Broiler Chick Body Weight and Lipid Compositional Changes of the Yolk Sac and Liver as Influenced by Dietary Fat Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Mutayoba ◽  
B.M. Mutayoba ◽  
R.C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Compositional Changes

scholarly journals Regulation of plasma leptin in mice: influence of age, high-fat diet, and fasting

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. R113-R120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ahren ◽  
S. Mansson ◽  
R. L. Gingerich ◽  
P. J. Havel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Background Strain ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Mechanisms regulating circulating leptin are incompletely understood. We developed a radioimmunoassay for mouse leptin to examine the influence of age, dietary fat content, and fasting on plasma concentrations of leptin in the background strain for the ob/ob mouse, the C57BL/6J mouse. Plasma leptin increased with age [5.3 +/- 0.6 ng/ml at 2 mo (n = 23) vs. 14.2 +/- 1.6 ng/ml at 11 mo (n = 15), P < 0.001]. Across all age groups (2-11 mo, n = 160), log plasma leptin correlated with body weight (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001), plasma insulin (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and amount of intra-abdominal fat (r = 0.90, P < 0.001), as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma leptin was increased by a high-fat diet (58% fat for 10 mo) and reduced by fasting for 48 h. The reduction of plasma leptin was correlated with the reduction of plasma insulin (r = 0.43, P = 0.012) but not with the initial body weight or the change in body weight. Moreover, the reduction in plasma leptin by fasting was impaired by high-fat diet. Thus plasma leptin in C57BL/6J mice 1) increases with age or a high-fat diet; 2) correlates with body weight, fat content, and plasma insulin; and 3) is reduced during fasting by an action inhibited by high-fat diet and related to changes of plasma insulin.

Effects of the lipase inhibitor orlistat on intake and preference for dietary fat in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (1) ◽  
pp. R48-R54 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ackroff ◽  
A. Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake

Orlistat (Ols), a potent inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, was added to the fat source (1 or 4 mg Ols/g fat) of a macronutrient self-selection diet fed to adult female rats. The rats responded to the drug-induced reduction in fat absorption by decreasing their dietary fat intake and increasing their protein and carbohydrate intake in a dose-related manner. Total caloric intake also increased, but body weight gain was inhibited compared with the nondrug control group. When Ols was removed from the diet, nutrient selection, caloric intake, and body weight returned to control levels. In additional short-term experiments (30 min/day), rats developed a preference for a plain fat diet over an Ols-fat diet (4 mg/g fat) and also for a cue flavor paired with plain fat over a flavor paired with Ols-fat. Yet, when not given the choice, the rats consumed nearly as much Ols-fat as plain fat diet. These results indicate that, by reducing fat absorption, Ols reduced the attractiveness of dietary fat, although it did not make the fat diet aversive. In clinical use, lipase inhibitors may be effective in reducing dietary fat intake by reducing both the consumption and absorption of fat.

Influence of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate on Food Intake, Body Weight and Body Fat of Adult Dogs

1978 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Romsos ◽  
M. J. Hornshuh ◽  
G. A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat

scholarly journals Maternal low-protein diet programmes offspring growth in association with alterations in yolk leptin deposition and gene expression in yolk-sac membrane, hypothalamus and muscle of developing Langshan chicken embryos

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiqing Rao ◽  
Jingjing Xie ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Roland Grossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Offspring Growth

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the influence of maternal low-protein (LP) diet on offspring growth in the chicken. One hundred and twenty Chinese inbred Langshan breeder hens were allocated randomly into two groups fed diets containing low (10 %, LP) or normal (15 %) crude protein levels. Low dietary protein did not affect the body weight of hens, but significantly decreased the laying rate and egg weight. The yolk leptin content was significantly lower in eggs laid by LP hens, while no differences were detected for yolk contents of corticosterone, tri-iodothyronine (T3) or thyroxine. Despite significantly lower hatch weight, the LP offspring demonstrated obviously higher serum T3 concentration, which is in accordance with the faster post-hatch growth rate achieving significantly heavier body weight and pectoralis major muscle weight 4 weeks post-hatching. Expression of 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20-HSD) mRNA in the yolk-sac membrane was significantly down-regulated at embryonic day 14, whereas that of transthyretin and leptin receptor (LepR) was not altered. Moreover, hypothalamic expression of 20-HSD, glucocorticoid receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LepR mRNA was significantly up-regulated in the LP group compared with their control counterparts. In the pectoralis major muscle, significantly higher expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-I receptor mRNA was observed in LP embryos. The present study provides evidence that maternal LP diet programmes post-hatch growth of the offspring. The associated alterations in yolk leptin deposition as well as in yolk-sac membrane, fetal hypothalamus and muscle gene expression may be involved in mediating such programming effect in the chicken.

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

ADDITIVE, NONADDITIVE AND MATERNAL GENETIC EFFECTS ON ADIPOSITY IN MICE FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF FAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Padua Deodato ◽  
E. J. Eisen ◽  
J. M. Leatherwood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
Different Levels

Polygenic obese (M16), nonobese (ICR) and reciprocal crossbred (M16 male × ICR female and ICR male × M16 female) mice were fed ad libitum diets containing 1, 5 or 25% fat from 3 to 10 weeks of age. Epididymal and subcutaneous fat depot weights (E, S) and depot weights as a proportion of empty body weight (E%, S%) were used as measures of adiposity at 6 and 10 weeks of age. Genetic differences in adiposity among the four populations were partitioned into average direct (a), average maternal (m) and direct heterotic (h) effects. Line M16 was greater than ICR at both 6 and 10 weeks in E (81% at 6 weeks and 114% at 10 weeks), S (82%, 73%), E% (27%, 37%) and S% (26%, 12%). Average direct genetic effects, as determined by a, accounted for 60% of the M16 vs. ICR line difference in E and S at six weeks, the remainder of the difference being due to m. The major portion of the line difference in E% and S% at 6 weeks was accounted for by m. At ten weeks of age, most of the line difference in E, S, E% and S% was due to additive direct genetic effects while the contribution of maternal genetic effects was negligible. Heterosis was sizeable for all measures of adiposity, varying from 10.8% in S% at 10 weeks to 26.8% in E at six weeks, possibly indicating the presence of directional dominance. E and E% increased significantly with the increase in dietary fat percent, but S and S% were not affected. Interactions of genotype with level of dietary fat percent were not significant for the epididymal or subcutaneous fat depot weights or proportional weights.

Effect on Body Weight of Replacing Dietary Fat with Olestra for Two or Ten Weeks in Healthy Men and Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli J. Roy ◽  
Marlene M. Most ◽  
Andrea Sparti ◽  
Jennifer C. Lovejoy ◽  
Julia Volaufova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Healthy Men

The Influence of Dietary Fat on Food Intake and Body Weight

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Rolls ◽  
David J. Shide
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document