scholarly journals Invertebrate collections policy of the Finnish Museum of Natural History

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Väinölä ◽  
Lauri Kaila ◽  
Jaakko Mattila ◽  
Pasi Sihvonen ◽  
Marko-Tapio Hyvärinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Individual

The collection policy of the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus is hierarchically structured. General principles and guidelines are defined in the General Collections Policy. Subordinate to it, the collection policies for the individual sub-collections implement and specify these guidelines and instructions, considering the special nature of each sub-collection. The invertebrate collections policy in 2017 was the first sub-collection policy to observe this hierarchical structure, and was guided by the standards set by the European SYNTHESYS collections management self-assessment procedure. The invertebrate collections policy directs all activities related to the Luomus invertebrate collections (apart from DNA and tissue samples), which comprise the separately managed entomological collections (ca. 9 million specimens) and collections of other invertebrates (0.4 million). The policy defines the purpose of the collections, outlines the objectives and content of procedures and activities related to them, the division of responsibilities for the administration and care of the collections within the organisation, and the principles and practices for the acquisition, preservation, accessibility and use of the collections.

scholarly journals The Genomic Resources Collection Policy of the Finnish Museum of Natural History

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Ståhls ◽  
Alexandre Aleixo ◽  
Marko-Tapio Hyvärinen ◽  
Anniina Kuusijärvi ◽  
Leena Myllys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Animal Tissue ◽  
Collection Management ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Research And Education

The Genomic Resources Collection is a separate, independently managed part of the natural history collections of the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus specifically intended for consumptive research. The GRC policy deals with the materials that are archived for the very purpose of enabling the study of biological diversity at the genome level, DNA extractions of animal, fungal and plant specimens, and animal tissue samples stored deep-frozen for purposes of future DNA extraction. The GRC policy defines the purpose of the collections, the objectives and content of the procedures and activities related to them, the distribution of responsibilities for collection management and maintenance in Luomus, and the principles of collection accumulation, preservation and accessibility. The aim of the GRC is to store and loan genomic samples for research purposes. In taxonomic coverage the collection overlaps with all the taxonomically delimited specimen collections managed by the Zoology and Botany Units, but is distinguished as being directed to preserve the genomic (DNA) information irrespective of the phenotypic variation that are the focus of specimen collections. The GRC includes both Finnish and foreign samples, all legally and ethically obtained, mostly linked to a specimen voucher in the taxonomic collections. The GRC samples are documented and trackable in Luomus collections management system. In accordance with the Universities Act, the GRC belongs to the national natural science collections of Luomus. For their part, the GRC collection implement the mission of Luomus, which is to be “responsible for the preservation, accumulation and exhibition of the national natural history collections and for research and education relating to them”.

scholarly journals Natural History of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Raluca Pais ◽  
Thomas Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The epidemiology and the current burden of chronic liver disease are changing globally, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most frequent cause of liver disease in close relationship with the global epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The clinical phenotypes of NAFLD are very heterogeneous in relationship with multiple pathways involved in the disease progression. In the absence of a specific treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is important to understand the natural history of the disease, to identify and to optimize the control of factors that are involved in disease progression. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of factors that are involved in the progression of the liver damage and the occurrence of extra-hepatic complications (cardiovascular diseases, extra hepatic cancer) in patients with NAFLD. We also briefly discuss the impact of the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype of NAFLD on the clinical practice globally and at the individual level.

