An outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in horses in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jovanović ◽  
D. Trailović ◽  
V. Kukolj ◽  
S. Nešić ◽  
D. Marinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Feed Samples

This paper reports on an outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in a stable with 100 horses. Twenty-one horses were affected and fifteen died within a month. The animals were not febrile and exhibited poor appetite, somnolence, head pressing, blindness, ataxia, lethargy, and seizures, ending with death. The post mortem examination of the head of one 18-month-old colt revealed large, bilateral, slightly asymmetrical large areas of necrosis of the cerebral white matter. The lesions involved the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes only. Histological findings revealed leukomalacia with necrosis, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, haemorrhage and oedema of the surrounding grey matter. In response to the pathological findings, which indicated equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), feed samples from the premises were tested for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2). The milled maize samples contained 6.0 mg/kg FB1 and 2.4 mg/kg FB2, while the maize bran contained 6.05 mg/kg FB1 and 1.68 mg/kg FB2. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of fumonisin toxicosis. Hence, this report indicates that Serbia is one of the few regions in Europe with proven cases of ELEM.

Spinal cord grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis detected by post-mortem high field MR imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Gilmore ◽  
JJG Geurts ◽  
N Evangelou ◽  
JCJ Bot ◽  
RA van Schijndel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
High Field ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
The Brain

Background Post-mortem studies demonstrate extensive grey matter demyelination in MS, both in the brain and in the spinal cord. However the clinical significance of these plaques is unclear, largely because they are grossly underestimated by MR imaging at conventional field strengths. Indeed post-mortem MR studies suggest the great majority of lesions in the cerebral cortex go undetected, even when performed at high field. Similar studies have not been performed using post-mortem spinal cord material. Aim To assess the sensitivity of high field post-mortem MRI for detecting grey matter lesions in the spinal cord in MS. Methods Autopsy material was obtained from 11 MS cases and 2 controls. Proton Density-weighted images of this formalin-fixed material were acquired at 4.7Tesla before the tissue was sectioned and stained for Myelin Basic Protein. Both the tissue sections and the MR images were scored for grey matter and white matter plaques, with the readers of the MR images being blinded to the histopathology results. Results Our results indicate that post-mortem imaging at 4.7Tesla is highly sensitive for cord lesions, detecting 87% of white matter lesions and 73% of grey matter lesions. The MR changes were highly specific for demyelination, with all lesions scored on MRI corresponding to areas of demyelination. Conclusion Our work suggests that spinal cord grey matter lesions may be detected on MRI more readily than GM lesions in the brain, making the cord a promising site to study the functional consequences of grey matter demyelination in MS.

Diffusion tensor MRI post mortem demonstrated cerebral white matter pathology

2004 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Englund ◽  
Martin Sj�beck ◽  
Sara Brockstedt ◽  
Jimmy L�tt ◽  
Elna-Marie Larsson
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Mri ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
White Matter Pathology

scholarly journals Comparison of the Relationship between Cerebral White Matter and Grey Matter in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Lateral Ventricular Enlargement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0124174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Schmidt ◽  
Steffi Laubner ◽  
Malgorzata Kolecka ◽  
Klaus Failing ◽  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Identification of key molecular biomarkers involved in reactive and neurodegenerative processes present in inherited congenital hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsaida Ojeda-Pérez ◽  
José A. Campos-Sandoval ◽  
María García-Bonilla ◽  
Casimiro Cárdenas-García ◽  
Patricia Páez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Abstract Background Periventricular extracellular oedema, myelin damage, inflammation, and glial reactions are common neuropathological events that occur in the brain in congenital hydrocephalus. The periventricular white matter is the most affected region. The present study aimed to identify altered molecular and cellular biomarkers in the neocortex that can function as potential therapeutic targets to both treat and evaluate recovery from these neurodegenerative conditions. The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus was used for this purpose. Methods The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus with hop gait) and control littermates without hydrocephalus were used in the present work. In tissue sections, the ionic content was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). For the lipid analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed in frozen sections. The expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter was analysed by mass spectrometry. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were studied with immunofluorescence in cerebral sections and whole-mount preparations of the ventricle walls. Results High sodium and chloride concentrations were found indicating oedema conditions in both the periventricular white matter and extending towards the grey matter. Lipid analysis revealed lower levels of two phosphatidylinositol molecular species in the grey matter, indicating that neural functions were altered in the hydrocephalic mice. In addition, the expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter revealed evident deregulation of the processes of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Because of the changes in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the white matter, OPCs were also studied. In hydrocephalic mice, OPCs were found to be reactive, overexpressing the NG2 antigen but not giving rise to an increase in mature oligodendrocytes. The higher levels of the NG2 antigen, diacylglycerophosphoserine and possibly transthyretin in the cerebrum of hydrocephalic hyh mice could indicate cell reactions that may have been triggered by inflammation, neurocytotoxic conditions, and ischaemia. Conclusion Our results identify possible biomarkers of hydrocephalus in the cerebral grey and white matter. In the white matter, OPCs could be reacting to acquire a neuroprotective role or as a delay in the oligodendrocyte maturation.

scholarly journals Adrenoleukodystrophy

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. O’Neill ◽  
Hugo W. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ester Fraction ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Long Chain

SUMMARY:Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked degenerative disease characterized by progressive demyelination and adrenal insufficiency. Several phenotypes are described. In post-mortem tissues there is an accumulation of saturated or mono-unsaturated very long chain fattyacids (VLCFA) in the cholesterol ester fraction of adrenal cortex and cerebral white matter. The accumulated fatty acids are unbranched with carbon chain length between 23 and 32 with most containing 25 or 26 carbons. Determination of VLCFA in readily accessible tissues such as skin fibroblasts and plasma allows for reliable detection of patients and carriers.

Cerebral White Matter Atrophy and Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy D. Vannorsdall ◽  
Vani Rao ◽  
David J. Schretlen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral White Matter
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