Effects of Dietary Protein on Ruminal Fermentation, Nitrogen Utilization and Crude Protein Maintenance in Growing Thai-indigenous Beef Cattle Fed Rice Straw as Roughage

Shengchang Chen; Pramote Paengkoum; Xianlin Xia; Pongchan Na-Lumpang

doi:10.3923/javaa.2010.2396.2400

Effects of Supplementation with Royal Poinciana Seed Meal (Delonix regia) on Ruminal Fermentation Pattern, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Blood Metabolites and Mitigation of Methane Emissions in Native Thai Beef Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090625 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 625 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Metha Wanapat ◽

Suban Foiklang ◽

Pin Chanjula

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Fermentation Efficiency

The object of this present work was to determine the effects of supplementation with pellets containing royal poinciana seed meal (PEREM) on feed use, ruminal fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites and mitigation of methane (CH4) emissions in cattle. The animals used in this experiment were four male Thai native beef cattle (Bos indicus) with initial body weights (BWs) of 125 ± 5.0 kg. Each of the animals were randomly assigned to receive PEREM doses at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d, respectively, according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Concentrates were fed at 0.5% BW daily, and rice straw was fed ad libitum. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) on intakes of rice straw, concentrate and total diet. The intake of nutrients did not change among the levels of PEREM supplementation (p > 0.05), except for an intake of crude protein, which was linearly enhanced when increasing the dose of PEREM (p < 0.05). The inclusion of different doses of PEREM did not adversely affect the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (p > 0.05). Adding various doses of PEREM did not alter ruminal pH and ruminal temperature, while concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen were significantly increased with an increased dose of PEREM supplementation (p < 0.01). The increasing doses of PEREM linearly reduced protozoal numbers (p < 0.01), with the lowest concentration when PEREM was added at 150 g. PEREM supplementation did not change (p > 0.05) the concentration of acetic acid or butyric acid or the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid. Nevertheless, the total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid content were changed among PEREM levels (p < 0.05), which were linearly increased with an increasing dose of PEREM. At 4 h post feeding, the CH4 concentrations in the rumen of the animal were linearly reduced when the dose of pellets was increased (p < 0.01). In addition, the inclusion of PEREM did not adversely affect other blood metabolites, namely total protein, creatinine and albumin (p > 0.05). Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial N synthesis were linearly enhanced when increasing levels of PEREM were added. The feeding of PEREM at 150 g/d might be an alternative with the potential to improve rumen fermentation efficiency and reduce the environmental effects produced by ruminants.

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Influence of Supplementing Sesbania grandiflora Pod Meal at Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Feed Intake, Fermentation Characteristics, and Methane Mitigation in Thai Purebred Beef Cattle

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8020035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Narirat Unnawong ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Latin Square ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Utilization ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and Sesbania grandiflora pod meal (SG) supplementation on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation in Thai purebred beef cattle. Four cattle with 100 ± 5.0 kg body weight were used in this study. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a 4 × 4 Latin square design was conducted, in which factor A was the CP levels in concentrate of 14% and 16% of dry matter (DM) and factor B was the supplement levels of SG at 0.4% and 0.6% DM intake, respectively. The results showed that the CP content in concentrate and SG supplementation had no interaction effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal ecologies, ruminal fermentation products, and nitrogen utilization. Increasing CP content to 16% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrogen (N) intake, N absorption, and N retention. SG supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) decreased CP digestibility, NH3-N, blood urea nitrogen, and protozoa. In addition, SG significantly decreased acetate (C2), acetate to propionate ratio, methane, and fecal N excretion, while it significantly increased total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and propionate (C3) concentration. In conclusion, SG could mitigate methane emission and enhance nitrogen utilization.

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Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.39492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 39492 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽

Luiz Henrique Xavier da Silva ◽

Tatiana García Díaz ◽

Antonio Ferriani Branco ◽

Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Sunflower Cake

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products.

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Effect of Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performance, Blood Biochemistry Profile, Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Carcass and Meat Quality of Heavy Fattening Assaf Lambs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2177

Author(s):

Cristina Saro ◽

Javier Mateo ◽

Irma Caro ◽

Diego Eloy Carballo ◽

Miguel Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Protein Content ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Acid Base ◽

