Cross-reactivity of rapid immunochemical methods for mycotoxins detection towards metabolites and masked mycotoxins: the current state of knowledge

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zachariasova ◽  
P. Cuhra ◽  
J. Hajslova
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Assigned Value ◽  
Screening Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immunochemical Methods ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Lateral Flow Test

The cross-reactivity of antibodies employed within immunochemistry-based analytical methods may lead to overestimation of the results. Under certain conditions, specifically when controlling mycotoxin maximum limits serious problems can be encountered. Not only the structurally related mycotoxins, such as their masked (conjugated) forms, but also the unidentified matrix components are responsible for concentration overestimation of respective target analytes. The cross-reactivity phenomenon may also pose a risk of miss-interpretation of the proficiency tests results, when the assigned value becomes influenced by over-estimated results reported by users of immunochemical tests. In this paper, the current state of the knowledge on trueness problems associated with the rapid screening immunochemical methods have been reviewed. Special attention is focused on discussion of cross-reactivity in the ELISA tests, because this rapid test dominates the routine screening practice. However, the cross-reactions reported in lateral flow test strips, fluorescence polarisation immunoassay, or immunosensors have also been addressed.

scholarly journals A Rapid and International Applicable Diagnostic Device for Cobra (Genus Naja) Snakebites

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Lin ◽  
Wang-Chou Sung ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Dong-Zong Hung
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limits ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Diagnostic Device ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Geographical Characteristics

Cobra snakes (genus Naja) are some of the most dangerous snake species in Asia and Africa, as their bites cause severe life-threatening respiratory failure and local tissue destruction, especially in the case of late diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of snakebite envenomation still mainly relies upon symptomatology, the patient’s description, and the experience of physicians. We have designed a rapid test, immunochromatographic test of cobra (ICT-Cobra), which obtained fair results in improving the diagnosis and treatment of Naja (N.) atra snakebites in Taiwan. In this study, we further investigated the feasibility of applying the kit for the detection of other cobra venoms based on the potential interspecies similarity. We firstly demonstrated the cross-reactivity between eight venoms of medically important cobra species and the rabbit anti-N. atra IgG that was used in ICT-Cobra by Western blotting and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, ICT-Cobra was used to detect various concentrations of the eight venoms to elucidate its performance. Noticeable correlations between the cross-reactivity of venoms from genus Naja snakes and existing geographical characteristics were found. ICT-Cobra could detect venoms from other Asian cobras with variable detection limits comparable to those observed for N. atra, but the kit was less successful in the detection of venom from African cobras. The similar but slightly different venom components and the interaction between venom and rabbit anti-N. atra IgG led to variations in the detection limits. The transcontinental usage of ICT-Cobra might be possible due to the cross-reactivity of antibodies and similarities among the larger-sized proteins. This study showed that the close immunological relationships in the genus Naja could be used to develop a venom detection kit for the diagnosis of cobra envenomation in both Asian and African regions. Additional clinical studies and technical adjustments are still needed to improve the efficacy and broadening the application of ICT-Cobra in the future.

scholarly journals Progress in Measurements of 0.1–10 GeV Neutrino–Nucleus Scattering and Anticipated Results from Future Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Mahn ◽  
Chris Marshall ◽  
Callum Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutrino Oscillation ◽  
Neutrino Interactions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nucleus Scattering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Exotic Physics ◽  
Nuclear Targets

Neutrino interactions with nuclei have been the subject of intense interest during the last 15 years. Current and future measurements of neutrino oscillation and exotic physics use order 0.1–10 GeV neutrinos on a range of nuclear targets (12C,16O,40Ar). As the precision of these experiments has increased, information from their detectors and dedicated experiments has indicated deficiencies in the modeling of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. Here, we present the current state of knowledge about neutrino–nucleus interactions, the challenge of extracting the cross section of these processes, and current experimental puzzles in the field. We also look forward to new and novel measurements and future efforts that seek to resolve these questions.

