scholarly journals Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (LP299V®): three decades of research

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
E. Arvidsson Nordström ◽  
C. Teixeira ◽  
C. Montelius ◽  
B. Jeppsson ◽  
N. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wide Range

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the in vitro, animal, and clinical studies with the bacterial strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v (L. plantarum 299v; formerly named Lactobacillus plantarum 299v) published up until June 30, 2020. L. plantarum 299v is the most documented L. plantarum strain in the world, described in over 170 scientific publications out of which more than 60 are human clinical studies. The genome sequence of L. plantarum 299v has been determined and is available in the public domain (GenBank Accession number: NZ_LEAV01000004). The probiotic strain L. plantarum 299v was isolated from healthy human intestinal mucosa three decades ago by scientists at Lund University, Sweden. Thirty years later, a wealth of data coming from in vitro, animal, and clinical studies exist, showing benefits primarily for gastrointestinal health, such as reduced flatulence and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Moreover, several clinical studies have shown positive effects of L. plantarum 299v on iron absorption and more recently also on iron status. L. plantarum 299v is safe for human consumption and does not confer antibiotic resistance. It survives the harsh conditions of the human gastrointestinal tract, adheres to mannose residues on the intestinal epithelial cells and has in some cases been re-isolated more than ten days after administration ceased. Besides studying health benefits, research groups around the globe have investigated L. plantarum 299v in a range of applications and processes. L. plantarum 299v is used in many different food applications as well as in various dietary supplements. In a freeze-dried format, L. plantarum 299v is robust and stable at room temperature, enabling long shelf-lives of consumer healthcare products such as capsules, tablets, or powder sachets. The strain is patent protected for a wide range of indications and applications worldwide as well as trademarked as LP299V®.

scholarly journals Advances in bacterial specific imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wareham ◽  
J. Michael ◽  
Satya Das
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Nuclear medicine is a powerful diagnostic technique able to detect inflammatory foci in human disease. A wide range of agents have been evaluated for their ability to distinguish lesions due to microbial infection from those due to sterile inflammation. Advances continue to be made on the use of radiolabelled antibiotics which as well as being highly specific in the diagnosis of infection may be useful in monitoring the treatment and course of disease. Here we provide an update on in-vitro and clinical studies with a number of established and novel radiopharmaceuticals

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering for the Insertions of Tendons and Ligaments: An Overview of Electrospun Biomaterials and Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sensini ◽  
Gabriele Massafra ◽  
Carlo Gotti ◽  
Andrea Zucchelli ◽  
Luca Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

The musculoskeletal system is composed by hard and soft tissue. These tissues are characterized by a wide range of mechanical properties that cause a progressive transition from one to the other. These material gradients are mandatory to reduce stress concentrations at the junction site. Nature has answered to this topic developing optimized interfaces, which enable a physiological transmission of load in a wide area over the junction. The interfaces connecting tendons and ligaments to bones are called entheses, while the ones between tendons and muscles are named myotendinous junctions. Several injuries can affect muscles, bones, tendons, or ligaments, and they often occur at the junction sites. For this reason, the main aim of the innovative field of the interfacial tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds with biomaterial gradients and mechanical properties to guide the cell growth and differentiation. Among the several strategies explored to mimic these tissues, the electrospinning technique is one of the most promising, allowing to generate polymeric nanofibers similar to the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix. Thanks to its extreme versatility, electrospinning has allowed the production of sophisticated scaffolds suitable for the regeneration of both the entheses and the myotendinous junctions. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant studies that applied electrospinning to produce scaffolds for the regeneration of the enthesis and the myotendinous junction, giving a comprehensive overview on the progress made in the field, in particular focusing on the electrospinning strategies to produce these scaffolds and their mechanical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes.

Polyoxometalates in Biomedicine: Update and Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana B. Čolović ◽  
Milan Lacković ◽  
Jovana Lalatović ◽  
Ali S. Mougharbel ◽  
Ulrich Kortz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Early Transition Metal ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are negatively charged metal-oxo clusters of early transition metal ions in high oxidation states (e.g., WVI, MoVI, VV). POMs are of interest in the fields of catalysis, electronics, magnetic materials and nanotechnology. Moreover, POMs were shown to exhibit biological activities in vitro and in vivo, such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic. Methods: The literature search for this peer-reviewed article was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases with the help of appropriate keywords. Results: This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent studies regarding biological activities of polyoxometalates, and their biomedical applications as promising anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, and anti-diabetic agents. Additionally, their putative mechanisms of action and molecular targets are particularly considered. Conclusion: Although a wide range of biological activities of Polyoxometalates (POMs) has been reported, they are to the best of our knowledge not close to a clinical trial or a final application in the treatment of diabetes or infectious and malignant diseases. Accordingly, further studies should be directed towards determining the mechanism of POM biological actions, which would enable fine-tuning at the molecular level, and consequently efficient action towards biological targets and as low toxicity as possible. Furthermore, biomedical studies should be performed on solutionstable POMs employing physiological conditions and concentrations.

