scholarly journals Deciphering the sexual diploid members of the Boechera suffrutescens complex (Brassicaceae, Boechereae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 15-50
Author(s):  
David P. Morin ◽  
Patrick J. Alexander ◽  
James B. Beck ◽  
Michael D. Windham ◽  
C. Donovan Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Fresno County ◽  
Cascade Mountain ◽  
Fragmented Distribution ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
North Western ◽  
Mountain Province

Boechera is a model genus that is of particular interest for understanding apomixis due to the presence of numerous apomictic diploid lineages that are tightly correlated with hybridisation events. Boechera includes many narrowly distributed endemics and apomictic hybrid lineages that obscure morphological boundaries amongst taxa. In this study, we focus on the Boecherasuffrutescens complex, a phylogenetically well-supported but taxonomically complex north-western United States clade whose diploid species currently include the widespread B.suffrutescens and two narrowly distributed serpentine endemics, B.constancei and B.rollei. Using a 15-locus microsatellite dataset, we infer ploidy and sexual vs. apomictic reproduction for all individuals and then assess species limits for all sexual diploid samples. Our results support the recognition of B.rollei and B.constancei as distinct species and reveal three divergent sexual diploid lineages within B.suffrutescens sensu lato. The latter three lineages exhibit geographic, genetic and morphological coherence and consequently warrant recognition at the species rank. These include Boecherasuffrutescens s.s., which is restricted to Idaho and eastern Oregon, Boecherabotulifructa, a newly described species distributed along the Cascade Mountain Province from Lassen County, California north to Deschutes County, Oregon and the heretofore dismissed species Boecheraduriuscula (basionym ≡ Arabisduriuscula), which occurs along the Sierra Nevada Province from Plumas County southwards to Fresno County, California. Our data also reveal substructure in B.constancei that is likely attributable to the highly fragmented distribution of its serpentine habitat. This refined taxonomic framework for the B.suffrutescens complex enhances Boechera as a model system, adds to our knowledge of speciation in edaphically extreme environments and provides information on ongoing conservation efforts for these taxa.

scholarly journals Elegy Written in a Country Schoolhouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Fresno County ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Year ◽  
Sierra Nevada Foothills ◽  
The Relationship

Article examines the economic, environmental, social, and political factors involved in the closing of Auberry Elementary School in the Sierra Nevada foothills of Fresno County after the 2010–2011 school year. The closing of the school serves as a window onto the shifting landscape of the relationship between the private sector and the public good not only in Auberry but throughout California and the United States.

scholarly journals The use of chloroplast genome sequences to solve phylogenetic incongruences inPolystachyaHook (Orchidaceae Juss)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjara Lopes de Abreu ◽  
Ruy José Válka Alves ◽  
Sérgio Ricardo Sodré Cardoso ◽  
Yann J.K. Bertrand ◽  
Filipe Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications

BackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that for more robust estimates of species tree and divergence times, several unlinked genes are required. However, most phylogenetic trees for non-model organisms are based on single sequences or just a few regions, using traditional sequencing methods. Techniques for massive parallel sequencing or next generation sequencing (NGS) are an alternative to traditional methods that allow access to hundreds of DNA regions. Here we use this approach to resolve the phylogenetic incongruence found inPolystachyaHook. (Orchidaceae), a genus that stands out due to several interesting aspects, including cytological (polyploid and diploid species), evolutionary (reticulate evolution) and biogeographical (species widely distributed in the tropics and high endemism in Brazil). The genus has a notoriously complicated taxonomy, with several sections that are widely used but probably not monophyletic.MethodsWe generated the complete plastid genome of 40 individuals from one clade within the genus. The method consisted in construction of genomic libraries, hybridization to RNA probes designed from available sequences of a related species, and subsequent sequencing of the product. We also tested how well a smaller sample of the plastid genome would perform in phylogenetic inference in two ways: by duplicating a fast region and analyzing multiple copies of this dataset, and by sampling without replacement from all non-coding regions in our alignment. We further examined the phylogenetic implications of non-coding sequences that appear to have undergone hairpin inversions (reverse complemented sequences associated with small loops).ResultsWe retrieved 131,214 bp, including coding and non-coding regions of the plastid genome. The phylogeny was able to fully resolve the relationships among all species in the targeted clade with high support values. The first divergent species are represented by African accessions and the most recent ones are among Neotropical species.DiscussionOur results indicate that using the entire plastid genome is a better option than screening highly variable markers, especially when the expected tree is likely to contain many short branches. The phylogeny inferred is consistent with the proposed origin of the genus, showing a probable origin in Africa, with later dispersal into the Neotropics, as evidenced by a clade containing all Neotropical individuals. The multiple positions ofPolystachya concreta(Jacq.) Garay & Sweet in the phylogeny are explained by allotetraploidy.Polystachya estrellensisRchb.f. can be considered a genetically distinct species fromP. concretaandP. foliosa(Lindl.) Rchb.f., but the delimitation ofP. concretaremains uncertain. Our study shows that NGS provides a powerful tool for inferring relationships at low taxonomic levels, even in taxonomically challenging groups with short branches and intricate morphology.

