Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Farzad Salehpour ◽  
Mahsa Khademi ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red and/or near-infrared light from lasers or LEDs to improve a wide range of medical disorders. Transcranial PBM, sometimes accompanied by intranasal PBM, has been tested to improve many brain disorders, including dementia. Objective: To conduct a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines of pre-clinical and clinical studies reporting the use of PBM, which were considered relevant to dementia. Methods: Literature was searched between 1967 and 2020 using a range of keywords relevant to PBM and dementia. The light source and wavelength(s), output power, irradiance, irradiation time, fluence or total energy (dose), operation mode (continuous or pulsed) irradiation, approach and site, number of treatment sessions, as well as study outcome(s) were extracted. Results: Out of 10,473 initial articles, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine articles reported in vitro studies, 17 articles reported studies in animal models of dementia, and 10 studies were conducted in dementia patients. All of the included studies reported positive results. The clinical studies were limited by the small number of patients, lack of placebo controls in some instances, and only a few used objective neuroimaging methods. Conclusion: The preliminary evidence of clinical benefit, the lack of any adverse effects, and the remarkable ease of use, suggest larger clinical trials should be conducted as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Biomedical optical properties of color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1940001
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Ya-Zhou Xue ◽  
Xiao-Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: We study the biomedical optical properties of the color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager. Materials and Methods: The color light and near-infrared fluorescence separated-merged imager can illuminate the visible light and the near-infrared light of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm, receiving the reflected light and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm near-infrared fluorescence, and display the color, fluorescence and merge image. ICG solution of different concentration, including standing time, was allocated to study the best imaging condition in vitro, and the depth of fluorescence penetration was studied with 5% agarose gel; the imaging characteristics of the imager was studied using SD rat; and then the SLNs tracing in 4 cases of penile carcinoma was performed. Results: When the concentration of ICG is 13.11[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, the fluorescence intensity and the merge image are the best. The maximum depth of fluorescence imaging is 9[Formula: see text]mm in 5% agarose gel, while the bone has the greatest influence on it. The SLNs tracing shows that the imager can locate the SLNs in vitro, to achieve perioperative navigation during biopsy. Conclusion: There are many factors that affect the imaging effect, but the imaging effect of the imager meets the requirement of vision in a wide range, and can effectively trace the SLNs in perioperative period.

scholarly journals Advances in bacterial specific imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wareham ◽  
J. Michael ◽  
Satya Das
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Nuclear medicine is a powerful diagnostic technique able to detect inflammatory foci in human disease. A wide range of agents have been evaluated for their ability to distinguish lesions due to microbial infection from those due to sterile inflammation. Advances continue to be made on the use of radiolabelled antibiotics which as well as being highly specific in the diagnosis of infection may be useful in monitoring the treatment and course of disease. Here we provide an update on in-vitro and clinical studies with a number of established and novel radiopharmaceuticals

scholarly journals Influence of Hyperthermia on Efficacy and Uptake of Carbon Nanohorn-Cisplatin Conjugates

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. DeWitt ◽  
Allison M. Pekkanen ◽  
John Robertson ◽  
Christopher G. Rylander ◽  
Marissa Nichole Rylander
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Mild Hyperthermia ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Thermal Enhancement ◽  
The Difference

Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) have significant potential for use in photothermal therapies due to their capability to absorb near infrared light and deposit heat. Additionally, their extensive relative surface area and volume makes them ideal drug delivery vehicles. Novel multimodal treatments are envisioned in which laser excitation can be utilized in combination with chemotherapeutic-SWNH conjugates to thermally enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the transported drug. Although mild hyperthermia (41–43 °C) has been shown to increase cellular uptake of drugs such as cisplatin (CDDP) leading to thermal enhancement, studies on the effects of hyperthermia on cisplatin loaded nanoparticles are currently limited. After using a carbodiimide chemical reaction to attach CDDP to the exterior surface of SWNHs and nitric acid to incorporate CDDP in the interior volume, we determined the effects of mild hyperthermia on the efficacy of the CDDP-SWNH conjugates. Rat bladder transitional carcinoma cells were exposed to free CDDP or one of two CDDP-SWNH conjugates in vitro at 37 °C and 42 °C with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for each treatment. The in vitro results demonstrate that unlike free CDDP, CDDP-SWNH conjugates do not exhibit thermal enhancement at 42 °C. An increase in viability of 16% and 7% was measured when cells were exposed at 42 deg compared to 37 deg for the surface attached and volume loaded CDDP-SWNH conjugates, respectively. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed a decreased uptake of CDDP-SWNH conjugates at 42 °C compared to 37 °C, revealing the importance of nanoparticle uptake on the CDDP-SWNH conjugate's efficacy, particularly when hyperthermia is used as an adjuvant, and demonstrates the effect of particle size on uptake during mild hyperthermia. The uptake and drug release studies elucidated the difference in viability seen in the drug efficacy studies at different temperatures. We speculate that the disparity in thermal enhancement efficacy observed for free drug compared to the drug SWNH conjugates is due to their intrinsic size differences and, therefore, their mode of cellular uptake: diffusion or endocytosis. These experiments indicate the importance of tuning properties of nanoparticle-drug conjugates to maximize cellular uptake to ensure thermal enhancement in nanoparticle mediated photothermal-chemotherapy treatments.

scholarly journals In Vitro Photothermal Destruction of Cancer Cells Using Gold Nanorods and Pulsed-Train Near-Infrared Laser

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Teng Lin ◽  
Yueh-Sheng Chiang ◽  
Guang-Hong Lin ◽  
Hsinyu Lee ◽  
Hsia-Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Gold Nanorod ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Train System

We present a novel pulsed-train near-IR diode laser system with real-time temperature monitoring of the laser-heated cancer cell mixed in gold nanorod solution. Near-IR diode laser at 808 nm matching the gold nanorod absorption peak (with an aspect ratio about 4.0) was used in this study. Both surface and volume temperatures were measured and kept above 43°C, the temperature for cancer cells destruction. The irradiation time needed in our pulsed-train system with higher laser fluence for killing the cancel cells is about 1–3 minutes, much shorter than conventional methods (5–10 minutes). Cell viabilities in gold nanorod mixed and controlled solutions are studied by green fluorescence.

scholarly journals Powering rotary molecular motors with low-intensity near-infrared light

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. eabb6165
Author(s):  
Lukas Pfeifer ◽  
Nong V. Hoang ◽  
Maximilian Scherübl ◽  
Maxim S. Pshenichnikov ◽  
Ben L. Feringa
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Low Intensity

Light-controlled artificial molecular machines hold tremendous potential to revolutionize molecular sciences as autonomous motion allows the design of smart materials and systems whose properties can respond, adapt, and be modified on command. One long-standing challenge toward future applicability has been the need to develop methods using low-energy, low-intensity, near-infrared light to power these nanomachines. Here, we describe a rotary molecular motor sensitized by a two-photon absorber, which efficiently operates under near-infrared light at intensities and wavelengths compatible with in vivo studies. Time-resolved spectroscopy was used to gain insight into the mechanism of energy transfer to the motor following initial two-photon excitation. Our results offer prospects toward in vitro and in vivo applications of artificial molecular motors.

Triggered drug release from hybrid thermoresponsive nanoparticles using near infrared light

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Ortiz de Solorzano ◽  
Martin Prieto ◽  
Gracia Mendoza ◽  
Victor Sebastian ◽  
Manuel Arruebo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Galvanic Replacement ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Hollow Gold Nanoparticles

