Natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in various wheat cultivars grown in Jiangsu province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dong ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Concentration ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growing Region ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a major mycotoxin found in wheat infected with Fusarium fungi. DON can be converted by plant detoxification into a form of ‘masked mycotoxin’ termed deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G). To recommend appropriate wheat cultivars for planting in order to reduce DON contamination in Jiangsu province, where a traditional Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemic area is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze-Huaihe, we evaluated the capacity of various wheat cultivars to transform DON into DON-3G under field conditions. We collected and evaluated samples from 11 major wheat cultivars grown in 63 experimental stations in Jiangsu province in 2015 and 2016. All samples were contaminated with DON, with an average concentration of 2,087±112 and 2,601±126 µg/kg in 2015 and 2016, respectively. DON-3G was detected in 425 (96%) and 405 (97%) samples in 2015 and 2016, with an average concentration of 545±28 and 819±44 µg/kg, respectively. The DON-3G/DON ratio ranged from 5 to 84% (average, 30%) in 2015 and from 0 to 71% (average, 31%) in 2016. DON levels were highly correlated with DON-3G concentrations (P<0.01), and the FHB resistance of the wheat cultivars was proportional to their capacity to convert DON to DON-3G. Importantly, region, cultivar, and region × cultivar interaction all significantly affected DON and DON-3G concentrations and DON-3G/DON ratios. In general, FHB-resistant cultivars, such as Sumai 188 and Ningmai 13, had lower levels of DON and DON-3G than the others. However, additional factors, including the growing region and environmental variables, were important for wheat management when other wheat cultivars were evaluated.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Studies Reveal Increased Aggressiveness of Emergent Canadian Fusarium graminearum Chemotypes in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Foroud ◽  
S. P. McCormick ◽  
T. MacMillan ◽  
A. Badea ◽  
D. F. Kendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Double Haploid ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Different Levels

The role of Fusarium graminearum trichothecene-chemotypes in disease outcomes was evaluated by point inoculation in a series of wheat lines with different levels of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Four inocula, each consisting of a composite of four strains with either 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (ADON) chemotypes from “traditional” or emergent populations, a 3-ADON chemotype, or a nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, were compared. The evaluated wheat included Canadian lines with different levels of FHB resistance/susceptibility and double haploid lines developed from crosses of these lines. Highly resistant lines were resistant to infection by all of the F. graminearum chemotypes evaluated. In the moderately susceptible/resistant wheat lines, the 3-ADON producers and the emergent 15-ADON population were, in some instances, more aggressive and resulted in higher Fusarium damaged kernel scores and levels of trichothecene accumulation. The data presented in this study demonstrate the importance of growing highly resistant wheat cultivars in the current climate of an evolving F. graminearum population, and suggest that moderate levels of FHB resistance may not be sufficient to minimize trichothecene contamination of grain from F. graminearum–infected wheat.

scholarly journals In Vitro Quantitative Resistance Components in Wheat Plants to Fusarium Head Blight

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nachaat Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Background: In vitro tools have proved to be very useful in identifying quantitative resistance in wheat to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) infection. However, there is a need to understand how the different in vitro and in planta tests correlate to describe the level of wheat resistance to FHB infection. Objective and Methods: We evaluated the correlation between in vitro symptom assessment using nine quantitative resistance criteria and in planta disease severity for Type II resistance assessment using a set of 16 FHB isolates across two widely grown Syrian wheat cultivars: Cham1 (durum) and Cham6 (bread). Results: Cultivar differences after inoculation with fungal isolates in seedlings and adult plants relative to the controls were detected. There were significant differences in the resistance of two wheat cultivars as measured by adult FHB resistance, Latent Period (LP) of detached leaf inoculation and standardized Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPCstandard) of modified Petri-dish inoculation. Correlation coefficients between FHB severity and the two in vitro components LP and AUDPCstandard were significant (r=0.545 with p<0.05, and r=0.659 with p<0.01, respectively). No significant differences in the resistance of Cham6 and Cham1 were indicated for the other seven in vitro components: incubation period and lesion length of detached leaf inoculation, germination rate reduction and coleoptile length reduction of modified Petri-dish inoculation and lesion length of clip-dipping inoculation and percentage of infected seedlings of foliar-spraying and pin-point inoculations. Results from these seven components were not correlated with adult FHB resistance. Longer latent period and less AUDPCstandard were related to greater FHB disease-type II resistance. Conclusion: LP and AUDPCstandard are indicators of mechanisms of resistance occurring in the whole plant during FHB infection. Therefore, the idea of using in vitro components is based on their predictive ability of in planta adult FHB resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown Under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Scarpino ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
North West ◽  
Modified Mycotoxins ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological condi-tions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring, were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxyniva-lenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse re-lationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxyniva-lenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Converse-ly, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Fusarium head blight resistance exacerbates nutritional loss of wheat grain at elevated CO2

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Hay ◽  
James A. Anderson ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Milagros P. Hojilla-Evangelista ◽  
Gordon W. Selling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance

AbstractThe nutritional integrity of wheat is jeopardized by rapidly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the associated emergence and enhanced virulence of plant pathogens. To evaluate how disease resistance traits may impact wheat climate resilience, 15 wheat cultivars with varying levels of resistance to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) were grown at ambient and elevated CO2. Although all wheat cultivars had increased yield when grown at elevated CO2, the nutritional contents of FHB moderately resistant (MR) cultivars were impacted more than susceptible cultivars. At elevated CO2, the MR cultivars had more significant differences in plant growth, grain protein, starch, fructan, and macro and micro-nutrient content compared with susceptible wheat. Furthermore, changes in protein, starch, phosphorus, and magnesium content were correlated with the cultivar FHB resistance rating, with more FHB resistant cultivars having greater changes in nutrient content. This is the first report of a correlation between the degree of plant pathogen resistance and grain nutritional content loss in response to elevated CO2. Our results demonstrate the importance of identifying wheat cultivars that can maintain nutritional integrity and FHB resistance in future atmospheric CO2 conditions.