Immunity to tapeworms: intraspecific cross-protective interactions betweenHymenolepis citelli, H. diminutaandH. microstomain mice

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidi T. O. Alghali ◽  
R. K. Grencis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Cyst Infection ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Rejection Mechanism ◽  
The Cross

SUMMARYInteractions between tapeworm species in a single host offer intriguing opportunities for immunological studies that attempt to identify the mechanism(s) underlying protection against cestode infections. Mice that are immunized againstHymenolepis citelliinfections were shown to be refractory to subsequentH. diminutachallenge infections. The reciprocity of the response was also demonstrated, although the protection recorded forH. diminutawhen mice are sensitized withH. citelliis weaker than that observed when mice are primed withH. diminutaagainstH. citellichallenge.H. citelliwas also shown to be expelled simultaneously during the rejection phase ofH. diminutain concurrent infections, indicating the susceptibility of the former tapeworm to the rejection mechanism initiated by the latter.H. microstomaimmunized mice were shown to be strongly protected against heterologousH. citellichallenge. However, mice primed againstH. citelliwere not as strongly protected againstH. microstomachallenge infections: a statistically significant protection was obtained only after a 12-cysticercoidH. citelliprimary infection, although a 6-cyst infection did stunt the growth ofH. microstomachallenge worms. It is presently suggested that the cross-protective responses observed in the study betweenH. citelli, H. diminutaandH. microstomamay have emanated from a specific immunological cross-reactivity due to the sharing of similar immunogens.

scholarly journals Ceftaroline Desensitization Procedure in a Pregnant Patient With Multiple Drug Allergies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Kuhlen ◽  
Kimberly G. Blumenthal ◽  
Caroline L. Sokol ◽  
Diana S. Balekian ◽  
Ana A. Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia

Abstract Validated skin testing is lacking for many drugs, including ceftaroline. The cross-reactivity between ceftaroline and other β-lactam antibiotics is unknown. We report a case of a pregnant patient with cystic fibrosis and multiple drug allergies who required ceftaroline for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and underwent an uncomplicated empiric desensitization procedure.

scholarly journals Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics in children

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic ◽  
Branimir Nestorovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
First Line ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Common Infections

A particular problem is the safety of administering cephalosporins to penicillin-allergic children, because cephalosporin allergenic determinants have not been properly identified. Cephalosporin antibiotics are widely used to treat common infections and are often the first-line prophylaxis before many types of surgery. So the arm of this study is to determine the frequency of allergic reactions of anaphylactic type to cephalosporins and their cross-reactivity with penicillins. At University Children?s Hospital in Belgrade a group of 1,170 children with suspected anaphylactic allergic reaction to penicillins and/or cephalosporins were tested for the last eight years. Skin tests were performed with standard concentration of penicillins and cephalosporins. In children where skin tests were negative single-blind placebo-controlled challenges were performed. In case of positive skin tests further examinations were interrupted and the children were considered allergic to that drug. The frequency of anaphylactic allergic reactions to cephalosporins is 0.2 % to 17 %, and depends on cephalosporins generation. The cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and penicillins is 0.1 % to 14.5 %, and among cephalosporins is 0 % to 11.7 %.

scholarly journals High-throughput immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, considerable differences in performance when comparing three methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Ekelund ◽  
Kim Ekblom ◽  
Sofia Somajo ◽  
Johanna Pattison-Granberg ◽  
Karl Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Lateral Flow Test ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Results

Background: The recently launched high-throughput assays for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 may change the managing strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at investigating the performance of three high-throughput assays and one rapid lateral flow test relative to the recommended criteria defined by regulatory authorities. Methods: A total of 133 samples, including 100 pre-pandemic samples, 20 samples from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals, and 13 potentially cross-reactive samples were analysed with SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Abbott), Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Roche), LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG (DiaSorin) and 2019-nCOV IgG/IgM Rapid Test (Dynamiker Biotechnology Co). Results: All assays performed with a high level of specificity; however, only Abbott reached 100% (95% CI 96.3-100). The pre-pandemic samples analysed with Roche, DiaSorin and Dynamiker Biotechnology resulted in two to three false-positive results per method (specificity 96.9-98.0%). Sensitivity differed more between the assays, Roche exhibiting the highest sensitivity (100%, CI 83.9-100). The corresponding figures for Abbott, DiaSorin and Dynamiker Biotechnology were 85.0%, 77.8% and 75.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the evaluated SARS-CoV-2 assays vary considerably as well as their ability to fulfil the performance criteria proposed by regulatory authorities. Introduction into clinical use in low-prevalent settings, should therefore, be made with caution.