Acid Base Status

Thirty Assaf male lambs (30 ± 1.9 kg of body weight) were allocated to three groups fed diets differing in their crude protein (CP) contents (low protein (LP), 134 g CP/kg dry matter (DM); medium protein (MP), 157 g CP/kg DM; and high protein (HP), 173 g CP/kg DM) to test the effect of dietary protein content on animal performance, rumen function, animal health, and carcass and meat quality. Feed intake was recorded daily, and animals were weighed every second week. Lambs were blood-sampled to determine their acid–base status and biochemical profile. After 70 days of trial, lambs were slaughtered, and the ruminal content was collected to assess ruminal fermentation. Finally, carcass and meat quality were evaluated. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased (p < 0.05) when increasing the level of dietary CP. There were not significant differences (p > 0.05) in the evaluated parameters in the rumen fluid of lambs. There were not significant differences in carcass or meat quality (p > 0.05) and in those parameters related to blood acid–base status. Several biochemical parameters showed differences depending on diet CP level (urea, protein, albumin, glucose, and calcium; p < 0.05). Feeding costs calculated in relation to cold carcass weight decreased when dietary CP decreased. The results suggested that a dietary protein content greater than 157 g/kg DM would be required to maximize growth performance in Assaf male fattening lambs under 50 kg of body weight. However, a protein content beyond that level was not found to improve either carcass or meat quality and could worsen profitability.

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Efek Perbedaan Komposisi Konsentrat terhadap Perbaikan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v7i2.1052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Susi Dwi Widyawati

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Rumen Microbes

Since rice straw is seasonal and low quality roughage, thus, a supplementation for it is needed. Lamtoro leaf meal (LLM) and soybean meal (SBM), have both soluble and bypass protein, so it enough potential to supply nutrients to optimize of rumen microbes and improve animal performance. Supplementation with LLM or SBM significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fiber intake (P<0.05). This fact showed that LLM or SBM supplementation made an improvement of rumen fermentation by microbes. Comparison between LLM and SBM to basal diet clearly showed that basal diet was the lowest (P<0.05) nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility, however, the animal fed basal diet degraded crude fiber was not affected. It has been shown that supplementation with lamtoro leaf meal or soybean meal were palatable, fermentable and reasonably digestible. Therefore, the use of these feedstuffs as supplement to rice straw are strongly recommended. Key words : concentrate, PO beef cattle, performance, digestibility

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Pleurotus Ostreatus and Volvariella Volvacea Can Enhance the Quality of Purple Field Corn Stover and Modulate Ruminal Fermentation and Feed Utilization in Tropical Beef Cattle

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1084

Author(s):

Benjamad Khonkhaeng ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Crude Protein ◽

White Rot Fungi ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

White Rot ◽

Field Corn

This objective is to elucidate the effect of purple field corn stover treated with Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvarialla volvacea on feed utilization, ruminal ecology, and CH4 synthesis in tropical beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle (100 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW) were assigned randomly as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A (roughage sources) was rice straw and purple field corn stover and factor B was species of white-rot fungi (P. ostreatus and V. volvacea). After fermentation, crude protein (CP) was increased in rice straw and purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. The unfermented purple field corn stover contained 11.8% dry matter (DM) of monomeric anthocyanin (MAC), whereas the MAC concentration decreased when purple field corn stover was fermented with white rot fungi. There were no changes (p > 0.05) in DM intake of body weight (BW) kg/d and g/kg BW0.75 among the four treatments. The organic matter (OM), CP, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake were different between rice straw and purple field corn stover and were the greatest in the purple field corn stover group. Moreover, the current study showed that neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF digestion was higher in purple field corn stover than in rice straw, but there were no significant differences between P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. There were significant effects of roughage sources on ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) at 4 h after feeding. Bacterial population was changed by feeding with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. On the other hand, the number of protozoa was reduced by approximately 33% at 4 h after feeding with purple field corn stover (p < 0.01). Propionic acid concentration was different between roughage sources (p < 0.01) enhanced with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea. In addition, methane production decreased by 15% with purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea compared to rice straw. There were significant differences on all nitrogen balances parameters (p < 0.05), except the fecal N excretion (p > 0.05) were not changed. Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial N synthesis were enhanced when purple field corn stover fermented with P. ostreatus and V. volvacea was fed compared to rice straw group. Base on this study, it could be summarized that P. ostreatus or V. volvacea can enhance the quality of purple field corn stover and modulate rumen fermentation and feed digestion in Thai native beef cattle.

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Effects of essential oils of Cashew and Castor on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 2057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sabrina Marcantonio Coneglian ◽

Roman David Castañeda Serrano ◽

Olga Teresa Barreto Cruz ◽

Antonio Ferriani Branco

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Ruminal Ph

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of essential oils of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Ricinus communis (Castor) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 5x5 Latin square design (21 days period). The treatments were control MON (0.2 g monensin animal day-1¬) and 1, 2, 4 and 8 g EO animal day-1 (Essential oils - Oligobasics®). All the animals had a basal diet, corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) of 80:20 concentrate:forage ratio. Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives were determined over five consecutive days in each period. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced by treatments (P > 0.05). However, increasing levels of EO showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.014) above 2 g animal day-1 on the ruminal pH. The excretion of allantoin and uric acid were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), but levels above 2 g day decreased the synthesis of microbial proteins (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the EO of A. occidentale and R. comunnis effectively controlled ruminal fermentation as well as sodium monensin at the studied levels. EOs have the potential to be used in place of monensin in the studied levels.