A self-assessment procedure

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
ACM Ad Hoc Committee on Self-Assess
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Self Assessment

scholarly journals Testing for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence: experiences of a tertiary eye centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000688
Author(s):  
Focke Ziemssen ◽  
You-Shan Feng ◽  
Sven Schnichels ◽  
Tarek Bayyoud ◽  
Marius Ueffing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antiviral Antibody ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
The Individual

IntroductionThe actual prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection and the individual assessment of being or having been infected may differ. Facing the great uncertainty—especially at the beginning of the pandemic—and the possibility of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, subclinical infections, we evaluate the experience of SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening at a tertiary clinical setting.Methods and analysisAll employees of a tertiary eye centre and a research institute of ophthalmology were offered antibody testing in May 2020, using a sequential combination of different validated assays/antigens and point-of-care (POC) testing for a subset (NCT04446338). Before taking blood, a systematic inquiry into past symptoms, known contacts and a subjective self-assessment was documented. The correlations between serostatus, patient contacts and demographic characteristics were analysed. Different tests were compared by Kappa statistics.ResultsAmong 318 participants, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 9 employees. Chemiluminescence assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay and electrochemiluminescence) showed superior specificity and high reproducibility, compared with ELISA and POC results.In contrast to the low seropositivity (2.8%) of healthcare workers, higher than that of the other departments of the hospital, a large proportion mistakenly assumed that they might have already been infected. Antiviral antibody titres increased and remained on a plateau for at least 3 months.ConclusionsThe great demand and acceptance confirmed the benefit of highly sensitive testing methods in the early phase of the pandemic. The coincidence of low seroprevalence and anxious employees may have contributed to internalising the need of hygiene measures.

Emerson's Atom and the Matter of Suffering

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-47
Author(s):  
Mark Noble
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Classical Field Theory ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solid Bodies ◽  
Lines Of Force

This essay argues that Ralph Waldo Emerson's interest in the cutting-edge science of his generation helps to shape his understanding of persons as fluid expressions of power rather than solid bodies. In his 1872 "Natural History of Intellect," Emerson correlates the constitution of the individual mind with the tenets of Michael Faraday's classical field theory. For Faraday, experimenting with electromagnetism reveals that the atom is a node or point on a network, and that all matter is really the arrangement of energetic lines of force. This atomic model offers Emerson a technology for envisioning a materialized subjectivity that both unravels personal identity and grants access to impersonal power. On the one hand, adopting Faraday's field theory resonates with many of the affirmative philosophical and ethical claims central to Emerson's early essays. On the other hand, however, distributing the properties of Faraday's atoms onto the properties of the person also entails moments in which materialized subjects encounter their own partiality, limitation, and suffering. I suggest that Emerson represents these aspects of experience in terms that are deliberately discrepant from his conception of universal power. He presumes that if every experience boils down to the same lines of force, then the particular can be trivialized with respect to the general. As a consequence, Emerson must insulate his philosophical assertions from contamination by our most poignant experiences of limitation. The essay concludes by distinguishing Emersonian "Necessity" from Friedrich Nietzsche's similar conception of amor fati, which routes the affirmation of fate directly through suffering.

Self-Assessment Procedure XXIII

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell H. Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Self Assessment

scholarly journals O princípio da proteção da confiança como obstáculo à anulação de atos administrativos - The principle of the protection of confidence as an obstacle to the annulment of administrative acts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rúbia Mendonça Lôbo De Carvalho ◽  
Andressa Guimarães Freire
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
The State ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legitimate Expectation ◽  
De Se ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Individual

