On the Semantics of the Temporal Auxiliary Verb Ir (“Go”) in Portuguese

2018 ◽  
Vol  19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Telmo Móia
Keyword(s):  
Auxiliary Verb

Grammar of Skolt Saami

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Feist
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Northeast Finland

Skolt Saami is a Finno-Ugric language spoken primarily in northeast Finland by less than 300 people. The aim of this descriptive grammar is to provide an overview of all the major grammatical aspects of the language. It comprises descriptions of Skolt Saami phonology, morphophonology, morphology, morphosyntax and syntax. A compilation of interlinearised texts is provided in Chapter 11. Skolt Saami is a phonologically complex language, displaying contrastive vowel length, consonant gradation, suprasegmental palatalisation and vowel height alternations. It is also well known for being one of the few languages to display three distinctive degrees of quantity; indeed, this very topic has already been the subject of an acoustic analysis (McRobbie-Utasi 1999). Skolt Saami is also a morphologically complex language. Nominals in Skolt Saami belong to twelve different inflectional classes. They inflect for number and nine grammatical cases and may also mark possession, giving rise to over seventy distinct forms. Verbs belong to four different inflectional classes and inflect for person, number, tense and mood. Inflection is marked by suffixes, many of which are fused morphemes. Other typologically interesting features of the language, which are covered in this grammar, include (i) the existence of distinct predicative and attributive forms of adjectives, (ii) the case-marking of subject and object nominals which have cardinal numerals as determiners, and (iii) the marking of negation with a negative auxiliary verb. Skolt Saami is a seriously endangered language and it is thus hoped that this grammar will serve both as a tool to linguistic researchers and as an impetus to the speech community in any future revitalisation efforts.

ON THE ISSUE OF "LEADING VERB + SUPPORTING VERB" (IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE AUXILIARY VERB 싶다 [SIPDA]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PhD. Yunusova GULSHODA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological State ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

The opinion of the speaker is important to the listener. The attitude of the speaker towards the content of the text of the person receiving the speech has its influence in many ways. How the listener perceives the information also depends on his personality, knowledge, experience, psychological state at the time of the speech, his thinking ability and other characteristics. In this case, the expression of the attitude to the action implies that the speaker speaks to himself. In this article, we will consider how this condition is expressed by the auxiliary verb in 싶다 [sipda]. In this case, the speaker analyzes his wishes, the information in the form of information about what he wants to do.

Role of Inversion in Children's Question Development

1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klee
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Question Types ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Utterance Length ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Question Development

Current developmental descriptions of children's Wh-question production are contradictory. One account posits a stage in which the auxiliary verb and subject noun phrase are uninverted, whereas another view offers no empirical support for such a stage. The purpose of the present investigation was to test these divergent developmental descriptions by analyzing children's spontaneously produced questions. Six children at each of three linguistic stages, defined by mean utterance length in morphemes and ranging from 2.50 to 3.99, were selected for study. The children were between 25 and 47 months of age and evidenced no speech, language, or hearing disorders. Although the results replicated the proposed semantic ordering of question types, a stage characterized by uninverted forms was not supported.

scholarly journals The Meanings of Modal Auxiliary Verbs in the Movie "The Perks of being a Wallflower"

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlina Endah Atmaja
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

This research attempts to investigate the meanings of modal auxiliary verbs in the movie The Perks of being a Wallflower. In particular, it aims to identify and classify the modal auxiliary verbs according to their meanings. The data used in this research were dialogues containing modal auxiliary verbs. The modal auxiliary verbs are analyzed semantically and pragmatically. Based on the data analysis, 171 modal auxiliary verbs were found in the movie. The most commonly used modal auxiliary verb in the movie is the modal auxiliary will (28.7%), followed by can (24.0%), would (21.6%), could (14.0%), should (7.0%), might (2.9%), and must (1.8%). From the 171 modal auxiliary verbs, 43 (25.1%) are used to express epistemic meanings, 23 (13.4%) are used to express deontic meanings, and 105 (61.3%) are used to express dynamic meanings. It was found in this research that the modal auxiliary verbs are most frequently used to express dynamic meanings.

scholarly journals Aspetos da gramaticalização de 'ir' como verbo auxiliar temporal

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-239
Author(s):  
Telmo Móia
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

In this paper, various aspects concerning the grammaticalization of ir (‘go’) into a temporal auxiliary verb are considered, focusing on its current status as a posteriority operator in competition with various temporal suffixes of the tense system. Four issues will hold center stage: its coexistence with explicit posteriority tense suffixes, without a sense of redundancy emerging; its use in non-past and past scenarios in competition with the synthetic future and with the synthetic conditional, or imperfective past, respectively; its possible use in structures expressing an anteriority location relation (in association with future perspective points); its inflection in subjunctive, gerundive and infinitival forms, a rather poorly studied possibility. The overall conclusion will be that the grammaticalization process affecting ir is still an ongoing process, which can be seen not only in the aspects studied apropos the abovementioned four issues, but also in a few other aspects – namely regarding the scarcity of its combination with some classes of predicates – that will be left for further research.

Review of Anderson (2006): Auxiliary Verb Constructions

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Elly van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Lemmatization of compound tenses in English

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-122
Author(s):  
Maurice Gross
Keyword(s):  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

We generalize the process of lemmatization of verbs to their compound tenses. Usually, lemmatization is limited on verbs conjugated by means of suffixes; tense auxiliaries and modal verbs (e.g. I have left, I am leaving, I could leave) are ignored. We have constructed a set of 83 finite-state grammars which parse auxiliary verbs and thus recognizes the ‘head verb’, that is, the lemma. We generalize the notion of auxiliary verb to verbs with sentential complements which have transformed constructions (e.g. I want to go) that can be parsed in exactly the same way as tense auxiliaries or modal verbs. Ambiguities arise, in particular because adverbial inserts occur inside the compound verbs,. We show how local grammars describing nominal contexts can be used to reduce the degree of ambiguity.

The processing of passive sentences in German

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-195
Author(s):  
Valentina Cristante ◽  
Sarah Schimke
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Visual World ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Passive Sentence ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Age Range

Abstract This study examines the processing and interpretation of passive sentences in German-speaking seven-year-olds, ten-year-olds, and adults. This structure is often assumed to be particularly difficult to understand, and not yet fully mastered in primary school (Kemp, Bredel, & Reich, 2008), i.e. in children aged between six and eleven. Few studies provide empirical data concerning this age range; it is therefore unknown whether this assumption is warranted. Against this background, we tested whether the three age groups differed in their off-line comprehension of passive sentences. In addition, we employed Visual World eye-tracking to measure processing difficulties that may differ between age groups and may not be reflected in the final interpretations. Previous studies on adult language processing in German and English have documented a preference to interpret sentences according to an agent-first strategy. Our results show that all three groups make use of this strategy, and that all of them are able to revise this interpretation once the first cue indicating a passive sentence is encountered (the auxiliary verb form wurde). We conclude that at least from age seven on, children have the linguistic and cognitive prerequisites to process the passive morphosyntax of German and to revise initial sentence misinterpretations.

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