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Dried Rumen Digesta Pellet Can Enhance Nitrogen Utilization in Thai Native, Wagyu-Crossbred Cattle Fed Rice Straw Based Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10010056 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nitrogen Utilization ◽

Crossbred Cattle ◽

N Retention ◽

Ruminal Microorganisms ◽

N Utilization ◽

Nitrogen Intake

The goal of the current research was to study the effects of a diet of dried rumen digesta pellets (DRDP) on diet utilization, ruminal microorganisms, and ruminal microbes in Thai native, Wagyu-crossbred cattle. Four Thai native, Wagyu-crossbred, beef cattle were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to supplement DRDP levels at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/d, respectively. Rice straw intake, total intake, and estimated energy intake varied significantly among the different DRDP levels. Nitrogen intake, apparent N absorption, and apparent N retention were significantly enhanced when compared to the 0 g/d DRDP. DRDP supplementation at 150 g/d produced the greatest apparent digestibility of crude protein compared to the group that was not fed DRDP. Supplementation of DRDP did not alter the population of protozoa, whereas the addition of 150 g DRDP significantly increased the fungal zoospore. Supplementation of DRDP at various levels did not change the concentration of volatile fatty acid (VFA) or the VFA profiles. Thus, DRDP could be an alternative strategic supplement for Thai-native, Wagyu-crossbred cattle in order to enhance N utilization and fungal zoospores.

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Influence of Supplementing Sesbania Grandiflora Pod Meal at Two Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Feed Intake, Fermentation Characteristics, and Methane Mitigation in Thai Purebred Beef Cattle

10.20944/preprints202012.0351.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Narirat Unnawong ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Ch4 Production ◽

Sesbania Grandiflora ◽

N Concentration

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) levels in concentrate and Sesbania grandiflora pod meal (SG) supplementations on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and methane (CH4) mitigation in Thai purebred beef cattle. Four cattle with 100 ± 5.0 kg body weight were used in this study. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment in a 4 × 4 Latin square design were conducted, in which factor A was the CP contents in concentrate of 14, and 16% of dry matter (DM) and factor B was the supplement contents of SG at 0.4% and 0.6% DM intake, respectively. The results showed that the CP contents in concentrate and SG had no interaction effect on intake, digestibility, ruminal ecologies, ruminal fermentation products, and nitrogen utilization. Increasing CP contents in concentrate did not influence DM intake and nutrients’ digestibility, and SG supplementation at 0.6% significantly (P<0.05) decreased CP digestibility. Increasing CP content to 16% increased significantly (P<0.05) the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration while decreased significantly (P<0.05) the NH3-N concentration, protozoal number, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at 4 h post-feeding. The 0.6% supplementation of the SG increased significantly average total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and propionate (C3) concentration while decreased significantly average acetate (C2), C2:C3 ratio, and CH4 production, which was 2.71% for C2, 13.17% for C2:C3 ratio, and 4.37% for CH4 production lower than 0.4% supplementation. Fecal nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased when supplemented with 0.6% of the SG. In conclusion, 0.6% of the SG supplementation showed a greater effect on intake, rumen manipulation, and CH4 mitigation and would recommend supplementation to a concentrate-based diet containing either 14% or 16% CP content.

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Digestion of concentrates in sheep

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19710053 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 477-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

E. R. Ørskov ◽

C. Fraser ◽

I. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Diaminopimelic Acid ◽

Considerable Variability ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

The Mean

1. The effect of the extent of ruminal fermentation of starch on the postruminal digestion of starch and protein was investigated in sheep, differences in rumen fermentation being obtained by giving diets based on barley, maize, or maize plus sodium chloride. The mean percentages of starch (α-linked glucose polymers) fermented in the rumen wert 91, 79 and 78 respectively with these diets, but there was considerable variability, particularly with the maize diets.2. When large amounts of starch escaped fermentation in the rumen, substantial quantities passed the terminal ileum and were mostly fermented in the large intestine; the greatest amount of starch found in the faeces was 2 % of intake.3. A decrease in the extent of rumen fermentation of starch was associated with a decrease in the concentration of crude protein and of diaminopimelic acid (DAPA) in the abomasal fluid, but there was no difference in quantity of crude protein disappearing from the small intestine. The concentration of DAPA was greater with the barley diet than with the maize diet, indicating that more dietary protein, originating from maize than from barley, escaped the rumen un-degraded. This conclusion was supported by a greater similarity between the amino acid composition of the abomasal fluid and the diet when maize was given.

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