Cross-Reactivity between IgE-Binding Proteins from Anisakis Simplex and Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernardini ◽  
G. Mistrello ◽  
E. Novembre ◽  
D. Roncarolo ◽  
S. Zanotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cross

An association was found between Anisakis simplex (As) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) sensitization. One recent study shows a cross-reactivity between As and Dp and tropomyosin (tr) is suspected as being one of the proteins responsible of this cross-reaction. The aim of our study was: 1) to confirm the cross-reactivity between Dp and As; 2) to determine the importance of tr in this cross reaction. SDS-PAGE analysis of Dp and As (metabolic and somatic) extracts was carried out. Then an IgE immunoblotting test using serum from a patient who had specific IgE only to Dp and As and immunoblotting inhibition experiments using Dp extract and tr as inhibitors were performed. We found that patient's serum reacted: 1) against larval As antigens with a molecular weight (mw) of 25 kilodalton (kD) and a mw > 100 kD, 2) against various metabolic As antigens with a mw > 100 kD, a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD, and a mw around 20 kD, and 3) against Dp proteins with mw between 35 and 55 kD. Preincubation of patient's serum with Dp extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with a mw > 100 kD in both larval and metabolic As extracts and against proteins with mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD in the metabolic As extract. Preincubation of patient's serum with As extract caused the disappearance of reactivity against antigens with mw between 35 and 55 kD in the Dp extract. Pre-incubation of patient's serum with tr did not induce any change in the immunoblotting profile. The results show that 1) cross-reactive components between Dp and As are some proteins with a mw ranging approximately from 35 to 50 kD and with a mw > 100 kD, and 2) tr is not involved in cross-reactivity between As and Dp.

Serum Adsorption Study to Validate the Specificity of a Rapid Test to Detect Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmah Noordin ◽  
Emelia Osman ◽  
Nor Suhada Anuar ◽  
Nor Mustaiqazah Juri ◽  
Anizah Rahumatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Polystyrene Microspheres ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rapid Tests

A lateral flow rapid test for strongyloidiasis will greatly facilitate the control and elimination of the disease. Previously SsRapid™ prototype rapid test showed high diagnostic specificity to detect Strongyloides infection, determined using non-Strongyloides sera negative by IgG-ELISAs. Since high specificity is crucial before a test is used for public health control activities, further validation of its specificity is needed. Also, it needs to be ascertained whether non-Strongyloides sera positive by IgG-ELISAs and SsRapid are truly positive for Strongyloides or are cases of cross-reactivity. We performed 84 rapid tests (two types of dipsticks and cassettes) using 34 serum samples. They were divided into four groups based on Strongyloides infection and coinfection with other parasites and the availability of recombinant proteins and rapid tests for the latter. Sera was adsorbed using polystyrene microspheres beads separately coated with four recombinant parasite proteins. The small sample size is a limitation of this study; however, the overall results showed that the sera adsorption procedure was successful, and the SsRapid test is specific.

scholarly journals Potential Antigenic Cross-reactivity Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Dengue Viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Shlomit Keler ◽  
Rachel Kolodny ◽  
Nir Ben-Tal ◽  
Danit Atias-Varon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Envelope Protein ◽  
False Positive ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Testing

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue fever are difficult to distinguish given shared clinical and laboratory features. Failing to consider COVID-19 due to false-positive dengue serology can have serious implications. We aimed to assess this possible cross-reactivity. Methods We analyzed clinical data and serum samples from 55 individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To assess dengue serology status, we used dengue-specific antibodies by means of lateral-flow rapid test, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we tested SARS-CoV-2 serology status in patients with dengue and performed in-silico protein structural analysis to identify epitope similarities. Results Using the dengue lateral-flow rapid test we detected 12 positive cases out of the 55 (21.8%) COVID-19 patients versus zero positive cases in a control group of 70 healthy individuals (P = 2.5E−5). This includes 9 cases of positive immunoglobulin M (IgM), 2 cases of positive immunoglobulin G (IgG), and 1 case of positive IgM as well as IgG antibodies. ELISA testing for dengue was positive in 2 additional subjects using envelope protein directed antibodies. Out of 95 samples obtained from patients diagnosed with dengue before September 2019, SARS-CoV-2 serology targeting the S protein was positive/equivocal in 21 (22%) (16 IgA, 5 IgG) versus 4 positives/equivocal in 102 controls (4%) (P = 1.6E−4). Subsequent in-silico analysis revealed possible similarities between SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in the HR2 domain of the spike protein and the dengue envelope protein. Conclusions Our findings support possible cross-reactivity between dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2, which can lead to false-positive dengue serology among COVID-19 patients and vice versa. This can have serious consequences for both patient care and public health.

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