Properties of Bifidobacteria and Their Use for Scientific and Practical Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
L.I. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Made In

Bifidobacteria occupy a special place among various representatives of normal human microbiota. A wide range of probiotic preparations has been obtained based on cultivated strains of various bifidobacteria of the intestinal microbiota. A number of scientific publications noted the immunomodulatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral properties of bifidobacteria in vitro and in vivo. Recently, progress has been made in the research and application of this group of microorganisms in genetic engineering. It was established that vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and antitumor substances can be developed on the basis of various strains of bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria can also be used as adjuvants for other vaccines, as well as delivery systems for biologically active substances to tumors. The prospects for the use of bifidobacteria for the development of recombinant vaccines are discussed. bifidobacteria, medical and biological properties, recombinant vaccines, drug delivery, adjuvants, plasmids This work was funded by the Epidemiology and Microbiology National Research Center. The authors are grateful to V. V. Kuprianov for valuable comments on the text of the review.

Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Farzad Salehpour ◽  
Mahsa Khademi ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM, sometimes accompanied by intranasal PBM, has been tested to improve many brain disorders, including dementia. Objective: To conduct a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the use of PBM, which were considered relevant to dementia. Methods: Literature was searched between 1967 and 2020 using a range of keywords relevant to PBM and dementia. The light source and wavelength(s), output power, irradiance, irradiation time, fluence or total energy (dose), operation mode (continuous or pulsed) irradiation, approach and site, number of treatment sessions, as well as study outcome(s) were extracted. Results: Out of 10,473 initial articles, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles reported in vitro studies, 17 articles reported studies in animal models of dementia, and 10 studies were conducted in dementia patients. All of the included studies reported positive results. The clinical studies were limited by the small number of patients, lack of placebo controls in some instances, and only a few used objective neuroimaging methods. Conclusion: The preliminary evidence of clinical benefit, the lack of any adverse effects, and the remarkable ease of use, suggest larger clinical trials should be conducted as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Responses of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants to Engineered Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Katarina Kralova ◽  
Josef Jampilek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range

Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used by mankind since ancient times. This is primarily due to their healing effects associated with their specific secondary metabolites (some of which are also used as drugs in modern medicine), or their structures, served as a basis for the development of new effective synthetic drugs. One way to increase the production of these secondary metabolites is to use nanoparticles that act as elicitors. However, depending on the specific particle size, composition, concentration, and route of application, nanoparticles may have several other benefits on medicinal and aromatic plants (e.g., increased plant growth, improved photosynthesis, and overall performance). On the other hand, particularly at applications of high concentrations, they are able to damage plants mechanically, adversely affect morphological and biochemical characteristics of plants, and show cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial and adverse effects of metal-, metalloid-, and carbon-based nanoparticles on the germination, growth, and biochemical characteristics of a wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants, including the corresponding mechanisms of action. The positive impact of nanopriming and application of nanosized fertilizers on medicinal and aromatic plants is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the effects of various nanoparticles on the production of valuable secondary metabolites in these plants cultivated in hydroponic systems, soil, hairy root, or in vitro cultures. The beneficial impact of nanoparticles on the alleviation of abiotic stresses in medicinal and aromatic plants is also discussed.

Comparison of a new ELISA assay with the flow cytometric assay for platelet vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation in whole blood to assess P2Y12 inhibition

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (02) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bourguet ◽  
Danièle Boulay-Moine ◽  
Atsuhiro Sugidachi ◽  
Shinji Yamaguchi ◽  
Paul Barragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
P2y12 Receptor ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Vasp Phosphorylation ◽  
P2y12 Antagonists ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryThienopyridines and other agents target the platelet P2Y12 receptor and inhibit several platelet activities mediated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The measurement of vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation, expressed as platelet reactivity index (PRI), mirrors the degree of P2Y12 receptor inhibition and can detect the well-known variable response to clopidogrel. The commercially available VASP assay uses flow cytometry (FC) and requires that the test be run within 48 hours of blood collection. A new ELISA VASP assay offers the advantages of using more widely available technology and the potential to freeze and store samples before analysis. The objectives of the present study were to compare the performance of the ELISA and FC methods and to describe the relative flexibility of the ELISA-based assay. Human blood samples encompassing a wide range of levels of P2Y12 blockade achieved in vitro by preincubation with P2Y12 antagonists or in vivo from patients treated with clopidogrel were included, reflecting the wide spread of values reported in clinical studies. The correlation between the PRI measured by ELISA and FC was highly significant (r=0.95, p<0.001), (n=80). After the initial activation, samples were stable for at least four weeks when frozen (−20°C) prior to analysis by ELISA. Frozen samples from patients treated with clopidogrel appeared stable for up to nine weeks. Based on these results, the ELISA-based assay appears to provide a reliable and more flexible alternative to the FC method to determine P2Y12 receptor blockade and may enable more extensive utilisation of the VASP assay in clinical studies.Note: All work done at BioCytex, Marseille, France and Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan.

