scholarly journals Substrate as insect feed for bio-mass production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. Pinotti ◽  
M. Ottoboni
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Insect Biomass ◽  
By Products

Insects are able to convert organic material (i.e. waste and by products) into high-quality biomass, which can be processed into animal feed. Several studies have investigated the influence of growing substrates on the nutritional value of different insect species, particularly black soldier fly larvae and prepupae. This article reviews studies on how insects bioconvert different substrates, the effect of the substrate on the composition of insect meals, and on the development time (time needed to reach the harvesting state). All these studies indicate that insects convert low and high quality organic material (i.e. waste, by products, compound feeds) into high-quality insect biomass. The role and effects of selected nutrients, such as ether extract/fats, carbohydrates and fibre in the substrate, seem to be key factors in defining the features of the biomass as well as the time needed to reach the harvesting state.

scholarly journals Life on a piece of cake: performance and fatty acid profiles of black soldier fly larvae fed oilseed by-products

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S.J.J. Schreven ◽  
S. Yener ◽  
H.J.F. van Valenberg ◽  
M. Dicke ◽  
J.J.A. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
By Products

The oilseed crops Crambe abyssinica and Camelina sativa produce oils rich in erucic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. After pressing the oil, a seed cake remains as a protein-rich by-product. Edible insects may convert this seed press cake and the defatted seed meal produced from it into insect biomass suitable for animal feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSF, Hermetia illucens) can grow on a wide range of organic waste types, but may be hindered by excess protein or the plant toxins characteristic for these two oilseed crops, i.e. glucosinolates and their breakdown products. We tested the effects of 25, 50 and 100% oilseed by-product inclusion in the diet on survival, development, biomass production and fatty acid composition of BSF larvae. Larval performance on diets with up to 50% camelina by-product or 25% crambe by-product was similar to performance on control diet (chicken feed), and decreased with higher inclusion percentages. Larval fatty acid profiles differed significantly among diets, with larvae fed press cake more distinct from control than larvae fed seed meal. Larvae fed camelina press cake had more α-linolenic acid, whereas larvae fed crambe contained most oleic acid. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio decreased with increasing proportion of by-product, especially on camelina diets. Lauric acid content was highest in larvae fed 100% camelina meal or 50% crambe meal. These results indicate that BSF larvae can be successfully grown on diets with camelina or crambe oilseed by-products, and that the resulting larval n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio is favourable for animal feed. However, the fate of glucosinolates and their derivatives remains to be determined, to guarantee chemical safety of camelina- or crambe-fed BSF larvae for animal feed.

scholarly journals Selecting squash (Cucurbita sp.) introductions by seed nutritional quality and seed meal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268
Author(s):  
Sanín Ortiz-Grisales ◽  
Magda-Piedad Valdés-Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Squash (Cucurbita sp.) is widely used in Colombia as both food and animal feed. However, its seeds are discarded. This study  aimed to identify squash genotypes with a high nutritional value in the whole seed meal (WSM) and defatted seed meal (DSM) within a group of 19 introductions (14 of Cucurbita moschata and 5 of C. sororia). For WSM, 70% of the introductions presented above-average values for extract (36.9%) and crude protein (26.34%); the fiber values were 20.34% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 13% acid detergent fiber (ADF). For DSM, 57% of the introductions presented above-average crude protein (43.5%) and 52% above-average crude energy values (4078 cal g-1).  Based on the relative feed value (RFV), introductions 1229, 1200, 1201, 1219 and 1206 were selected for WSM, and 1206 1229, 932, 1200, 786 and 954 were selected for DSM. In the selected C. moschata introductions, parents with general and specific combining abilities for ether extract and crude protein in WSM or high RFV in DSM should be identified. C. soraria introductions 1202 and 954 should be used in crosses that aim to obtain F2 segregants for seeds with a high oil content and high RFV in DSM.

