Studies on Low-cost Substrates and Other Cultural Conditions for Optimal Amylase Yield from Aspergillus oryzae-SR2

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
U.O. George-Oka ◽  
F.O. Tasie ◽  
N.C. Anyamene
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cultural Conditions

Further evidence on differentiation of Aspergillus sojae from Aspergillus oryzae by electrophoretic patterns of cellulase, pectin-lyase, and acid proteinase

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nasuno
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Pectin Lyase ◽  
Acid Proteinase ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Aspergillus Sojae ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Species Specific

Cellulase (β-1,4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC. 3.2.1.4), pectin-lyase (EC. 4.2.2.3), and acid proteinase (aspergillopeptidase A) (EC. 3.4.4.17) extracted from wheat bran solid culture of 23 strains of Aspergillus oryzae and 21 strains of Aspergillus sojae showed species-specific patterns on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoretic patterns of the cellulase were independent of age or cultural conditions. The pectin-lyase patterns were also independent of culture age except early phase of growth. The species-specific patterns were clear at the stage of the maximum production of acid proteinase. With the exception of one strain, no variation of the electrophoretic mobilities of these key enzymes were observed between the strains of the same species. The results provide further evidence to support the establishment of A. sojae as a species distinct from A. oryzae and the use of the electrophoretic zymograms as a taxonomic aid.

Biosorption of Rhodamine B Using a Low-Cost Biosorbent Prepared from Inactivated Aspergillus oryzae Cells: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia H. M. Souza ◽  
Vitória F. C. Leme ◽  
Giovanna O. B. Costa ◽  
Karine C. Castro ◽  
Tania R. Giraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermodynamic Studies ◽  
Kinetic Equilibrium

scholarly journals Optimization and scale-up of α-amylase production by Aspergillus oryzae using solid-state fermentation of edible oil cakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Balakrishnan ◽  
G. Jeevarathinam ◽  
S. Kiran Santhosh Kumar ◽  
Iniyakumar Muniraj ◽  
Sivakumar Uthandi
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Amylase Production

Abstract Background Amylases produced by fungi during solid-state fermentation are the most widely used commercial enzymes to meet the ever-increasing demands of the global enzyme market. The use of low-cost substrates to curtail the production cost and reuse solid wastes are seen as viable options for the commercial production of many enzymes. Applications of α-amylases in food, feed, and industrial sectors have increased over the years. Additionally, the demand for processed and ready-to-eat food has increased because of the rapid growth of food-processing industries in developing economies. These factors significantly contribute to the global enzyme market. It is estimated that by the end of 2024, the global α-amylase market would reach USD 320.1 million (Grand View Research Inc., 2016). We produced α-amylase using Aspergillus oryzae and low-cost substrates obtained from edible oil cake, such as groundnut oil cake (GOC), coconut oil cake (COC), sesame oil cake (SOC) by solid-state fermentation. We cultivated the fungus using these nutrient-rich substrates to produce the enzyme. The enzyme was extracted, partially purified, and tested for pH and temperature stability. The effect of pH, incubation period and temperature on α-amylase production using A. oryzae was optimized. Box–Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and determine the effects of all process parameters on α-amylase production. The overall cost economics of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter was also studied. Results The substrate optimization for α-amylase production by the Box–Behnken design of RSM showed GOC as the most suitable substrate for A. oryzae, as evident from its maximum α-amylase production of 9868.12 U/gds. Further optimization of process parameters showed that the initial moisture content of 64%, pH of 4.5, incubation period of 108 h, and temperature of 32.5 °C are optimum conditions for α-amylase production. The production increased by 11.4% (10,994.74 U/gds) by up-scaling and using optimized conditions in a pilot-scale fermenter. The partially purified α-amylase exhibited maximum stability at a pH of 6.0 and a temperature of 55 °C. The overall cost economic studies showed that the partially purified α-amylase could be produced at the rate of Rs. 622/L. Conclusions The process parameters for enhanced α-amylase secretion were analyzed using 3D contour plots by RSM, which showed that contour lines were more oriented toward incubation temperature and pH, having a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the α-amylase activity. The optimized parameters were subsequently employed in a 600 L-pilot-scale fermenter for the α-amylase production. The substrates were rich in nutrients, and supplementation of nutrients was not required. Thus, we have suggested an economically viable process of α-amylase production using a pilot-scale fermenter.

scholarly journals Rapid, Low-Cost, and Ecofriendly Approach for Iron Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Chandra Tarafdar ◽  
Ramesh Raliya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Iron Nanoparticle ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Transmission Electron

