Small intestinal segment perfusion test in piglets: future applications in studying probiotics-gut crosstalk in infectious diarrhoea?

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Meulen ◽  
M. Hulst ◽  
M. Smits ◽  
T. Schuurman
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Infectious Diarrhoea ◽  
Secretory Diarrhoea ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Traveller’S Diarrhoea ◽  
Intestinal Compartments

Worldwide infectious diarrhoea, mainly caused by rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), accounts for a large part of deaths in children. ETEC is also the main cause of traveller's diarrhoea. Probiotics are promising for prevention and treatment of diarrhoea, but there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any specific probiotic or probiotics in general. Because of the sensitivity of suckling and weaned piglets for ETEC, piglets are a good model for infectious diarrhoea in infants and traveller's diarrhoea. Just as in human the efficacy of probiotics in diminishing diarrhoea and improving growth in suckling and weaned piglets is not uniform. A piglet model of infectious diarrhoea provides access to intestinal compartments that are not easily accessible in infants. In an in situ piglet model of secretory diarrhoea, the functional physiological response to ETEC and the concomitant host genome response to ETEC and probiotics may be tested. This will provide new insights in the complex crosstalk between ETEC, probiotics and the gut in the future.

scholarly journals Evolution of Pig Fecal Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection and Colistin Treatment in Weaned Piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rhouma ◽  
Charlotte Braley ◽  
William Thériault ◽  
Alexandre Thibodeau ◽  
Sylvain Quessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection ◽  
Pig Health ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Sampling Times

The intestinal microbiota plays several important roles in pig health and growth. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in the fecal microbiota diversity and composition of weaned piglets following an oral challenge with an ETEC: F4 strain and/or a treatment with colistin sulfate (CS). Twenty-eight piglets were used in this experiment and were divided into four groups: challenged untreated, challenged treated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Rectal swab samples were collected at five sampling times throughout the study. Total genomic DNA was used to assess the fecal microbiota diversity and composition using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance, the composition, and the community structure of piglet fecal microbiota was highly affected by the ETEC: F4 challenge throughout the experiment, while the oral treatment with CS, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, resulted in a significant decrease of E. coli/Shigella populations during the treatment period only. This study was the first to identify some gut microbiota subgroups (e.g., Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae) that are associated with healthy piglets as compared to ETEC: F4 challenged animals. These key findings might contribute to the development of alternative strategies to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the control of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.

scholarly journals In Silico Hemostasis Modeling and Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 524-535
Author(s):  
Dmitry Y. Nechipurenko ◽  
Aleksey M. Shibeko ◽  
Anastasia N. Sveshnikova ◽  
Mikhail A. Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Single Enzyme

AbstractComputational physiology, i.e., reproduction of physiological (and, by extension, pathophysiological) processes in silico, could be considered one of the major goals in computational biology. One might use computers to simulate molecular interactions, enzyme kinetics, gene expression, or whole networks of biochemical reactions, but it is (patho)physiological meaning that is usually the meaningful goal of the research even when a single enzyme is its subject. Although exponential rise in the use of computational and mathematical models in the field of hemostasis and thrombosis began in the 1980s (first for blood coagulation, then for platelet adhesion, and finally for platelet signal transduction), the majority of their successful applications are still focused on simulating the elements of the hemostatic system rather than the total (patho)physiological response in situ. Here we discuss the state of the art, the state of the progress toward the efficient “virtual thrombus formation,” and what one can already get from the existing models.

Phytates reduce uptake of leucine and glutamate but not lysine and glucose from the intestinal lumen of chickens: Short communication

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Onyango ◽  
Elikplimi Asem ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Leucine Uptake ◽  
Small Intestinal

An investigation into the influence of phytates on the in situ absorption of amino acids (lysine, glutamate and leucine) and glucose from the intestinal lumen of 3-week-old chickens was carried out. Birds were anaesthetised and the intestines exteriorised. Uptake of 5 mM of each nutrient over a 4-min period was measured in the presence of four phytate concentrations (0, 50, 250 and 500 mM). Five birds were used for each nutrient at each concentration of phytate tested. Leucine uptake decreased linearly (P < 0.001) and that of glutamate showed a tendency to decrease (P = 0.055) as the phytate concentration increased. Absorption of lysine and glucose were unaffected by the presence of phytate. In conclusion, phytate in the small intestinal lumen exerted a depressive effect on the absorption of specific free amino acids from the lumen. Its depressive effect was greatest for leucine followed by glutamate, and phytate had little effect on the absorption of lysine.