Aim: Developing hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels decorated with plasmonic hollow gold nanoparticles for on-demand drug delivery and their physico-chemical characterization, bupivacaine loading and release ability upon light irradiation, and in vitro cell viability. Materials & methods: Hollow gold nanoparticles were prepared by galvanic replacement reaction; poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based nanogels were synthesized via precipitation polymerization and their electrostatic coupling was accomplished using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as cationic polyelectrolyte linker. Results & conclusion: Colloidal stability of the resulted hybrid nanovectors was demonstrated under physiological conditions together with their fast response and excellent heating efficiency after light stimulation, indicating their potential use as triggered drug-delivery vectors. Moreover, their influence on cell metabolism and cell cycle under subcytotoxic doses were studied showing excellent cytocompatibility.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Validity of Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Transillumination (DIFOTI) and Near-Infrared Light Transillumination (NILT) for Caries in Dentine

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ana Marmaneu-Menero ◽  
José Enrique Iranzo-Cortés ◽  
Teresa Almerich-Torres ◽  
José Carmelo Ortolá-Síscar ◽  
José María Montiel-Company ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

The objective of the study is to analyse the available evidence for the validity of the transillumination method in the diagnosis of interproximal caries. Bibliographic searches were carried out in three data bases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) with the key words “Transillumination AND caries”. A total of 11 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. In the qualitative analysis, both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. The gold standards were tomography, digital radiography, and clinical visual diagnosis. The meta-analysis determined the sensitivity, specificity, and area below the ROC curve relative to the transillumination method in the diagnosis of caries in dentine. Meta-analysis results obtained for transillumination gave a sensitivity value of 0.69 (confidence interval: 0.54–0.81), a specificity value of 0.89 (confidence interval: 0.61–0.98), while giving an AUC value of 0.79 (confidence interval: 0.67–0.87). Transillumination is a method offering moderate validity in the diagnosis of carious lesions in dentine, there is no strong evidence that may enable us to affirm that transillumination may fully substitute X-rays in the complementary diagnosis of carious lesions

scholarly journals Dental Caries Diagnosis and Detection Using Neural Networks: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3579
Author(s):  
María Prados-Privado ◽  
Javier García Villalón ◽  
Carlos Hugo Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Ivorra ◽  
Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Caries Detection ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease worldwide, and neural networks and artificial intelligence are increasingly being used in the field of dentistry. This systematic review aims to identify the state of the art of neural networks in caries detection and diagnosis. A search was conducted in PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, and ScienceDirect. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook tool. Thirteen studies were included. Most of the included studies employed periapical, near-infrared light transillumination, and bitewing radiography. The image databases ranged from 87 to 3000 images, with a mean of 669 images. Seven of the included studies labeled the dental caries in each image by experienced dentists. Not all of the studies detailed how caries was defined, and not all detailed the type of carious lesion detected. Each study included in this review used a different neural network and different outcome metrics. All this variability complicates the conclusions that can be made about the reliability or not of a neural network to detect and diagnose caries. A comparison between neural network and dentist results is also necessary.

H2O2/near-infrared light-responsive nanotheronostics for MRI-guided synergistic chemo/photothermal cancer therapy

Nanomedicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 2189-2207
Author(s):  
Yiming Yu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Leping Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Mri Contrast Agent ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Mri Contrast ◽  
Nir Light ◽  
Nir Laser

Aim: To develop a H2O2/near-infrared (NIR) laser light-responsive nanoplatform (manganese-doped Prussian blue@polypyrrole [MnPB@PPy]) for synergistic chemo/photothermal cancer theranostics. Materials & methods: Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto the surface of polypyrrole shells. The in vitro and in vivo MRI performance and anticancer effects of these nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated. Results: The MnPB@PPy NPs could not only generate heat under NIR laser irradiation for cancer photothermal therapy but also act as an excellent MRI contrast agent. The loaded DOX could be triggered to release by both NIR light and H2O2 to enhance synergistic therapeutic efficacy. The antitumor effects were confirmed by in vitro cellular cytotoxicity assays and in vivo treatment in a xenograft tumor model. Conclusion: The designed H2O2/NIR light-responsive MnPB@PPy-DOX NPs hold great potential for future biomedical applications.

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