Significant higher‐level C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2/3 and chemotactic power in cerebral white matter than grey matter in rat and human.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingdong Zhang ◽  
Xinrui Gong ◽  
Huangui Xiong
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Chemokine Ligand 2

An outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in horses in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jovanović ◽  
D. Trailović ◽  
V. Kukolj ◽  
S. Nešić ◽  
D. Marinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Feed Samples

This paper reports on an outbreak of fumonisin toxicosis in a stable with 100 horses. Twenty-one horses were affected and fifteen died within a month. The animals were not febrile and exhibited poor appetite, somnolence, head pressing, blindness, ataxia, lethargy, and seizures, ending with death. The post mortem examination of the head of one 18-month-old colt revealed large, bilateral, slightly asymmetrical large areas of necrosis of the cerebral white matter. The lesions involved the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes only. Histological findings revealed leukomalacia with necrosis, infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, haemorrhage and oedema of the surrounding grey matter. In response to the pathological findings, which indicated equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), feed samples from the premises were tested for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2). The milled maize samples contained 6.0 mg/kg FB1 and 2.4 mg/kg FB2, while the maize bran contained 6.05 mg/kg FB1 and 1.68 mg/kg FB2. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of fumonisin toxicosis. Hence, this report indicates that Serbia is one of the few regions in Europe with proven cases of ELEM.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Relationship between Cerebral White Matter and Grey Matter in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Lateral Ventricular Enlargement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0124174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Schmidt ◽  
Steffi Laubner ◽  
Malgorzata Kolecka ◽  
Klaus Failing ◽  
Andreas Moritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Identification of key molecular biomarkers involved in reactive and neurodegenerative processes present in inherited congenital hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsaida Ojeda-Pérez ◽  
José A. Campos-Sandoval ◽  
María García-Bonilla ◽  
Casimiro Cárdenas-García ◽  
Patricia Páez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Oligodendrocyte Differentiation

Abstract Background Periventricular extracellular oedema, myelin damage, inflammation, and glial reactions are common neuropathological events that occur in the brain in congenital hydrocephalus. The periventricular white matter is the most affected region. The present study aimed to identify altered molecular and cellular biomarkers in the neocortex that can function as potential therapeutic targets to both treat and evaluate recovery from these neurodegenerative conditions. The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus was used for this purpose. Methods The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus with hop gait) and control littermates without hydrocephalus were used in the present work. In tissue sections, the ionic content was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). For the lipid analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed in frozen sections. The expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter was analysed by mass spectrometry. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were studied with immunofluorescence in cerebral sections and whole-mount preparations of the ventricle walls. Results High sodium and chloride concentrations were found indicating oedema conditions in both the periventricular white matter and extending towards the grey matter. Lipid analysis revealed lower levels of two phosphatidylinositol molecular species in the grey matter, indicating that neural functions were altered in the hydrocephalic mice. In addition, the expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter revealed evident deregulation of the processes of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Because of the changes in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the white matter, OPCs were also studied. In hydrocephalic mice, OPCs were found to be reactive, overexpressing the NG2 antigen but not giving rise to an increase in mature oligodendrocytes. The higher levels of the NG2 antigen, diacylglycerophosphoserine and possibly transthyretin in the cerebrum of hydrocephalic hyh mice could indicate cell reactions that may have been triggered by inflammation, neurocytotoxic conditions, and ischaemia. Conclusion Our results identify possible biomarkers of hydrocephalus in the cerebral grey and white matter. In the white matter, OPCs could be reacting to acquire a neuroprotective role or as a delay in the oligodendrocyte maturation.

Cerebral White Matter Atrophy and Cognitive Dysfunction Following TBI

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy D. Vannorsdall ◽  
Vani Rao ◽  
David J. Schretlen
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral White Matter

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

Effect of the Interaction Between Hypertension and Cerebral White Matter Changes on the Progression of Alzheimer Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Song Chou ◽  
Yi-Hui Kao ◽  
Meng-Ni Wu ◽  
Mei-Chuan Chou ◽  
Chun-Hung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension could play a vital role in Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. However, whether cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension accelerate the AD progression through an independent or interaction effect is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effect of the interactions of cerebrovascular pathologies and hypertension on AD progression. Method: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted to compare AD courses in patients with different severities of cerebral White Matter Changes (WMCs) in relation to hypertension. Annual comprehensive psychometrics were performed. WMCs were rated using a rating scale for Age-related WMCs (ARWMC). Results: In total, 278 patients with sporadic AD were enrolled in this study. The mean age of the patients was 76.6 ± 7.4 years, and 166 patients had hypertension. Among AD patients with hypertension, those with deterioration in clinical dementia rating-sum of box (CDR-SB) and CDR had significantly severe baseline ARWMC scales in total (CDR-SB: 5.8 vs. 3.6, adjusted P = 0.04; CDR: 6.4 vs. 4.4, adjusted P = 0.04) and frontal area (CDR-SB: 2.4 vs. 1.2, adjusted P = 0.01; CDR: 2.4 vs. 1.7, adjusted P < 0.01) compared with those with no deterioration in psychometrics after adjustment for confounders. By contrast, among AD patients without hypertension, no significant differences in ARWMC scales were observed between patients with and without deterioration. Conclusion: The effect of cerebrovascular pathologies on AD progression between those with and without hypertension might differ. An interaction but not independent effect of hypertension and WMCs on the progression of AD is possible.

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