Kinetics of iron absorption by in situ ligated small intestinal loops of broilers involved in iron transporters1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 5219-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
X. D. Liao ◽  
L. Y. Zhang ◽  
L. Lu ◽  
X. G. Luo
Keyword(s):  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Kinetics Of

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance, serum parameters, intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxia Chen ◽  
Yining Xie ◽  
Ruqing Zhong ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to 4 dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control diet (CON), 3 diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg (XOS100, XOS500, and XOS1000). There were 4 replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From d 1 to 14, there were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOS showed a quadratic effect on BW on d 28, ADG and G:F d 1-28 of piglets (P &lt; 0.05). From d 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (d 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on d 14 and 28 (P &lt; 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on d 14 and 28 (P &lt;0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 group. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of Occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum compared to the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 group were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than CON group. In conclusion, xylo-oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.

PSX-A-11 Late-Breaking: Effects of phytogenic supplementation on growth performance and intestinal barrier function in nursery pigs challenged with E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 372-374
Author(s):  
Rachita Maniyar ◽  
Bonjin Koo ◽  
Debora Holanda ◽  
Chengbo Yang ◽  
Karmin O ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the health-promoting effects of red osier dogwood (ROD) extract as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Twenty-eight weaned piglets (9.15±0.95 kg BW) confirmed to genetically susceptible to ETEC were individually assigned to one of the four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets were, negative control (NC), corn-wheat soybean meal diet with no additives; positive control (PC), NC plus antibiotics; ROD1, NC plus 0.1% ROD extract; ROD2, NC plus 0.2% ROD extract. Piglets were orally challenged on d 7 with ETEC F4. Feed disappearance, body weight, fecal score, and rectal temperature were recorded. On d 14, piglets were euthanized to collect intestinal tissue samples for histomorphology and Ussing chamber analysis. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS using individual piglet as the experimental unit. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.10) in histomorphology and intestinal permeability. Piglets fed the NC diet tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have higher average daily gain, post-inoculation than those fed ROD1 or ROD2. Fecal score of piglets fed the PC diet tended to (P &lt; 0.10) or was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than for piglets fed ROD1 or ROD2 on 0 and 2 days post-inoculation (dpi), respectively. On 0 dpi, piglets fed the ROD1 diet had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) body temperature than those fed PC or ROD2. In conclusion, ROD extract supplementation might have some health-promoting effects on ETEC challenged piglets but could not improve gut health to the same extent as antibiotics.

scholarly journals Dietary chitosan-Cu chelate affects growth performance and small intestinal morphology and apoptosis in weaned piglets.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
X. Fu ◽  
M. Lv ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effects of dietary chitosan-copper chelate (CS-Cu) on growth performance, diarrhea, intestinal morphology and epithelial cell apoptosis in weaned piglets was investigated. One hundred and sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weanling barrows with an average body weight of 7.75 kg were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) control, (2) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub>, (3) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CuSO<sub>4</sub> mixed with chitosan (CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS), (4) 100 mg Cu/kg diet from CS-Cu. The feeding trial lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the pigs receiving a diet containing CS-Cu had higher average daily gain and lower diarrhea incidence than the pigs receiving dietary CuSO<sub>4</sub> and CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. Villus height and the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were higher and crypt depth was lower in CS-Cu treated pigs than in pigs fed dietary CuSO<sub>4 </sub>or CuSO<sub>4</sub>+CS. An apparent decrease of ileal epithelial cell apoptosis in pigs fed CS-Cu diet was found. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher in pigs fed dietary CS-Cu than in those fed other diets. The results indicated that dietary CS-Cu showed better biological and physiological function in improving small intestinal morphology and reducing diarrhea incidence.

scholarly journals Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwei Liang ◽  
Zhaolai Dai ◽  
Jiao Kou ◽  
Kaiji Sun ◽  
Jingqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Junction Proteins

l-Tryptophan (Trp) is known to play an important role in the health of the large intestine. However, a role of dietary Trp in the small-intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted with weaned piglets to address this issue. Postweaning piglets were fed for 4 weeks a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% Trp. The small-intestinal microbiota and serum amino acids were analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing methods and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The mRNA levels for genes involved in host defense and the abundances of tight-junction proteins in jejunum and duodenum were measured by real time-PCR and Western blot techniques, respectively. The concentrations of Trp in the serum of Trp-supplemented piglets increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 0.2–0.4% Trp reduced the abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto and Streptococcus in the jejunum, increased the abundances of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XI (two species of bacteria that can metabolize Trp) in the jejunum, and augmented the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as mRNA levels for porcine β-defensins 2 and 3 in jejunal tissues. Moreover, dietary Trp supplementation activated the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and increased the abundances of tight-junction proteins (zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-3, and claudin-1) in jejunum and duodenum. We suggested that Trp-metabolizing bacteria in the small intestine of weaned pigs primarily mediated the beneficial effects of dietary Trp on its mucosal integrity, health, and function.

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