In vivo and in vitro Reproductive Toxicity Assessment of Ampicillin and Cloxacillin in Mammalian Models

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Raji . ◽  
F.O. Awobajo . ◽  
Olufadekemi . ◽  
T. Kunle-Alabi . ◽  
M.A. Gbadegesin . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assessment

Pharmacokinetic and toxicology assessment of INTERCEPT (S-59 and UVA treated) platelets

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 533-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ciaravino ◽  
T McCullough ◽  
A D Dayan
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Baxter Healthcare ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Toxicology Assessment

The pathogen inactivation process developed by Cerus and Baxter Healthcare Corporations uses the psoralen, S-59 (amotosalen) in an ex vivo photochemical treatment (PCT) process to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and leukocytes in platelet concentrates and plasma. Studies were performed by intravenous infusion of S-59 PCT formulations-compound adsorption device (CAD) treatment and with non-UVA illuminated S-59, using doses that were multiples of potential clinical exposures. The studies comprised full pharmacokinetic, single and repeated-dose (up to 13 weeks duration) toxicity, safety pharmacology (CNS, renal, and cardiovascular), reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity testing in the p53- mouse, vein irritation, and phototoxicity. No specific target organ toxicity (clinical or histopathological), reproductive toxicity, or carcinogenicity was observed. S-59 and/or PCT formulations demonstrated CNS, ECG, and phototoxicity only at supraclinical doses. Based on the extremely large safety margins (>30,000 fold expected clinical exposures), the CNS and ECG observations are not considered to have any toxicological relevance. Additionally, after a complete assessment, mutagenicity and phototoxicity results are not considered relevant for the proposed use of INTERCEPT platelets. Thus, the results of an extensive series of in vitro and in vivo studies have not demonstrated any toxicologically relevant effects of platelet concentrates prepared by the INTERCEPT system.

scholarly journals Toxicity Assessment of Wild Mushrooms from the Western Ghats, India: An in Vitro and Sub-Acute in Vivo Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sai Latha ◽  
S. Naveen ◽  
C. K. Pradeep ◽  
C. Sivaraj ◽  
M. G. Dinesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
The Western Ghats

scholarly journals Silica nanoparticles inducing the apoptosis of spermatocyte cell through microRNA-450b-3p targeting MTCH2-mediating mitochondrial signaling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiqing Zhou ◽  
Jianhui Liu ◽  
Xiangyang Li ◽  
Yujian Sang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are found in environmental particulate matter and are proven to have adverse effects on fertility. The relationship and underlying mechanisms between miRNAs and apoptosis induced by SiNPs during spermatogenesis is currently ambiguous. Experimental design: The present study was designed to investigate the role of miRNA-450b-3p in the reproductive toxicity caused by SiNPs. In vivo, 40 male mice were randomly divided into control and SiNPs groups, 20 per group. The mice in the SiNPs group were administrated 20 mg/kg SiNPs by tracheal perfusion once every 5 days, for 35 days, and the control group were given the equivalent of a normal luminal saline. In vitro, spermatocyte cells were divided into 0 and 5 μg/mL SiNPs groups, after passaged for 30 generations, the GC-2spd cells in 5 μg/mL SiNPs groups were transfected with miRNA-450b-3p and its mimic and inhibitor. Results: In vivo, the results showed that SiNPs damaged tissue structures of testis, decreased the quantity and quality of the sperm, reduced the expression of miR-450b-3p, and increased the protein expressions of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 in the testis. In vitro, SiNPs obviously repressed the viability and increased the LDH level and apoptosis rate, decreased the levels of the miR-450b-3p, significantly enhanced the protein expressions of the MTCH2, BID, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3; while the mimic of miR-450b-3p reversed the changes induced by SiNPs, but inhibitor further promoted the effects induced by SiNPs.Conclusion: The result suggested that SiNPs could induce the spermatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the miR-450b-3p expression to target promoting the MTCH2 resulting in activating mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways in the spermatocyte cells.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as a Feed Additives: Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity in Monogastric Animals

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Horky ◽  
Sylvie Skalickova ◽  
Kristyna Smerkova ◽  
Jiri Skladanka
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Active Substances

Essential oils (EOs) are now a hot topic in finding modern substitutes for antibiotics. Many studies have shown positive results and confirmed their high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Deservedly, there is an attempt to use EOs as a substitute for antibiotics, which are currently limited by legislation in animal breeding. Given the potential of EOs, studies on their fate in the body need to be summarized. The content of EO’s active substances varies depending on growing conditions and consequently on processing and storage. Their content also changes dynamically during the passage through the gastrointestinal tract and their effective concentration can be noticeably diluted at their place of action (small intestine and colon). Based on the solubility of the individual EO’s active substances, they are eliminated from the body at different rates. Despite a strong antimicrobial effect, some oils can be toxic to the body and cause damage to the liver, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tissues. Reproductive toxicity has been reported for Origanum vulgare and Mentha arvensis. Several publications also address the effect on the genome. It has been observed that EOs can show both genoprotective effects (Syzygium aromaticum) and genotoxicity, as is the case of Cinnamomum camphor. This review shows that although oils are mainly studied as promising antimicrobials, it is also important to assess animal safety.

Translocation, biotransformation-related degradation, and toxicity assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified 2H-phase nano-MoS2

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4767-4780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linqiang Mei ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Wenyan Yin ◽  
Xinghua Dong ◽  
Zhao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Assessment

XANES and SR-TXM were used to investigate the fates of MoS2-PVP nanosheets in vivo and in vitro.

Toxicity assessment of nanoparticles in various systems and organs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Wei Zeng ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Yubin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Histopathological Studies

AbstractIn the past decades, much attention has been paid to toxicity assessment of nanoparticles prior to clinical and biological applications. Whilein vitrostudies have been increasing constantly,in vivostudies of nanoparticles have not established a unified system until now. Predictive models and validated standard methods are imperative. This review summarizes the current progress in approaches assessing nanotoxicity in main systems, including the hepatic and renal, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems. Histopathological studies and specific functional examinations in each system are elucidated. Related injury mechanisms are also discussed.

Prediction of in vivo effect levels for reproductive toxicity based on in vitro tests and PBPK modelling

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. S110
Author(s):  
Miriam Verwei ◽  
Ine Waalkens-Berendsen ◽  
Mariska Tegelenbosch-Schouten ◽  
Andreas Freidig ◽  
Cyrille Krul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pbpk Modelling
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