Microbes Associated With Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomiidae) Degradation of Food Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matan Shelomi ◽  
Meng-Kun Wu ◽  
Shu-Min Chen ◽  
Jing-Jiun Huang ◽  
Christopher Glen Burke
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Insect Biomass

Abstract Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae are capable of valorizing waste by converting it into insect biomass that can be used as animal feed, leaving undigested residue that can be used as soil enrichment. Evidence is conflicting over whether larvae fed substrate containing pathogenic microbes emerge uncontaminated. Studies also differ on which clades comprise the species’ gut microbiome, and on whether and how diet affects these microbes. Using culturing and metabarcoding, the bacterial microbiota of black soldier fly larvae reared on two different kinds of food waste (postproduction soy pulp and postconsumer cafeteria waste) were analyzed, along with the microbes of their substrates. Little to no overlap was found between the wastes, the larvae, and the residues, but the larvae fed different foods had a significant percentage of their microbes in common. The data, in line with other works on this species, suggest the larvae have a conserved microbiota whose components vary geographically.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential of Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica as Ruminant Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin ◽  
Najihah Ali ◽  
Nur Adilah Mohd Hanafee ◽  
Serene Liew ◽  
Nur Yuhanis Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Asystasia Gangetica

Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica are extensively prevalent and can be found from tropical Asia to Africa. Both plant samples were found to have a high nutritional value, especially in protein, and to be highly attractive to ruminants. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to measure and compare the nutrient composition of Tridax procumbens and Asystasia gangetica in terms of the nutritional value for ruminants. Both plants samples were collected at Besut campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin. The samples were then washed under tap water to remove foreign matter such as soil to prevent soil contamination in the analysis. Then, the samples were dried in a furnace below 60 - 70˚C and crushed prior to further analysis using proximate analysis. Seven parameters were measured using proximate analysis, which included dry matter (DM), moisture, ash, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The findings in this study show that A. gangetica had significantly higher (p < 0.05) in dry matter (DM) (18.84%), crude protein (CP) (22.27%), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (50.25%). However, T. procumbens showed the highest nutrient in moisture (88.70%), ash (12.15%), crude fibre (CF) (25.01%), and ether extract (EE) with 3.71%. Thus, this study revealed that A. gangetica to have a higher potential to be used as an animal feed than T. procumbens.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Doum Fruits Powder on Chemical, Rheological and Nutritional Properties of Toast Bread

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
G. S. El- Hadidy ◽  
E. G. El- Dreny
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Crumb Grain

The aim of study to produce high quality, nutritional value, sensory and rheological properties toast bread from doum fruit powder DFP and wheat flour WF. Four toast were prepared; by substituting wheat flour with 0, 10, 20 and 30% by doum fruit powder (DFP). The chemical, caloric value, physical and sensory properties of toast bread were studied. The results showed that addition of DFP to WF at different proportion due to an increase in water absorption (%), dough softening (B.U), dough development (min) and water holding capacity. Meanwhile, extensibility(mm) decreased in all doughs of DFP (10, 20 and 30%). Energy was decreased by addition of DFP at levels of 20 and 30% of DFP were (15 and 20 cm2), respectively. The results showed that increasing the levels of replacement increased ether extract, ash and crude fiber contents in prepared toast bread compared with control. Minerals of the prepared toast bread showed an increased in Ca, K, Mg and Fe while slightly decreased in P and Mn with increasing the proportions of replacement. The sensory evaluation results showed a significantly increase in the taste, odor, crumb grain and crumb texture by increasing the DFP substitution comparing with control.  Meanwhile, crust color, appearance and overall acceptability decreased than control.

Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽  
Anna S. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

Analisis Nutrisi Umbi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) untuk Konsumsi Bayo dan Anak-anak Suku Dani di Distrik Kurulu Kabupaten Jayawijaya

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Pattikawa ◽  
Antonius Suparno ◽  
Saraswati Prabawardani
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Development Center

