Deoxynivalenol and fumonisin exposure in children and adults in a family study in rural Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Gong ◽  
C.P. Shirima ◽  
C. Srey ◽  
M.E. Kimanya ◽  
M.N. Routledge
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Rural Tanzania ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between child and parent exposure and excretion of deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1(FB1), were compared in rural Tanzania. Morning urine samples from matched child-mother-father in 50 families of the Iringa district were collected and analysed for urinary DON and FB1using LC-MS methods. Maize intake was obtained using a seven-day food frequency questionnaire and a duplicate diet method. The urinary DON geometric means were 15.4, 45.0 and 42.0 ng/ml in children, mothers and fathers, respectively, and the urinary FB1were 0.62, 1.25 and 1.38 ng/ml, respectively. Children had significantly lower levels of urinary DON and FB1than their parents (P<0.001 and P=0.009, respectively) but the difference became non-significant when corrected for creatinine concentration. Both DON and FB1were detected in urine samples from all adults and >96% of the children, respectively and were positively correlated between the child and the mother (P=0.007 and 0.02, respectively). DON or FB1biomarkers were not correlated with maize intake. Children who were fully weaned had 3-fold higher urinary DON than those on partial breastfeeding (P=0.002). In adults, maize brew (a local produced beer) showed a strong positive correlation with both urinary DON and FB1levels (P<0.001). The ratio of daily urinary excretion of DON between children and adult, based on assumed urine volume, was 1:2.26, but the excretion of FB1was similar between children and adults. The study showed that DON and FB1exposure are prevalent in rural Tanzania. Further study is required to determine the mechanism for the lower excretion of DON in children compared to adults. There is a good correlation between child and mother’s exposure levels to DON and FB1. Increased exposure risk through maize brew in adults is highlighted in this study.

scholarly journals Perioperative Elevation in Cell-Free DNA Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Possible Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Perioperative Renal Dysfunction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qi ◽  
Tokujiro Uchida ◽  
Mamoru Yamamoto ◽  
Yudai Yamamoto ◽  
Koji Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Multicenter Observational Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background. This study aimed to determine the perioperative change in serum double-strand DNA (dsDNA) as a marker potentially reflecting neutrophil extracellular trap concentration in samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to analyze a relationship between serum dsDNA concentrations and perioperative renal dysfunction. Methods. Serum dsDNA concentrations in samples that were collected during a previously conducted, prospective, multicenter, observational study were measured. Eighty patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were studied. Serum samples were collected at baseline, immediately after surgery, and the day after surgery (POD-1). Results. Serum dsDNA concentration was significantly increased from baseline (median, 398 ng/mL [interquartile range, 372–475 ng/mL]) to immediately after surgery (median, 540 ng/mL [437–682 ng/mL], p<0.001), and they were reduced by POD-1 (median, 323 ng/mL [256–436 ng/mL]). The difference in serum creatinine concentration between baseline and POD-1 was correlated with dsDNA concentration on POD-1 (rs=0.61, p<0.001). Conclusions. In patients undergoing cardiac surgery, serum dsDNA concentration is elevated postoperatively. Prolonged elevation in dsDNA concentration is correlated with perioperative renal dysfunction. Further large-scale studies are needed to determine the relationship between serum concentration of circulating dsDNA and perioperative renal dysfunction.

Relationship between citation counts and Mendeley readership metrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabh Shrivastava ◽  
Preeti Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Bibliometric Indicators ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Scopus Database ◽  
Citation Counts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Social media has given way for the development of various new altmetric indicators. Mendeley readership count is one such indicator. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper aims to investigate the relationship between citation counts and Mendeley readership counts. The paper also evaluates the relationship between Mendeley readership metrics for two different time periods, thereby investigating its nature as an altmetric indicator. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected using the Scopus database. Top 100 papers in Physics published during 2005 as well as in 2010 that received the largest number of citations were selected. Mendeley readership data were collected using Mendeley readership statistics for documents indexed in Scopus. For establishing a relationship between citation counts and Mendeley readership, correlation was calculated between the citations in Scopus database and Mendeley readership. The difference in Mendeley readership for different time periods was also investigated. Findings – The paper showed that for both the years, Mendeley readership counts were in positive correlation with citation counts. For the year 2010, it was found that Mendeley readership counts were in strong positive correlation with citation counts, whereas for 2005, they were in moderate positive correlation. Research limitations/implications – One of the limitations of this paper is that with time more scientists and researchers may join Mendeley causing various changes in data and giving different results. Also, the paper has focused on the highly cited papers in Physics. Originality/value – Very few studies have been conducted in the area of altmetrics, as it is a comparatively new and emerging field of research. The findings of this paper offer insights to the question whether Mendeley readership counts can be used as an alternative to traditional sources of bibliometric indicators like citations, h-index, etc. The paper also evaluates the difference in the nature of traditional bibliometric indicators and Mendeley readership counts.