Differences in meiotic pairing induction between the A genomes of Triticum boeoticum Boiss. and T. urartu Tum. using diploid species of the subtribe Triticineae as analysers

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lucas ◽  
J. Jahier
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Haynaldia Villosa ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Mother Cells

The number of associations between chromosome arms in the pollen mother cells of the hybrid Triticum boeoticum × T. urartu is similar to that in the pollen mother cells of the parental accessions. The latter two species were crossed with the following diploid species: T. tauschii, T. comosum, T. umbellulatum, and Haynaldia villosa. The meiotic behaviour of the hybrids showed that the chromosomes of T. urartu share more homology with the diploid Triticum species than do those of T. boeoticum. On the other hand, there is more pairing in the hybrid T. boeoticum × H. villosa than in T. urartu × H. villosa. These results confirm that T. boeoticum and T. urartu are distinct species. Key words: Triticineae, interspecific hybrids, meiotic behaviour, speciation.

scholarly journals Species of Fragaria L. (Rosaceae) genus of Central, Northern and Eastern Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Sergey Baturin ◽  
Nasanjargal Tovuudorj ◽  
Elena Filipenko ◽  
Renchinmyadag Tovuudorj ◽  
Ganbold Jigmed
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Western China ◽  
Adh1 Gene ◽  
North Western ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Eastern Mongolia

Numerous publications of Russian and Mongolian researchers report the only species Fragaria orientalis Losinsk to be typical for Mongolia. However, by generally accepted taxonomy of Fragaria genus, the species F. orientalis is a tetraploid (2n=4x=28) which occupies a small area within Eastern regions of Russia and North-Western China. To clarify the specific belonging of strawberry, 11 Fragaria samples were collected in Central, Northern and Eastern parts of Mongolia. Species were identified by morphological characters and molecular marker of alcohol dehydrogenase adh1 gene. The results of the specific belonging study in Fragaria samples reveal two diploid species F. viridis and F. mandshrica growing in Mongolia.

scholarly journals Observations of Blossfeldia liliputana (Cactaceae) populations in Jujuy province (Argentina)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Panassiti ◽  
Osvaldo Ahumada ◽  
Stefan Porembski
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Habitat Specialist ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Numerical Abundance ◽  
North Western

Introduction. Blossfeldia liliputana Werdermann (Cactaceae) is known as the tiniest cactus with a distribution from southern Bolivia and to mid-west Argentina. Due to the inconspicuous habitus, little was known about the environmental effects on its distribution. The main objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of B. liliputana in Jujuy province, north-western Argentina, and to identify abiotic and biotic environmental parameters affecting the numerical abundance of B. liliputana populations. Material and methods. Using existing information about ecology and previously described growth sites, we localized populations of B. liliputana and counted the number of above ground stems (hereinafter referred as “heads”) within plots of 10cm2. A set of environmental data was derived from direct measurements, laboratory analysis and literature. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used to infer habitat requirements. Results. We found seven locations with B. liliputana populations at Jujuy. Average populations size per plot ranged from four to 22 heads. B. liliputana prefers shaded rock crevices made of shale and slates and a annual mean temperature below 14°C and a annual precipitation lower than 200 mm. Seed dispersal by ants was not observed. Discussion. Although even after extensive field survey as much as seven locations were found, the cactus is not scarcely distributed rather the habitat is located in hardly accessible areas. Our findings suggest that B. liliputana is a habitat specialist adapted to extreme environments.