Development of reliable and ecofriendly green approach for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles biologically is an important step in the field of application of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The present paper reports the green approach for iron nanoparticle synthesis using Aspergillus oryzae TFR9 using FeCl3 as a precursor metal salt. Valid characterization techniques employed for biosynthesized iron nanoparticles including dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) for morphological study. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum confirmed the presence of elemental iron signal in high percentage. Apart from ecofriendliness and easy availability, low-cost biomass production will be more advantageous when compared to other chemical methods. Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using fungus has greater commercial viability that it may be used in agriculture, biomedicals and engineering sector.

scholarly journals Production of Extracellular Xylanase from Intestinal Bacteria in Termite

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqsud Hossain ◽  
M Aftab Uddin ◽  
M Abdul Malek ◽  
SAM Khairul Bashar ◽  
Parvin Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph

Although the involvement of intestinal bacteria in the degradation of lignocellulosic materials is poorly understood xylanolytic activity of termite has been studied extensively. The present study was designed to identify potential xylanolytic bacteria from termite intestine and the isolated bacterium was studied with a view to preparing low cost medium and optimizing the cultural conditions in Dubos liquid medium. The bacterium produced highest activity of the enzyme (0.86 U/ml) on birchwood xylan as carbon substrate. Wheat bran a relatively cheap lignocellulosic material was found as good inducer of the enzyme. When grown on 4% wheat bran in Dubos liquid medium with an initial pH 6.0 under shaking incubation at 200 rpm at 40°C for 24 h, the bacterium produced the maximum activity of the extracellular xylanase (1.5 U/ml). These results strongly indicated that the bacterium from the intestine in termite is able synthesize xylanase activity on various substrate and the enzyme production can be increased by optimizing the overall cultivation parameters. Keywords: Xylanase; Termite intestinal bacteriaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4874 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 123-127

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

Glass Knife Geometry as Seen by the SEM

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Diamond Knife

In ultramicrotomy, the two basic tool materials are glass and diamond. Glass because of its low cost and ease of manufacture of the knife itself is still widely used despite the superiority of diamond knives in many applications. Both kinds of knives produce plastic deformation in the microtomed section due to the nature of the cutting process and microscopic chips in the edge of the knife. Because glass has no well defined slip planes in its structure (it's an amorphous material), it is very strong and essentially never fails in compression. However, surface flaws produce stress concentrations which reduce the strength of glass to 10,000 to 20,000 psi from its theoretical or flaw free values of 1 to 2 million psi. While the microchips in the edge of the glass or diamond knife are generally too small to be observed in the SEM, the second common type of defect can be identified. This is the striations (also termed the check marks or feathers) which are always present over the entire edge of a glass knife regardless of whether or not they are visable under optical inspection. These steps in the cutting edge can be observed in the SEM by proper preparation of carefully broken knives and orientation of the knife, with respect to the scanning beam.

Spectraplot: A PC-based spectrum translation and display program

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
H. O. Colijn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Error Checking ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The University

Many labs today wish to transfer data between their EDS systems and their existing PCs and minicomputers. Our lab has implemented SpectraPlot, a low- cost PC-based system to allow offline examination and plotting of spectra. We adopted this system in order to make more efficient use of our microscopes and EDS consoles, to provide hardcopy output for an older EDS system, and to allow students to access their data after leaving the university.As shown in Fig. 1, we have three EDS systems (one of which is located in another building) which can store data on 8 inch RT-11 floppy disks. We transfer data from these systems to a DEC MINC computer using “SneakerNet”, which consists of putting on a pair of sneakers and running down the hall. We then use the Hermit file transfer program to download the data files with error checking from the MINC to the PC.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of oriented Co84Cr14Ta2 thin films for longitudinal magnetic recording

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 756-757
Author(s):  
T. P. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Magnetic Alloy ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Transmission Electron

Thin film magnetic media are being used as low cost, high density forms of information storage. The development of this technology requires the study, at the sub-micron level, of morphological, crystallographic, and magnetic properties, throughout the depth of the deposited films. As the microstructure becomes increasingly fine, widi grain sizes approaching 100Å, the unique characterization capabilities of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have become indispensable to the analysis of such thin film magnetic media.Films were deposited at 225°C, on two NiP plated Al substrates, one polished, and one circumferentially textured with a mean roughness of 55Å. Three layers, a 750Å chromium underlayer, a 600Å layer of magnetic alloy of composition Co84Cr14Ta2, and a 300Å amorphous carbon overcoat were then sputter deposited using a dc magnetron system at a power of 1kW, in a chamber evacuated below 10-6 torr and filled to 12μm Ar pressure. The textured medium is presently used in industry owing to its high coercivity, Hc, and relatively low noise. One important feature is that the coercivity in the circumferential read/write direction is significandy higher than that in the radial direction.

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