists in better understanding of the current situation of the large-scale desalination plants in Gaza and recommending essential improvements needed to increase water production of these plants without increasing abstraction and feed quantities. In addition, multi-criteria analysis used to evaluate BWDPs performance may assist in prioritizing improvements application.

Assessment of large scale brackish water desalination plants in the Gaza Strip

Desalination ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunes Mogheir ◽  
Ahmad A. Foul ◽  
A.A. Abuhabib ◽  
A.W. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Desalination Plants

Strategy of water desalination in the Gaza Strip

Desalination ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 156 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebhy El Sheikh ◽  
Mohammad Ahmed ◽  
Sami Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Brackish water RO desalination plant in the Gaza Strip

Desalination ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Frenkel ◽  
Tamir Gourgi
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
The Gaza Strip

scholarly journals Development of Hybrid and Templated Silica-P123 Membranes for Brackish Water Desalination

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Muthia Elma ◽  
Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti ◽  
Noor Maizura Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Roil Bilad ◽  
Aulia Rahma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Alumina Support ◽  
Set Up

Water scarcity is still a pressing issue in many regions. The application of membrane technology through water desalination to convert brackish to potable water is a promising technology to solve this issue. This study compared the performance of templated TEOS-P123 and ES40-P123 hybrid membranes for brackish water desalination. The membranes were prepared by the sol–gel method by employing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) for the carbon-templated silica (soft template) and ethyl silicate (ES40) for the hybrid organo-silica. Both sols were templated by adding 35 wt.% of pluronic triblock copolymer (P123) as the carbon source. The silica-templated sols were dip-coated onto alumina support (four layers) and were calcined by using the RTP (rapid thermal processing) method. The prepared membranes were tested using pervaporation set up at room temperature (~25 °C) using brackish water (0.3 and 1 wt.%) as the feed. It was found that the hybrid membrane exhibited the highest specific surface area (6.72 m2·g−1), pore size (3.67 nm), and pore volume (0.45 cm3·g−1). The hybrid ES40-P123 was twice thicker (2 μm) than TEOS-P123-templated membranes (1 μm). Lastly, the hybrid ES40-P123 displayed highest water flux of 6.2 kg·m−2·h−1. Both membranes showed excellent robustness and salt rejections of >99%.

scholarly journals Energy evaluation and treatment efficiency of vacuum membrane distillation for brackish water desalination

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ramezanianpour ◽  
Muttucumaru Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Vacuum Membrane Distillation

Strict environmental regulations have led to the rapid development of membrane separation technologies for the production of potable water, for industrial water supply, and for the reuse and discharge of treated wastewater. Promotion of water recycling and the provision of potable water from brackish water prevent significant negative effects on the environment and drinking water supplies. This study is intended to describe and compare a sustainable technology for brackish water treatment. Among the four configurations of the membrane distillation process, vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) produces higher flux and results in a low fouling rate. It comprises evaporation and condensation that mimics what occurs in nature. Mathematical models proposed for the VMD transport mechanisms are incorporated to predict the actual experimental flux. The response of the flux rate to various process operating parameters is demonstrated. Variation of effective parameters is investigated in terms of energy consumption. The data indicate that the permeate flux is highly responsive to the variation of pressure and temperature. VMD enables the removal of 99.9% of total dissolved solids from natural and contaminated water sources. The findings are that the quality of the permeate water from all sources was at acceptable standards for potable use.

Potential of Nanofiltration for Brackish Water Desalination in Gaza Strip

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2356-2358
Author(s):  
A A. Abuhabib ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad ◽  
Rakmi Abd-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Salt Rejection ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
And Performance

Nanofiltration membranes have proven their applicability in desalination as well as many other fields in water and wastewater industries. Two commercial nanofiltration membranes denoted as NF and ASP30 were chosen to be investigated in terms of their characteristics and performance in order to determine their suitability and applicability for brackish water desalination in Gaza Strip. In this work, membranes flux and rejection of two additional salts (Na2SO4 and KCl) is reported. Both membranes showed higher rejection rate for Na2SO4 (99% for NF and 75% for ASP30) when compared to KCl (36% for NF and 32% for ASP30). ASP30 had higher flux for both salts solutions (110 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for Na2SO4 and 121 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for KCl) while NF membrane had lower flux for both of them (78.4 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for Na2SO4 and 72.5 L.mˉ².hˉ¹ for KCl). In addition, the variation of salt rejection versus permeation provides a possibility of optimizing operational conditions of both membranes. The results indicated good potential in applying both membranes to desalinate brackish water of Gaza Strip which is characterized by up to 2000 mg/l TDS of which Chloride is up to 700 mg/l.

scholarly journals Low Volume Water Desalination in the Gaza Strip – Al Salam Small Scale RO Water Desalination Plant Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Shatat ◽  
Karen Arakelyan ◽  
Omar Shatat ◽  
Tim Forster ◽  
Ashraf Mushtaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Gaza Strip
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