Evolution of Genomes and Genome Relationship among the Rapeseed and Mustard

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Ahmad ◽  
Shahida Hasnain ◽  
Afzal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Genome Relationship ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

scholarly journals Cancer, Retrogenes, and Evolution

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Klaudia Staszak ◽  
Izabela Makałowska
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Additional Gene ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

This review summarizes the knowledge about retrogenes in the context of cancer and evolution. The retroposition, in which the processed mRNA from parental genes undergoes reverse transcription and the resulting cDNA is integrated back into the genome, results in additional copies of existing genes. Despite the initial misconception, retroposition-derived copies can become functional, and due to their role in the molecular evolution of genomes, they have been named the “seeds of evolution”. It is convincing that retrogenes, as important elements involved in the evolution of species, also take part in the evolution of neoplastic tumors at the cell and species levels. The occurrence of specific “resistance mechanisms” to neoplastic transformation in some species has been noted. This phenomenon has been related to additional gene copies, including retrogenes. In addition, the role of retrogenes in the evolution of tumors has been described. Retrogene expression correlates with the occurrence of specific cancer subtypes, their stages, and their response to therapy. Phylogenetic insights into retrogenes show that most cancer-related retrocopies arose in the lineage of primates, and the number of identified cancer-related retrogenes demonstrates that these duplicates are quite important players in human carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Co-evolution of genomes and plasmids within Chlamydia trachomatis and the emergence in Sweden of a new variant strain

BMC Genomics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena MB Seth-Smith ◽  
Simon R Harris ◽  
Kenneth Persson ◽  
Pete Marsh ◽  
Andrew Barron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Variant Strain ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

scholarly journals Evolution of genomes, host shifts and the geographic spread of SARS-CoV and related coronaviruses

Cladistics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Janies ◽  
Farhat Habib ◽  
Boyan Alexandrov ◽  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Diego Pol
Keyword(s):  
Host Shifts ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

scholarly journals Block alignment: New representation and comparison method to study evolution of genomes

Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 1590-1603
Author(s):  
Hossein Lanjanian ◽  
Abbas Nowzari ◽  
Nazanin Hosseinkhan ◽  
Ali Masoudi Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Method ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

Dynamic Evolution of Genomes and the Concept of Genome Space

1999 ◽  
Vol 870 (1 MOLECULAR STR) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW I. BELLGARD ◽  
TAKESHI ITOH ◽  
HIDEMI WATANABE ◽  
TADASHI IMANISHI ◽  
TAKASHI GOJOBORI
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Genome Space ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

scholarly journals Effects of DNA oxidation on the evolution of genomes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sheinman ◽  
Rutger Hermsen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Dna Oxidation ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Mutational Spectrum ◽  
Genomic Approach ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes ◽  
Do So

Oxidation of DNA increases its mutation rate, causing otherwise rare G → T transversions during DNA replication. Here we use a comparative genomic approach to assess the importance of DNA oxidation for the evolution of genomic sequences. To do so, we study the mutational spectrum of Gn-tracks on various timescales, ranging from one human generation to the divergence between primates, and compare it to the properties of guanines oxidation known from experimental and computational studies. Our results suggest that, in short Gntracks (n≤ 3), oxidation does not dominate the mutagenesis of guanines, except in cancerous tumors, especially in lungs. However, we consistently find that the G → T transversion rate is elevated by an order of magnitude in long Gntracks (n≳ 6). In such long Gn-tracks, G → T substitutions in fact dominate the mutational spectrum, suggesting that long Gntracks are oxidized more frequently and/or repaired less efficiently.

scholarly journals Constructing phylogenetic relationship based on the independent selection law of genome sequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Zhenhua Yang ◽  
Zefeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Evolution ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Insect Genome ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
The Given ◽  
Evolution Of Genomes

Abstract Background: Exploring the composition and evolution regularity of genome sequences and constructing phylogenetic relationship by alignment-free method in genome level are high-profile topics. Our previous researches discovered the CG and TA independent selection laws existed in genome sequences by analysis on the spectral features of 8-mer subsets of 920 eukaryote and prokaryote genomes. We found that the evolution state of genomes is determined by the intensity of the two independent selections and the degree of the mutual inhibition between them. Results: In this study, the two independent selection patterns of 22 primate and 28 insect genome sequences were analyzed further. The two complete 8-mer motif sets containing CG or TA dinucleotide and their feature of relative frequency are proposed. We found that the two 8-mer sets and their feature are related directly to sequence evolution of genomes. According to the relative frequency of two 8-mer sets, phylogenetic trees were constructed respectively for the given primate and insect genomes. Through analysis and comparison, we found that our phylogenetic trees are more consistent with the known conclusions. Conclusions: The two kinds of phylogenetic relationships constructed by CG 8-mer set and TA 8-mer set are similar in insect genomes, but the phylogenetic relationship constructed by CG 8-mer set reflect the evolution state of genomes in current age and phylogenetic relationship constructed by TA 8-mer set reflect the evolution state of genomes in a slight earlier period. We thought it is the result that the TA independent selection is repressed by the CG independent selection in the process of genome evolution. Our study provides a theoretical approach to construct more objective evolution relationships in genome level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document