<p>Os atos, condutas e comportamentos do Poder Público gozam de presunção de legitimidade, gerando, em diversas situações, expectativas nos indivíduos. Pode o Estado, no uso de suas prorrogativas, violar aquelas expectativas, causando efeitos negativos à ordem econômica, por despertarem desconfiança e instabilidade nas relações com o Poder Público. Delimitada a ênfase do presente trabalho à função administrativa do Estado, visou-se compreender o princípio da proteção da confiança como instrumento de tutela da expectativa legítima do indivíduo, por impor limites à Administração Pública na anulação de atos administrativos. Nessa situação, viu-se que referido princípio pode conflitar com a legalidade e a autotutela, sendo o caso de se buscar um juízo de ponderação, que resultará na manutenção do ato ou na sua anulação, esta podendo ser com efeitos <em>ex tunc</em>, com efeitos <em>ex nunc</em> ou com a modulação temporal dos efeitos para um determinado momento futuro.</p><p> </p><p>The acts, practices and behaviors of the Public Power in the exercise of legitimation, can generate, in several situations, expectations in individuals. The Estate, in use of its prerogatives, can breach expectations, generating a negative economic response, lack of confidence and instability in its relations. Thus, the principle of protection defends the preservations of these state acts, which effects extend in time, giving the individual an expectation of continuity, even if they are illegal or unconstitutional. Delimiting the emphasis of the present work on the administrative function of the State, it was intended to understand the principle of the protection of trust as an instrument to protect the legitimate expectation of the individual, for imposing limits to the Public Administration in the annulment of administrative acts. In this situation, it was seen that this principle may conflict with legality and self-assessment, being the case of seeking a weighing judgment, which will result in the maintenance of the act or its annulment, this being possible with the temporal modulation of the effects for a certain future moment.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Model of Group Peer Assessment on E-Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Komang Oka Saputra ◽  
Putu Arya Mertasana ◽  
Pratolo Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Student Interest ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Final Grade ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
Individual Solution ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Personal Skills ◽  
The Individual

Student motivation at class takes major role on achieving courses’ learning outcomes. Multimedia based content, game-based quiz, or self-assessment can maintain student interest to follow the learning process. Apart from the individual solution, working in group is one way to improve student motivation, however without proper arrangement, putting students in groups can degrade the competitive atmosphere of class, as less-smart students hang up to the more-smart students. Another alternative is implementing collaborative learning such as peer assessment that allows students to grade their fellows. However, objectivity between students must be concerned as students tend to give high-grade for their fellows. Combining group mode and peer assessment, this work proposed group peer assessment to improve student motivation on e-learning. Proposed method started by teacher open a group assignment on e-learning. Students then work on group to create solution. After the solutions are submitted, the extra-group peer assessment begins, where each group examines another group work. To maintain the objectivity of the peer assessment, final grade of each group obtained by combining grade from another group and grade from teacher.  In the meantime, cooperation atmosphere in each group is maintained by intra-group peer assessment, where each member asses all his/her teammates in terms of intra-personal and inter-personal skills.

scholarly journals Looking Back for the Future: Utilizing Sawfish Saws from Natural History Collections to Conserve the Critically Endangered Largetooth Sawfish (Pristis pristis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25806
Author(s):  
Annmarie Fearing ◽  
Kelcee Smith ◽  
Tonya Wiley ◽  
Jeff Whitty ◽  
Kevin Feldheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural History Collections

The Critically Endangered (International Union for Conservation of Nature) largetooth sawfish, Pristispristis, was historically distributed in the tropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Today, ‘viable’ populations are largely limited to northern Australia. Populations that have suffered from drastic declines in abundance, such as those experienced by P.pristis, are typically at risk of having reduced, or low, levels of genetic diversity. Previous research found that P.pristis in Australia have experienced a genetic bottleneck, but it is unclear whether this bottleneck is the result of contemporary declines over the last century, or if it is the result of historic processes. A direct way to assess whether this genetic bottleneck occurred relatively recently is to compare levels of genetic diversity in contemporary and historic populations. Sawfish saws that were taken as trophies over the past century can now be found in natural history collections around the world and can provide DNA from past sawfish populations. We collected tissue samples from 150 dried P.pristis saws found in both private and public natural history collections. Because DNA from natural history specimens tends to be highly degraded, we targeted ten small DNA fragments, ~150 base pairs each, to amplify and sequence the entire mitochondrial control region. These data will provide important baseline information about P.pristis that can be used to quantify any loss of genetic diversity over the past ~100 years and assess their long-term survival potential. If the levels of genetic diversity in contemporary populations are severely reduced from those of past populations, protecting remaining genetic diversity within and between viable populations should be a priority in conservation plans.

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