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Glioblastoma Cells Display Stem Cell-Like Phenotypes

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Liu ◽  
Paul A. Clark ◽  
John S. Kuo ◽  
Robert F. Kalejta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tumor Phenotype ◽  
Evidence Based Model ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACT A role for HCMV in GBMs remains controversial for several reasons. Some studies find HCMV in GBM tumors, while others do not. Few cells within a GBM may harbor HCMV, making it unclear how the virus could be contributing to the tumor phenotype without infecting every cell. Finally, HCMV does not overtly transform cells in vitro. However, tumors induced by other viruses can be treated with antiviral remedies, and initial results indicate that this may be true for anti-HCMV therapies and GBMs. With such a poor prognosis for GBM patients, any potential new intervention deserves exploration. Our work here describes an evidence-based model for how HCMV could contribute to GBM biology while infecting very few cells and without transforming them. It also illuminates why anti-HCMV treatments may be beneficial to GBM patients. Our observations provide blueprints for future in vitro studies examining how HCMV manipulates stem cell-specific pathways and future clinical studies of anti-HCMV measures as GBM therapeutics. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in adults. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genomes are present in GBM tumors, yielding hope that antiviral treatments could prove therapeutic and improve the poor prognosis of GBM patients. We discovered that GBM cells infected in vitro with HCMV display properties of cancer stem cells. HCMV-infected GBM cells grow more slowly than mock-infected controls, demonstrate a higher capacity for self-renewal determined by a sphere formation assay, and display resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide. Our data suggest that HCMV, while present in only a minority of the cells within a tumor, could contribute to the pathogenesis of GBMs by promoting or prolonging stem cell-like phenotypes, thereby perpetuating tumors in the face of chemotherapy. Importantly, we show that temozolomide sensitivity is restored by the antiviral drug ganciclovir, indicating a potential mechanism underlying the positive effects observed in GBM patients treated with antiviral therapy. IMPORTANCE A role for HCMV in GBMs remains controversial for several reasons. Some studies find HCMV in GBM tumors, while others do not. Few cells within a GBM may harbor HCMV, making it unclear how the virus could be contributing to the tumor phenotype without infecting every cell. Finally, HCMV does not overtly transform cells in vitro. However, tumors induced by other viruses can be treated with antiviral remedies, and initial results indicate that this may be true for anti-HCMV therapies and GBMs. With such a poor prognosis for GBM patients, any potential new intervention deserves exploration. Our work here describes an evidence-based model for how HCMV could contribute to GBM biology while infecting very few cells and without transforming them. It also illuminates why anti-HCMV treatments may be beneficial to GBM patients. Our observations provide blueprints for future in vitro studies examining how HCMV manipulates stem cell-specific pathways and future clinical studies of anti-HCMV measures as GBM therapeutics.

scholarly journals Searching for the mechanisms involved in Antimonium crudum action on macrophage – Leishmania interaction in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 02-04
Author(s):  
Leoni Villano Bonamin ◽  
Renata Rossetini Palombo ◽  
Carolina Shultz Morim ◽  
Sandra AG Pinto ◽  
Luciane Costa Dalboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

