Gravid females of Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) are attracted to egg-carrying needles of Pinus yunnanensis

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.65.26341 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 157-166

Author(s):

Zheng-Liang Yan ◽

Hui-Fen Ma ◽

Yun-Ling Mao ◽

Ling Liu

Keyword(s):

Yunnan Province ◽

Pine Needles ◽

Olfactory Sensation ◽

Pinus Yunnanensis ◽

Egg Carrying ◽

Choice Tests ◽

Gravid Females ◽

Pine Species

Cephalciachuxiongica Xiao is one of the most dangerous defoliators of Pinusyunnanensis and other pine species in Yunnan province, resulting in serious losses. Its distinguishing characteristics are the females’ aggregation oviposition and larvae’s aggregation feeding. In order to explore the mechanism of aggregation oviposition in this sawfly, preliminary olfactory bioassay was conducted in laboratory. In in-cage choice tests, on average vast majority gravid females selected the shoots that had been loaded and oviposited by a ‘pioneer’ female. In one-choice tests in laboratory by a Y-tube olfactometer, the gravid females were attracted by the odors of eggs-carrying shoots (PE), shoots with one delivering female and her eggs (PGE), needles’ extract (NE), and fresh eggs’ eluent (EL); the virgin females were attracted by odors of fresh needles (P), PE, PGE, and NE, but repelled by odors of virgin and gravid females. In two-choice tests, the odors were tested in pairs for gravid females. When compared with odors of gravid females (G) or P, gravid females showed significantly more tendency to odors of PE or PGE. When given odors EL vs. NE, gravid females preferred the odors of NE, but they did not make obvious selection between G vs. P, and PE vs. PGE. Based on the results, our conjectures were: (1) Delivery female, as a pioneer, can summon her conspecific gravid females to aggregate in the same pine shoot; (2) Pine needles’ odors were attractive for both the virgin and gravid females; (3) Gravid females could be attracted by odors released by the pioneer gravid females; (4) The olfactory sensation of the females may be changed by mating.

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Prediction Model for Postfire Mortality of Pinus yunnanensis in Central Yunnan Province

2009 International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering ◽

10.1109/iccae.2009.48 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Jia-gang Zhao ◽

Shi-you Li ◽

Tong-lin Zhao ◽

Ning Chen

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Pinus Yunnanensis

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Coexistence and Competition betweenTomicus yunnanensisandT. minor(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in Yunnan Pine

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2012/185312 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rong Chun Lu ◽

Hong Bin Wang ◽

Zhen Zhang ◽

John A. Byers ◽

You Ju Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Southwest China ◽

Lower Trunk ◽

Competition And Cooperation ◽

Pinus Yunnanensis ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Tomicus Minor ◽

Intensity Of Competition

Competition and cooperation between bark beetles,Tomicus yunnanensisKirkendall and Faccoli andTomicus minor(Hartig) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) were examined when they coexisted together in living Yunnan pine trees (Pinus yunnanensisFranchet) in Yunnan province in Southwest China.T. yunnanensisbark beetles were observed to initiate dispersal from pine shoots to trunks in November, while the majority ofT. minorbegins to transfer in December.T. yunnanensismainly attacks the top and middle parts of the trunk, whereasT. minormainly resides in the lower and middle parts of the trunk. The patterns of attack densities of these two species were similar, but withT. yunnanensiscolonizing the upper section of the trunk andT. minorthe lower trunk. The highest attack density ofT. Yunnanensiswas 297 egg galleries/m2, and the highest attack density ofT. minorwas 305 egg galleries/m2. Although there was significant overlap for the same bark areas, the two species generally colonize different areas of the tree, which reduces the intensity of competition for the relatively thin layer of phloem-cambium tissues where the beetles feed and reside.

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Biology of Pissodes yunnanensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a pest of Yunnan pine in southwestern China

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n04-019 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 136 (5) ◽

pp. 719-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hongrui Zhang ◽

Hui Ye ◽

Robert A. Haack ◽

David W. Langor

Keyword(s):

Yunnan Province ◽

Tree Mortality ◽

Fourth Instar ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Old Growth ◽

Optimal Development ◽

Pinus Yunnanensis ◽

First Instar ◽

Pine Trees ◽

Lateral Branches

AbstractPissodes yunnanensis Langor et Zhang, a pest of Yunnan pine, Pinus yunnanensis Franchet, in southwestern China, occurs at elevations of 2200–2800 m. These weevils infest Yunnan pine trees less than 20 years old but prefer trees 8–10 years old. Oviposition occurs mainly along the upper trunk on current-year and 1-year-old growth and occasionally on the upper lateral branches. Weevil feeding often kills the leader, which results in stem forking and crooking. At times, after 2–3 years of consecutive severe infestation, tree mortality occurs. In southwestern Yunnan Province, adults of this univoltine weevil emerge from infested stems from mid-April to mid-July. Eggs appear in late June, first-instar larvae in early July, and fourth-instar larvae in late March of the next year. First- and second-instar larvae feed in the phloem, and third-instar larvae move to the sapwood or pith, where they overwinter. In March, larvae resume feeding and development. Fourth-instar larvae excavate pupal chambers (chip cocoons) in the outer sapwood or pith, and pupation occurs from late March to late May. Optimal development of eggs and pupae occurs at 25 °C in the laboratory. Parasitism is the main cause of mortality in P. yunnanensis, accounting for 2%–25% of mortality among third- and fourth-instar larvae and 5%–10% among pupae.

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Bursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) from Pinus yunnanensis in China

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854107780739090 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jinling Liao ◽

Kan Zhuo ◽

Shengfu Yu ◽

Xundong Li ◽

Danlei Li

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Body Length ◽

Yunnan Province ◽

Slender Body ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Short Tail ◽

Pinus Yunnanensis ◽

Female Tail ◽

Tail Shape ◽

Single Locality

AbstractBursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. is described and figured. The nematode was found in wilted pine Pinus yunnanensis Franchet from a single locality in Longling county, Yunnan Province, China. The new species is characterised by a relatively small stylet (11-15 μm long) with weakly developed basal swellings and lateral fields bearing four incisures. The male has relatively small, arcuate spicules with a distinct, dorsally bent, hook-like condylus, thorn-like rostrum, distinct cucullus and an ovoid terminal 'bursa' with minutely tripartite terminus. The female has a minute vulval flap and a conical tail with a relatively robust and blunt projection ca 1.2-4.5 μm long. Both sexes are of moderate body length ranging from 676-1088 μ m in the female and 552-1083 μm in the male with a slender body (a = 37-54 in the female and 36-54 in the male) and a relatively short tail (c = 26-39 in the female and 31-45 in the male). Bursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. most closely resembles B. borealis, B. leoni and B. silvestris. However, the new species is easily distinguished from these three species by a number of characters including spicule size and shape, female tail shape and length, and postvulval uterine sac length.

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