scholarly journals Agronomic evaluation of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) resistance in Italian durum wheat cultivars and screening of advanced lines MAS selected for FHB resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (3(32)) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Г. Бентівенга ◽  
М. Камеріні ◽  
А. Белoччі ◽  
М. Форнара ◽  
С. Меллоні ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Masked mycotoxins: does breeding for enhanced Fusarium head blight resistance result in more deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in new wheat varieties?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lemmens ◽  
B. Steiner ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
P. Nicholson ◽  
A. Mesterhazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Highly Correlated

From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON contamination data are highly correlated with DON-3-glucoside concentration data: in other words, reduction of DON content through resistance breeding results in a concomitant reduction in DON-3-glucoside content. (5) The DON-3-glucoside/DON ratio increases with decreasing DON contamination: the most resistant lines with the lowest DON contamination show the highest relative level of DON-3-glucoside to DON. In summary, introgressing FHB resistance reduces both DON and DON-3-glucoside levels in the grain, but the reduction is lower for the masked toxin. DON-3-glucoside can represent a possible hazard to human and animal health, especially in wheat samples contaminated with DON close to permitted limits.

scholarly journals Effect of Wheat Cultivar on the Concentration of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat Stems

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Frederic L. Kolb ◽  
Keith A. Ames ◽  
Carl A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxin ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

Effective control of Fusarium-mycotoxin accumulation in grain affected by Fusarium head blight (FHB) (caused by Fusarium graminearum) begins with selecting moderately resistant wheat cultivars; however, little is known about how this resistance affects mycotoxin levels in the stem. A study was conducted from 2011 to 2014 in a mist-irrigated FHB nursery in Urbana, IL to determine whether the FHB resistance class of a cultivar (very susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, and moderately resistant) affects the concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins in the stem. FHB incidence, FHB severity, and Fusarium-damaged kernel ratings were collected and used to calculate FHB index; incidence, severity, and kernel damage (ISK) index; and deoxynivalenol (DON), incidence, severity, and kernel damage (DISK) index. Grain was assayed for levels of DON, and the bottom 25 cm of plant stems was collected from each plot and assayed for DON, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON), and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON). Significant differences in DON concentration in the grain were detected among cultivars (P = 0.0001) and for the concentration of all DON (P = 0.003), 3ADON (P = 0.03), and 15ADON (P < 0.0001) in the stem. Significant differences among resistance classes were observed for FHB index value (P < 0.0001), ISK index (P = 0.006), and DISK index (P = 0.004). In all years of this study, the concentration of DON in the grain and the concentrations of all mycotoxins in the stem were consistently lower in the moderately resistant cultivars. All three indices were poor indicators of mycotoxin concentrations in the stem. Overall, the selection of a moderately resistant cultivar provides effective control of DON accumulation in the grain and mycotoxin accumulation in the stem.

scholarly journals Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Valentina Scarpino ◽  
Massimo Blandino
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
North West ◽  
Modified Mycotoxins ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological conditions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse relationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Conversely, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.

Field resistance of Martonvásár winter wheat cultivars against Fusarium head blight

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Puskás ◽  
G. Vida ◽  
J. Komáromi ◽  
O. Veisz ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Fifty Triticum aestivum genotypes, including winter wheat cultivars from Martonvásár, were tested for fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance under artificially inoculated conditions. Field resistance, kernel infection, and the relative yield components (test weight, thousand kernel weight and kernel weight/heads) were examined following infection with Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates. Using data from two years, a number of Martonvásár varieties with above-average resistance to FHB were identified. On the basis of field infection, AUDPC values close to those of resistance sources were calculated for the variety Mv Emese, while 67.5% of the varieties tested had values which did not differ significantly from those of the control variety Arina. The yield components examined were modified substantially by artificial FHB infection. The thousand kernel weight and test weight of the variety exhibiting the greatest degree of infection were only 21.14% and 25.58%, respectively, of the untreated control. In one case the decline in the kernel weight/head was more than 90%. The results of multivariable statistical analysis indicated that among the Hungarian wheat genotypes, Bánkúti 1201, B9086-95 (a line derived from Bánkúti 1201), Mv Emese, Martonvásári4 and Mv Táltos could be grouped with the best sources of resistance. The experimental data revealed wide genetic variability for FHB resistance in the Martonvásár breeding stock.

scholarly journals Resistance to Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation among 129 wheat cultivars from different ecological regions in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yan ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
T.A.J. van der Lee ◽  
C. Waalwijk ◽  
A.D. van Diepeningen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
River Region ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

A total of 129 wheat cultivars collected from local breeders in four ecological regions in China was evaluated for Fusarium head blight resistance after natural infection under epidemic conditions. The disease index was scored and seven toxins concentrations were determined by UPLC-MS/MS. The disease index ranged from 6.3 to 80.9% and a strong correlation was found between the regions from which the cultivars originate and disease index. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Region showed the highest disease resistance, followed by the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Region. FHB resistance of cultivars from northern and southern Huanghuai Region was lowest and all cultivars in these regions are highly or moderately susceptible. Disease index was significantly correlated with toxin accumulation on nation scale, but no clear correlation was found within most ecological regions. The toxin accumulation was also not well correlated with resistant levels. As the incidence of FHB has increased dramatically over the last decade, improved FHB resistance in cultivars is urgently needed. We recommend that besides scoring for disease index also mycotoxin accumulation in cultivars is incorporated in breeding procedures and the evaluation of cultivars.

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