A new biogeographical regionalisation of the Páramo biogeographic province

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Jiménez-Rivillas ◽  
Juan J. García ◽  
Mario Alberto Quijano-Abril ◽  
Juan M. Daza ◽  
Juan J. Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Biogeographic Province ◽  
The North ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
North Western ◽  
Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

We identified biogeographical districts in the Páramo biogeographic province, in the north-western Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, including the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia, above 3000m ASL. We applied a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) to 8418 distributional data of 4644 vertebrate and angiosperm species, distributed in the north-western Andes and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Areas analysed were selected according to the hypotheses of several authors. We obtained a single most parsimonious cladogram, which shows 10 groups of areas (southern Ecuadorian, central Ecuadorian, northern Ecuadorian, Venezuelan, Los Picachos, Sierra Nevada, Santa Inés-Sonsón, Paramillo del Sinú, Cordillera Oriental and Quindío) and a single isolated area (Farallones de Cali). We propose that these areas conform 11 biogeographical districts. The biogeographical districts obtained adjust to the ‘cordilleran pattern’, where páramos of each cordillera are linked together. This study supports the hypothesis that during different glacial periods, páramos of these cordilleras were connected and, subsequently, separated during interglacial periods.

Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3447 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA BENZONI ◽  
FABRIZIO STEFANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Gulf Of Aden ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
A New Species

A new zooxanthellate reef-dwelling scleractinian coral species, Porites fontanesii sp. nov. (Scleractinia, Poritidae), is de-scribed. The examined material was collected from the Southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden.Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was most frequently observed along the Yemen south Red Sea and the north-western Gulf ofAden coasts. Although a complete molecular phylogeny of Porites is not available yet, the relationships between P. fon-tanesii sp. nov. and twenty other species of the genus were explored through analysis of the available rDNA sequences.Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was seen to be a distinct species basal to, and well divergent from, one of the two main clades so far identified in the genus rDNA phylogeny.

Neotypification of the name Rosa agrestis (Rosaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCO ROMA-MARZIO ◽  
MARCO D’ANTRACCOLI ◽  
GIOVANNI ASTUTI ◽  
SIMONETTA MACCIONI ◽  
LORENZO PERUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The University ◽  
North Western

Gaetano Savi (1769–1844) worked at the University of Pisa and was a prominent figure among Italian botanists of the XIX century. He published about 75 scientific papers, primarily devoted to floristic researches and taxonomical investigations. During his career, he described 89 taxa of vascular plants (6 genera and 83 species). In the frame of a typification project devoted to the names described by Gaetano Savi (D’Antraccoli et al. 2015), we found that up to now only 8 names (ca. 9%) have been typified (Zohary & Heller 1984, Baldini & Jarvis 1991, Garbari & Cecchi 2000, Selvi & Cecchi 2009, O’Leary 2010, Amadei et al. 2013, 2015, Alonso et al. 2016). One of the names still lacking a typification is Rosa agrestis Savi (1798: 475), a species occurring in the most part of Europe, Russia, Anatolia and in the North-Western part of Africa (Silvestre & Montserrat 1998). Rosa agrestis belongs to R. sect. Caninae Candolle (1818: 3) emend. Christ (1873: 36), the most numerous and taxonomically complex section in Europe (Bruneau et al. 2007, De Cock et al. 2008). However, since its description, R. agrestis was recognized as a distinct species by most authors (e.g. Kláštersky 1968, Pignatti 1982, Lattanzi & Tilia 2002, Tison & de Foucault 2014).

scholarly journals An integrative analysis uncovers a new, pseudo-cryptic species of Amazonian marmoset (Primates: Callitrichidae: Mico) from the arc of deforestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Costa-Araújo ◽  
José S. Silva- ◽  
Jean P. Boubli ◽  
Rogério V. Rossi ◽  
Gustavo R. Canale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Neotropical Primates ◽  
The World ◽  
Pastoral Landscapes ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

AbstractAmazonia has the richest primate fauna in the world. Nonetheless, the diversity and distribution of Amazonian primates remain little known and the scarcity of baseline data challenges their conservation. These challenges are especially acute in the Amazonian arc of deforestation, the 2500 km long southern edge of the Amazonian biome that is rapidly being deforested and converted to agricultural and pastoral landscapes. Amazonian marmosets of the genus Mico are little known endemics of this region and therefore a priority for research and conservation efforts. However, even nascent conservation efforts are hampered by taxonomic uncertainties in this group, such as the existence of a potentially new species from the Juruena–Teles Pires interfluve hidden within the M. emiliae epithet. Here we test if these marmosets belong to a distinct species using new morphological, phylogenomic, and geographic distribution data analysed within an integrative taxonomic framework. We discovered a new, pseudo-cryptic Mico species hidden within the epithet M. emiliae, here described and named after Horacio Schneider, the pioneer of molecular phylogenetics of Neotropical primates. We also clarify the distribution, evolutionary and morphological relationships of four other Mico species, bridging Linnean, Wallacean, and Darwinian shortfalls in the conservation of primates in the Amazonian arc of deforestation.

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