scholarly journals Trust Your Instincts: The Relationship Between Intuitive Decision Making And Happiness

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Simone S. Stevenson ◽  
Richard E. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Thinking Style ◽  
Decision Style ◽  
Intuitive Thinking ◽  
Cognitive Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Epstein (1994; 2003) proposed that there are two cognitive information processing systems that operate in parallel: the intuitive thinking style and the rational thinking style. Decisional fit occurs when the preferred thinking style is applied to making a decision and research has shown that this fit increases the value of the outcome of a decision. Additionally, decisional fit leads to less regret, even when post hoc evaluations show the decision to be incorrect. It has not yet been determined whether decisional fit correlates with greater happiness and hence, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the difference between styles of thinking, styles of decision making and the impact of decisional fit on happiness scores. Individual differences in thinking and decision style were measured using an online interactive questionnaire (N = 100), and an ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression, and a series of t-tests, were used to investigate the relationship between thinking style, decision style, decisional fit, and happiness, thereby addressing a gap in the existing literature. The major findings from the current study show that intuitive thinking has a strong positive correlation with happiness; that intuitive thinkers are more likely to utilize intuitive decisional style, than rational thinkers; and that when both rational and intuitive thinkers experienced decisional fit, higher ratings of happiness were reported. Explanations and recommendations for future studies are outlined in the discussion.

Survey of Diurnal Weight Gain and Urine Volume in Chronic Schizophrenia*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.V.R. Vieweg ◽  
L.S. Godleski ◽  
P.L. Hundley ◽  
G.R. Yank
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Excretion ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference

We found diurnal weight gain to be abnormal among 39 chronic schizophrenic patients. The patients were weighed and urine samples obtained weekly for three weeks at 7 a.m. and 4 p. m. We normalized the dirunal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. NDWG was 2.075 ± 1.331% for the 38 study patients, .631 ± .405% for 16 acutely psychotic controls and. 511 ± .351% for 29 normals. Seventy-seven percent of the study patients had abnormal NDWG values and 62 % were polyuric. NDWG related to urine volume (n = 39, r = .356, p = .026) with the variability in urine excretion explaining 13% of the variability in NDWG. We discuss factors that may have contributed to our findings.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

The End of the Word as We Know It

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Timothy Beal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cultural Icon ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Material Objectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

This essay attends to a distinction that requires closer examination and theorization in our discourse on iconic books and other scriptures: the difference between iconic object and cultural icon. How do we conceive of relations between the particular, ritualized iconicities of particular scriptures in particular religious contexts and the cultural iconicities of scriptures in general, such as “the Bible” or “the Quran,” whose visual and material objectivity is highly ambiguous? How if at all are the iconic cultural meanings of the ideas of such books related to the particular iconic textual objects more or less instantiate them? These questions are explored through particular focus on the relationship between the particular iconicities of particular print Bibles, as iconic objects, and the general iconicity of the cultural icon of the Bible.

Learning Language Levels in Students Accurate with a History Academic Achievement History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Language Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
The Relationship

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.

Estimation of geographical variation of cancer risks in drinking water in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
K. Ohno ◽  
E. Kadota ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
T. Kamei ◽  
Y. Magara
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plausible Reason

The cancer risks posed by ten substances in raw and purified water were estimated for each municipality in Japan to compare risks between raw and purified water, and inter-municipality. Water concentrations were estimated by use of statistical data. Assigning cancer unit risks to each substance and applying the assumption of additive toxicological effects to multiple carcinogens, total cancer risks of the waters were estimated. As a result, the geometric means of total cancer risks in raw and purified water were 1.16×10−5 and 2.18×10−5, respectively. In raw water, the contribution ratio of arsenic to total cancer risk accounted for 97%. In purified water, that of four trihalomethanes (THMs) accounted for 54%. The increase of total cancer risks in purified water was due to THMs. In regard to the geographical variation, the relationship between population size and total cancer risks were investigated. The result was that there were higher cancer risks in the big cities with the population more than a million both in raw and purified water. One plausible reason for the higher risks in purified water in the big cities is a larger chlorination dose due to the huge water supply areas. The reason for the increase in raw water remained unclear.

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