<em>Sweet potato is an important staple food crop especially for the local people of Central Highlands Jayawijaya. There are many accessions that have always been maintained its existence to enrich their various uses. Traditionally, sweet potato accessions were grouped based on the utilization, such as for animal feed, cultural ceremonies, consumption for adults, as well as for infants and children. This study was aimed to analyze the nutritional value of sweet potatoes consumed by infants and children of the Dani tribe. Chemical analyses were conducted at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest Research and Development Center, Cimanggu, Bogor. The results showed that each of 4 (four) sweet potato accessions which were consumed by infants and children had good nutrient levels. Accession Sabe showed the highest water content (72.56%), vitamin C (72.71 mg/100 g), Fe (11.85 mg/100 g), and K levels (130.41 mg / 100 grams). The highest levels of protein (1.44%), fat (1.00%), energy (154.43 kkal/100 gram), carbohydrate (35.47%), starch (30.26%), reducing sugar (3.44%), riboflavin (0.18 mg/100 g), and vitamin A (574.40 grams IU/100 were produced by accession Manis. On the other hand, accession Saborok produced the highest value for ash content (1.32%), vitamin E (28.30 mg/100 g), and ?-carotene (64.69 ppm). The highest level of crude fiber (1.81 %) and thiamin (0.36 mg/100 g) was produced by accession Yuaiken.</em>

scholarly journals Composition and Nutritional Value of Acid Oils and Fatty Acid Distillates Used in Animal Feeding

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Elisa Varona ◽  
Alba Tres ◽  
Magdalena Rafecas ◽  
Stefania Vichi ◽  
Ana C. Barroeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
By Products

Acid oils (AO) and fatty acid distillates (FAD) are oil refining by-products rich in free fatty acids. The objective of this study is their characterization and the identification of their sources of variability so that they can be standardized to improve their use as feed ingredients. Samples (n=92) were collected from the Spanish market and the MIU value (sum of moisture, insoluble impurities, and unsaponifiable matter), lipid classes, fatty acid composition, and tocol content were analyzed. Their composition was highly variable even between batches from the same producer. As FAD originated from a distillation step, they showed higher free fatty acid amounts (82.5 vs 57.0 g/100 g, median values), whereas AO maintained higher proportions of moisture, polymers, tri-, di-, and monoacylglycerols. Overall, the MIU value was higher in AO (2.60–18.50 g/100 g in AO vs 0.63-10.44 g/100 g in FAD), with most of the contents of insoluble impurities being higher than those in the guidelines. Tocol and fatty acid composition were influenced by the crude oil’s botanical origin. The calculated dietary energy values were, in general, higher for AO and decreased when a MIU correction factor was applied. The analytical control and standardization of these by-products is of the outmost importance to revalorize them as feed ingredients.

scholarly journals The Potential Utilization of High-Fiber Agricultural By-Products as Monogastric Animal Feed and Feed Additives: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Wen-Yang Chuang ◽  
Li-Jen Lin ◽  
Hsin-Der Shih ◽  
Yih-Min Shy ◽  
Shang-Chang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health It ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Monogastric Animal ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
By Products

With the increase in world food demand, the output of agricultural by-products has also increased. Agricultural by-products not only contain more than 50% dietary fiber but are also rich in functional metabolites such as polyphenol (including flavonoids), that can promote animal health. The utilization of dietary fibers is closely related to their types and characteristics. Contrary to the traditional cognition that dietary fiber reduces animal growth, it can promote animal growth and maintain intestinal health, and even improve meat quality when added in moderate amounts. In addition, pre-fermenting fiber with probiotics or enzymes in a controlled environment can increase dietary fiber availability. Although the use of fiber has a positive effect on animal health, it is still necessary to pay attention to mycotoxin contamination. In summary, this report collates the fiber characteristics of agricultural by-products and their effects on animal health and evaluates the utilization value of agricultural by-products.

scholarly journals Effect of Shielding Gas Volume Flow on the Consistency of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 316L Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Ruochen Ding ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Baorui Du ◽  
Kailun Li ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
By Products

In recent years, selective laser melting (SLM) has been widely used in aerospace, automobile, biomedicine and other fields. However, there still remain many challenges to obtain consistent parts at the different positions on the base plate, which could be harmful to the industrial mass-production. In SLM process, the process by-products that flow with the shielding gas may influence the microstructure and tensile properties of the parts placed on different positions of the base plate. In this study, the velocity field of the shielding gas with different shielding gas volume flows was simulated. The tensile properties of the samples fabricated with different shielding gas volume flow were experimentally studied. The results show that the shielding gas volume flow has a strong influence on the sample consistency, and proper increase in shielding gas volume flows can be beneficial to consistency and tensile strength.

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