Traditional use of fly larvae by small poultry farmers in Benin

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C.B. Pomalégni ◽  
D.S.J.C. Gbemavo ◽  
C.P. Kpadé ◽  
M. Kenis ◽  
G.A. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Large Survey

House fly larvae (Musca domestica) are a suitable and sustainable source of protein for poultry in Africa, but their traditional use in family farming has never been demonstrated and quantified. A large survey among traditional poultry farmers in Benin shows that on the average, 5.7% of them produce house fly larvae to feed their poultry. In one politico-administrative sub-unit (department) 25.7% of farmer feed their poultry with larvae. The farmers using house fly larvae as protein source tend to have a higher income from poultry farming; have higher level of education and a larger flock than those that do not use larvae. They also give termites to their poultry more often than other farmers. Farmers keeping their poultry in confinement also use fly larvae more often than those whose flocks are scavenging. Fly larvae are produced by exposing various wastes as substrates to attract naturally occurring flies. A total of 28 substrates used to produce larvae were cited by farmers. The most cited substrates were soy and maize bran, pig and chicken manure as well as animal cadavers. This information will be used to optimise the dissemination of the use of fly larvae in poultry feed to smallholder farmers in Benin. The fact that poultry farmers already produce fly larvae on farm also provides opportunities to integrate indigenous knowledge in the development of new technologies.

Production of house fly larvae for animal feed through natural oviposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Koné ◽  
M. Sylla ◽  
S. Nacambo ◽  
M. Kenis
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
The Right

Larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica L., are a suitable protein source for incorporation into animal feed. In Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the methods to produce house fly larvae is to expose a substrate to attract naturally-occurring adult flies for oviposition. A production system, described herein, was set up in Mali and the potential of the method was assessed by studying the influence of various parameters on yields. Of four substrate mixtures tested, three, i.e. chicken manure alone, sheep manure and coagulated blood, and chicken manure and coagulated blood provided average yields of 124-144 g of fresh larvae per kg of dry substrate, just three days after the exposure of the substrate to adult flies. However, high variations were observed between and within seasons. In the rainy season, a maximum of 427 g per kg of dry substrate were obtained but, in the dry hot season, yields were much lower. Up to 10 kg of dry substrate can be exposed per m2. Increasing the quantity and proportion of coagulated blood in sheep manure also increases yield, but chicken manure alone is probably the easiest substrate, provided the manure is of high quality and contains the right amount of cellulose. A major limiting factor for the scaling up of this system is the need for a large ground surface to reach an industrial production. Tests have been made with trays placed on shelves and yields decreased rapidly with increasing heights to 67 and 39% at 40 and 114 cm from the ground, respectively. Recommendations for the setting up and optimisation of a house fly larvae production system in West Africa are suggested.

scholarly journals Traditional methods of harvesting termites used as poultry feed in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïchatou Nadia Christelle Dao ◽  
Fernand Sankara ◽  
Salimata Pousga ◽  
Kalifa Coulibaly ◽  
Jacques Philippe Nacoulma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Poultry Farmers

AbstractTermites are commonly used by smallholder farmers in West Africa to feed their poultry. A survey was carried out among poultry farmers in Burkina Faso to gather knowledge on the traditional methods used to obtain termites for poultry feed, to assess which termite genera are collected with which techniques and evaluate prospects for optimising and improving the collection and trapping methods. Data were collected among 1100 poultry farmers in eight regions of Burkina Faso on the harvesting techniques, the termite species and their local names as well as on the use of residues. After the interviews, termite samples were collected with the farmers and identified in the laboratory. At least five termite species were found. Species of the genera Odontotermes, Trinervitermes and Macrotermes are commonly given to chickens and guinea fowls whereas a Cubitermes species is sometimes used to feed guinea fowls. Two categories of methods are used to obtain termites, the direct collection by breaking termite mounds and the trapping of termites in containers filled with organic matters. The harvesting method varies with the termite genus, the region and the season. Different techniques with various types of containers and organic matters are used in the country and these techniques should be tested and compared to recommend the most efficient ones. The enhancement of termite trapping methods and their integration in poultry feed have the potential to significantly improve traditional poultry farming in Burkina Faso.

Potentials of animal, crop and agri-food wastes for the production of fly larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ganda ◽  
E.T. Zannou-Boukari ◽  
M. Kenis ◽  
C.A.A.M. Chrysostome ◽  
G.A. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Republic Of Benin

