Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.): effect on the fat integrity using different approaches to the killing of the prepupae

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Montevecchi ◽  
L. Zanasi ◽  
F. Masino ◽  
L. Maistrello ◽  
A. Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Process Time ◽  
World Population ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Energetic Demand

The increase of waste, due to the rise of the world population, renders the use of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) as agri-food leftover biotransformer very attractive. Indeed, feeding on these substrates, BSF is capable of transforming them into valuable fat, proteins, and chitin. The present study is aimed at evaluating different approaches to the killing of the prepupae in order to assess which is associated with the lowest production of artefacts, notably free fatty acids. Folch extraction method, via an Ultra-Turrax homogeniser, was selected to isolate and analyse prepupal fat. The same method was also applied for a direct grinding method to kill black soldier fly prepupae. The integrity of fat originated from this direct grinding approach to the killing was compared in terms of fatty acid profile with the samples obtained with two other killing procedures, i.e. freezing and blanching. Direct grinding proved to be a better preservative of fat integrity in terms of lowest amount of free fatty acids (about 2.5%) in comparison with freezing (about 15%), but also with blanching (about 10%). Furthermore, the direct grinding is a killing strategy that reduces energetic demand and process time and helps lower analytical costs.

Fatty acids profile of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens): Influence of feeding substrate based on coffee-waste silverskin enriched with microalgae

2020 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 114309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Truzzi ◽  
Elisabetta Giorgini ◽  
Anna Annibaldi ◽  
Matteo Antonucci ◽  
Silvia Illuminati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Coffee Waste ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Feeding Substrate

Enrichment of polyunsaturated fatty acids in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fortified with squid liver oil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
G. Tirtawijaya ◽  
J.-S. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Fly Larvae

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are known as an alternative feed for livestock, but their lack of polyunsaturated fatty acids (such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) makes it less valuable. To overcome these problems, BSFL substrate (chicken feed) was fortified with squid liver oil (SLO) at five different concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%). The growth rate, feed conversion, and nutritional content of BSFL were evaluated at day 15 of rearing. Of the five concentrations, SLO 5% showed the highest growth increase (25.82-fold) among the other treatments (20.63-22.98-fold; P<0.05). The fortification of SLO 5% did not result in differences in survival and feed conversion of larvae compared to larvae fed the control substrate. By rearing BSFL in a substrate containing SLO 5%, the lipid content of the larvae was 32% higher than that of larvae fed the control substrate (P<0.05). The accumulation of lipids was faster in the substrate containing SLO 5% (33.20% for 8 days) than in the control substrate (24.36% for 15 days). The control group of BSFL contained no DHA or EPA, but after rearing on the SLO 5% fortified substrate, the larvae contained DHA at an average level of 2.99 g/100 g lipid and EPA was 2.68 g/100 g lipid. Harvested larvae from SLO 5% treatment was within safe levels of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg (840, 370, 860, and 26.7 μg/kg, respectively), under the EU threshold for animal feed. Based on our results, it concluded that BSFL enriched with PUFAs, DHA and EPA can be considered as important nutritional components of animal feed without excessive heavy metals accumulation by feeding SLO in an appropriate amount.

scholarly journals Estimating concentrations of essential omega-3 fatty acids in the ocean: supply and demand

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Budge ◽  
Emmanuel Devred ◽  
Marie-Hélène Forget ◽  
Venetia Stuart ◽  
M. Kurtis Trzcinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
World Population ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
The World

Abstract Vertebrates have a universal requirement for essential fatty acids (FAs), but in the ocean these FAs are synthesized only by phytoplankton. All other marine organisms must source their essential FA directly from phytoplankton or indirectly through the food web. Thus, the growth and abundance of all organisms in the marine ecosystem is constrained not just by the rate of carbon fixation in photosynthesis but also by the rate of synthesis of essential FAs. Despite the significance of this controlling step, we have had until now only very limited knowledge of the amount, distribution and rate of synthesis of essential FAs in the sea. Here, we report results on the quantity of a specific essential omega-3 FA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the ocean, obtained with a novel application of ocean-colour data collected by remote sensing. Using in situ samples collected in the Northwest Atlantic, we developed a simple model to describe the relationship between total FAs and total chlorophyll-a. We refined these by examining the relationships of FAs produced predominantly by diatoms with the fraction of total chlorophyll-a derived from diatoms. These models were then applied to satellite data to map the distribution of EPA relative to diatom carbon in the Northwest Atlantic. With extrapolation to the global oceans, we were able to provide a first estimate of annual production of EPA, which demonstrated that the supply was barely sufficient to meet the nutritional demand of the world population in the present day; as the world population increases, this resource may become inadequate to meet those demands. This approach will allow us to begin to address issues such as the budget of essential FAs in the ocean and the maximum sustainable rate at which these FAs could be harvested from the ocean without compromising the integrity of the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals ADDRESSING DISTRIBUTIONAL SHORTCOMINGS THROUGH CITΙZEN SCIENCE RECORDS: THE PRESENCE OF HERMETIA ILLUCENS (LINNAEUS, 1758) (DIPTERA STRATIOMYIDAE) IN ALGERIA

Redia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
EVANGELOS KOUTSOUKOS ◽  
CHRISTOS KAZILAS
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
First Record ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Photographic Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is a polysaprophagous species originating from the Nearctic, that has been introduced to various countries throughout the world over the past decades. Even though, the fly has been recorded in several parts of the Mediterranean region and southern Africa, to this day its presence from northern Africa is only known from Morocco. The current study provides the first record of the black soldier fly from Algeria, based on photographic material and supplementing data which were extracted from citizen science observations. The provided material depicts the range expansion of the species throughout the coastal area of the country and provides new insight on the current distribution of the insect in the Mediterranean region, as well as in the continent of Africa. In addition, hypotheses on the possible introduction routes of the black soldier fly in the southwestern Mediterranean region are briefly discussed

GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Dyster-Aas ◽  
C. E. T. Krakau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Serum Calcium Level ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
List Type ◽  
Aqueous Flare ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Blood Aqueous Barrier

ABSTRACT In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH: marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG. There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.

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