In previous studies [1,2] we showed that treatment of mice with Antimonium crudum (Ant-c) 30cH was able to significantly reduce monocyte migration to the infection site after injection of Leishmania (L) amazonensis into the subcutaneous tissue, resulting in clinical improvement. Follow up was performed with an in vitro model, which showed that treatment of co-cultures of RAW 264.7 macrophages and parasites with Ant-c 30cH inhibited two parasite-induced CCL2 peaks 48 and 120 hours after infection together with early inhibition of lysosome activity. These findings explained the results previously obtained in vivo. In turn, treatment with Ant-c 200cH resulted in an early and transitory peak of cell spreading at 48 hours. The coherence between the in vivo and in vitro results indicates that this is a good model to study more thoroughly the mechanisms of action of homeopathic medicines, being the first step to establish correlations between the biological effects and the physical and chemical features of Ant-c 30cH and 200cH. In the present study, the same experimental model was replicated, through comparison of vehicle (30% cereal alcohol), Ant-c 200cH, Zincum metallicum (Zinc) 200cH and Arsenicum album (Ars) 200cH, to confirm the specificity of Ant-c effects. In addition, Ant-c 200cH was ultra-centrifuged, and only the superficial phase was applied to the culture medium. This procedure intended to separate the heavier particles from the lighter ones suspended in the homeopathic medicine. The physical-chemical profile of the medicines was assessed. Solid contaminants (microparticles) in the suspension were analyzed. Conductivity was assessed through measurement of the electron current induced by a micro-amperimeter (Ryodoraku®) connected to 2 clean electrodes immersed in the samples, prepared immediately before the analysis, diluted in pure water (MilliQ, Millipore®) and filtered in 22-µ filter (Millipore®). Pure water was used as control. The device was calibrated immediately before measurements. The microparticle profile was assessed with a scanning electronic microscope - SEM (JEOL JSM 6510®) coupled to an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system to identify the nature of the elements present in each particle. The size and the number of particles were analyzed from the images generated by electronic microscopy with an automatic image analysis system (Metamorph®). For this purpose, all materials used was cleansed through immersion in pure acetone and subjected to 30-minute sonication before insertion into the microscope to avoid secondary contamination. The samples of medicines were subjected to ultra-centrifugation (10000rpm for 60 minutes) to induce particle sedimentation in the bottom of microtubes. 10 microliters of each sample were collected from the bottom of tubes and placed on a copper stub and kept in a closed recipient until the material was fully dry. The samples were directly analyzed with the microscope. Metallization was not necessary, because the analyzed particles had metallic nature. The biological effects of Ant-c 200cH reproduced the previous ones: spreading and phagocytosis index were significantly higher in the co-cultures treated with Ant-c 200cH compared to vehicle and other, non-specific treatments (Ars 200cH and Zinc 200cH) (p=0.05). However, these results were not exhibited by centrifuged Ant-c 200cH. Analysis of the supernatant after 48-hour incubation revealed increase of the GM-CSF content only in cultures treated with Ant-c 200cH and centrifuged-Ant-c 200cH. No change was observed in the cytokine profile in the cultures treated with Ars 200cH or Zinc 200cH. Morphological analysis of Ant-c samples on SEM showed that the microparticles in Ant-c 30cH were smaller compared to Ant-c 6cH, most of them having half-moon shape. Curiously, agglomerates of particles were detected in Ant-c 200cH. Contaminant particles suspended in pure water contained Pb, Zn, Ca, Na, Au, Hg, Nb and Si, therefore, not related to any specific biological effect of Ant-c. P was identified only in Ant-c 30cH (6.51%) and Ant-c 200cH (13.56%). This wide-range profile of different microparticles did not change after centrifugation, which indicates that the weight of these particles is not conditioned by the nature of their component elements. Conductivity was lower in the vehicle (30% alcohol) compared to Ant-c 6, 30 and 200cH (p=0.0001); the conductivity of Ant-c 200cH was the highest (p=0.008). Also Ars 200cH exhibited higher conductivity (p=0.001) compared to the vehicle. Taken together, these data suggest that the biological effect of Ant-c 200cH on macrophage spreading and phagocytosis might be partially related to the size of the microparticles found in suspension. However, specific effects relative to cytokine production did not depend on microparticle size or content. The changes in conductivity changes exhibited correlation with presence of some elements, such as P, but not with any biological effect. To summarize, the results point to the relevance of eventual false-positive effects relative to phagocytosis in macrophages treated with homeopathic medicines in vitro, due to the interference of larger sized microparticles. They also points to the specificity of GM-CSF expression after 48-hours of co-culture exposure to Ant-c 200cH, centrifuged or not, which suggests it was independent from microparticle content and conductivity. The physical-chemical features of homeopathic medicines related to their specific biological effects are still unknown. Additional studies are needed in this regard.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Effects of Centella asiatica on Skin Diseases: Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kyoung Sik Park
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wide Range

The medicinal herb Centella asiatica (L.) Urban known as gotu kola has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. In particular, a significant body of scientific research exists on the therapeutic properties of preparations of C. asiatica or its triterpenes in the treatment of skin diseases. The present study is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of C. asiatica on skin diseases. Peer-reviewed articles on the potent dermatological effects of C. asiatica were acquired from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder. This review provides an understanding of pharmacological studies which confirm the potent dermatological effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of C. asiatica. This medicinal plant and its triterpenes include asiaticoside, madecassoside, and their aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. These compounds exert therapeutic effects on dermatological diseases such as acne, burns, atopic dermatitis, and wounds via NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and STAT signaling in in vitro and in vivo studies. However, additional rigorously controlled long-term clinical trials will be necessary to confirm the full potential of C. asiatica as a therapeutic agent.

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