A New Silk road in the Pacific?

The paper examines the motivations, financing, expansion and challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The BRI was initially designed to address China’s overcapacity and promote economic growth in both China and in countries along the “Belt” and “Road” through infrastructure investment and industrial capacity cooperation. It took into account China’s strategic transition in its opening-up policy and foreign policy to pay more attention to the neighboring countries in Southeast Asia and Central and West Asia when facing greater strategic pressure from the United States in East Asia and the Pacific region. More themes have been added to the initiative’s original framework since its inception in 2013, including the vision of the BRI as China’s major solution to improve international economic cooperation and practice to build a “community of shared future for mankind”, and the idea of the Green Silk Road and the Digital Silk Road. Chinese state-owned enterprises and policy and commercial banks have dominated investment and financing for BRI projects, which explains the root of the problems and risks facing the initiative, such as unsustainable debt, non-transparency, corruption and low economic efficiency. Measures taken by China to tackle these problems, for example, mitigating the debt distress and improving debt sustainability, are unlikely to make a big difference anytime soon due to the tenacity of China’s long-held state-driven investment model.

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The economic belt of the new silk road: Chinese breakthrough in the west or a response to Asian challenges

Medjunarodni problemi ◽

10.2298/medjp1503196s ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (2-3) ◽

pp. 196-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasminka Simic

Keyword(s):

Far East ◽

World Market ◽

Silk Road ◽

The North ◽

Eurasian Economic Union ◽

Central Asian ◽

The Pacific ◽

Road Project ◽

The Baltic ◽

Ancient Silk Road

The paper analyses how the Chinese project of establishing the Economic Belt of the New Silk Road challenges newly formed Eurasian Economic Union, with Russia as the leading force, as well as the North-American and Pacific trade network, dominated by the U.S. The author discusses how the overlapping responsibilities and influence of these regional economic groups may affect their complementarities and competitiveness on the world market, and how they may impact the future course of international relations. The Economic Belt is aimed at creating and strengthening economic, transport, human and cultural relations between China and Central Asian countries, but without Russia. The New Silk Road would stretch from the Pacific to the Baltic Sea, encompassing land and sea trading routes, and follows the route of the ancient Silk Road. When the New Silk Road project, linking three continents, is completed, it will bring new chance for development for China as well as for all other countries on the New Silk Road, including those in the Southeastern Europe. The author concludes that the Economic Belt of the New Silk Road might relax conflicts and quarrels between Western and Far East countries in regard to their aspirations to dominate in Euroasia.

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Conclusion—The Next Step: Silk Road as Metaphor, Seattle, the Silk Road, and the Pacific Rim

Crossroads of Cuisine ◽

10.1163/9789004432109_008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 287-292

Keyword(s):

Silk Road ◽

Pacific Rim ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Silk Road

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The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽

10.1017/s0030812900130597 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1373-1374

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Pacific Coast ◽

Stanford University ◽

The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

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A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103486 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

G.C. Bellolio ◽

K.S. Lohrmann ◽

E.M. Dupré

Keyword(s):

Morphological Description ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽

The Pacific ◽

Argopecten Purpuratus ◽

Veliger Larvae ◽

20 Nm ◽

Ethanol Series ◽

Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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