Fly larvae, in particular those of house fly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), are increasingly considered for animal feed worldwide. A simple way to produce fly larvae is to expose suitable substrates to attract adult flies that will lay eggs in the substrates from where larvae will be subsequently extracted. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal manures and agri-food wastes for maggot production and to identify the fly species developing in the substrates. Experiments were conducted in the Republic of Benin. Twenty-six substrates were left uncovered for 10 hours and maggots were harvested after four days. Fresh substrates were then added to residual substrates and left uncovered for another 10 hours for another production cycle. In total, three production cycles were monitored. In the first cycle, nearly 100% of the flies were house flies but black soldier flies appeared in the following cycles. The result showed that crop and agri-food substrates produced more larvae than manures. The highest yield at the first production cycle was obtained with the mixture of soybean bran and maize grain pericarp. Maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure also showed potential for maggot production. Other substrates such as cow and sheep/goat manure produced nearly no maggot when used alone but the amount of larvae substantially increased when attractants such as chicken offal were added, or when mixed with pig and chicken manure. Production decreased with the production cycles for the majority of substrates, except for mixtures based on spent grain and pineapple grain, which produced a large amount of larva at the second harvest. The activity of maggots led to temperature elevation and reduction of substrate biomass. This study showed that several substrates, in particular soybean bran, maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure show potential for maggot production.

scholarly journals INITIAL EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF SMARTPHONE STEREO-VISION IN MUSEUM VISITS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 837-842
Author(s):  
A. Masiero ◽  
G. Tucci ◽  
A. Conti ◽  
L. Fiorini ◽  
A. Vettore
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
3D Model ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Neural Network Classifier ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Museum Visit

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The recent introduction of new technologies such as augmented reality, machine learning and the worldwide spread of mobile devices provided with imaging, navigation sensors and high computational power can be exploited in order to drammatically change the museum visit experience. Differently from the traditional use of museum docents or audio guides, the introduction of digital technologies already proved to be useful in order to improve the interest of the visitor thanks to the increased interaction and involvement, reached also by means of visual effects and animations. Actually, the availability of 3D representations, augmented reality and navigation abilities directly on the visitor’s device can lead to a personalized visit, enabling the visitor to have an experience tailored on his/her needs. In this framework, this paper aims at investigating the potentialities of smartphone stereo-vision to improve the geometric information about the artworks available on the visitor’s device. More specifically, in this work smartphone stereo-vision will used as a 3D model generation tool in a 3D artwork recognition system based on a neural network classifier.</p>

Food for All in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agricultural Transformation

Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families. This book describes the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and presents the concepts and practices of sustainable intensification as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, the book indicates, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within sustainable intensification: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain. This book envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in sustainable intensification that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership. The book demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met.

Ambiguity Aversion Decreases the Impact of Partial Insurance: Evidence from African Farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1428-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gharad Bryan
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Ambiguity Aversion ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Comparative Statics ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Credit Contracts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Partial Insurance

Abstract Indemnifying smallholder farmers against crop loss is thought to play an important role in encouraging the adoption of new technologies and facilitating productivity growth, but to be infeasible due to information problems. Consequently there is interest in developing alternative, partial, insurance products. Examples include rainfall insurance and the limited liability inherent in credit contracts. I argue that although these products may reduce information asymmetry, ambiguity averse farmers struggle to assess whether the contracts reduce risk. This problem is most pronounced when the production technology is ambiguous, as is likely the case for new technologies. I formalize this argument and test the theory using data from two RCTs, conducted in Malawi and Kenya. Comparative statics from the theory are consistent with both sets of data, and I argue that income losses from ambiguity aversion may be substantial.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Swine Waste by House-Fly Larvae and Evaluation of Their Protein Quality in Rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Iñiguez-Covarrubias ◽  
Ma. J. de Franco-Gömez ◽  
Gpe. del R. Andrade-Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Fly Larvae

Use of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in ruminant production systems in developing countries

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. N. Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
By Products

AbstractRuminant production systems in developing countries could be classified into three categories: the extensive systems, systems incorporating arable cropping and systems integrated with tree cropping. Systems have evolved in response to the agro-ecological environment, the availability and type of land, nature of cropping patterns, frequency and intensity of cropping, area of uncultivated land and animal species and animal numbers.Smallholder livestock farmers in most developing countries appear to have adopted a mixed system that incorporates the traditional extensive system and the system that combines arable cropping with livestock. Both in Africa and in Asia, livestock production is an important component of traditional agriculture, complementing arable cropping. Livestock utilize existing food resources such as communal grazing lands which are marginal for arable cropping, crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. Besides supplying meat and milk, organic manure and draft power, livestock are an investment and an insurance against crop failure.Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products are a major source of nutrients for ruminant livestock in developing countries, especially during periods of fodder shortage. Despite the large research effort on upgrading crop residues in recent years, there has been little improvement in the utilization of crop residues in developing countries. Reasons for this are many but include, the absence of detailed production patterns of crop residues within countries, including when and where they are produced, the difficulties of transporting and storing crop residues, inappropriate technology and the near absence of extension services.Both in the African and Asian continents, smallholder farmers who rear livestock for supplementary income are rather reluctant to change their traditional practices, when new technologies call for extra labour, time and capital, since the methods may be too demanding in relation to the benefit produced. The more likely application of any new technology will be with larger-scale operations where benefits are clearer and sufficiently large to warrant the extra efforts.

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