scholarly journals Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Baranek ◽  
Kenneth Kuba ◽  
Julia Bauder ◽  
Harald Krenn
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Brood Care ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Fluid Uptake ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Adductor Muscles

Social wasps perform a variety of tasks with their mouthparts. Female workers use them to feed on carbohydrate-rich fluids, to build nests by collecting wood fibers and forming paper, to hunt and manipulate insect prey for feeding larvae as well as for brood care. Since male wasps neither feed on insects nor participate in nest building, sex-specific differences in mouthpart morphology are expected. Despite these different applications, general mouthpart morphology of male and female wasps from the genus Vespula was similar. However, males possessed significantly shorter mandibles with fewer teeth than females. Furthermore, the adductor muscles of the mandibles were distinctly smaller in males than in females. Male wasps showed a higher number of sensilla on the mandibles and the labial palpi. Mouthpart dimorphism and functional morphology of fluid uptake are discussed.

scholarly journals High-Quality Assemblies for Three Invasive Social Wasps from the Vespula Genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. R. Harrop ◽  
Joseph Guhlin ◽  
Gemma M. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Perming ◽  
Peter Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Generation Control

<div><div><div><p>Social wasps of the genus Vespula have spread to nearly all landmasses worldwide and have become significant pests in their introduced ranges, affecting economies and biodiversity. Comprehensive genome assemblies and annotations for these species are required to develop the next generation of control strategies and monitor existing chemical control. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), German wasp (Vespula germanica), and the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensyl- vanica). Our chromosome-level Vespula assemblies each contain 176–179 Mb of total sequence assembled into 25 scaffolds, with 10–200 unanchored scaffolds, and 16,566–18,948 genes. We annotated gene sets relevant to the applied management of invasive wasp populations, including genes associated with spermatogenesis and development, pesticide resistance, olfactory receptors, immunity and venom. These genomes provide evidence for active DNA methylation in Vespidae and tandem duplications of venom genes. Our genomic resources will contribute to the development of next-generation control strategies, and monitoring potential resistance to chemical control.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals High-Quality Assemblies for Three Invasive Social Wasps from the Vespula Genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3479-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. R. Harrop ◽  
Joseph Guhlin ◽  
Gemma M. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Permina ◽  
Peter Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Vespula Pensylvanica ◽  
Genome Assemblies

Social wasps of the genus Vespula have spread to nearly all landmasses worldwide and have become significant pests in their introduced ranges, affecting economies and biodiversity. Comprehensive genome assemblies and annotations for these species are required to develop the next generation of control strategies and monitor existing chemical control. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), German wasp (Vespula germanica), and the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica). Our chromosome-level Vespula assemblies each contain 176–179 Mb of total sequence assembled into 25 scaffolds, with 10–200 unanchored scaffolds, and 16,566–18,948 genes. We annotated gene sets relevant to the applied management of invasive wasp populations, including genes associated with spermatogenesis and development, pesticide resistance, olfactory receptors, immunity and venom. These genomes provide evidence for active DNA methylation in Vespidae and tandem duplications of venom genes. Our genomic resources will contribute to the development of next-generation control strategies, and monitoring potential resistance to chemical control.

scholarly journals High-Quality Assemblies for Three Invasive Social Wasps from the Vespula Genus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. R. Harrop ◽  
Joseph Guhlin ◽  
Gemma M. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Perming ◽  
Peter Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Generation Control

<div><div><div><p>Social wasps of the genus Vespula have spread to nearly all landmasses worldwide and have become significant pests in their introduced ranges, affecting economies and biodiversity. Comprehensive genome assemblies and annotations for these species are required to develop the next generation of control strategies and monitor existing chemical control. We sequenced and annotated the genomes of the common wasp (Vespula vulgaris), German wasp (Vespula germanica), and the western yellowjacket (Vespula pensyl- vanica). Our chromosome-level Vespula assemblies each contain 176–179 Mb of total sequence assembled into 25 scaffolds, with 10–200 unanchored scaffolds, and 16,566–18,948 genes. We annotated gene sets relevant to the applied management of invasive wasp populations, including genes associated with spermatogenesis and development, pesticide resistance, olfactory receptors, immunity and venom. These genomes provide evidence for active DNA methylation in Vespidae and tandem duplications of venom genes. Our genomic resources will contribute to the development of next-generation control strategies, and monitoring potential resistance to chemical control.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals COVID-19, Global Value Chains, and the Impact on Gender: Evidence from the Garment and Electronics Sectors in Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Impact

This report analyses the impact of COVID-19 on women in the global garment and electronics value chains, with a focus on women working in production in Asia. Building on a previous K4D assessment of COVID-19 and its implications for global value chains (Quak, 2020), this report addresses the need to understand how COVID-19 specifically impacts women in global value chains. The report seeks to answer the question “how have male and female workers been affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding employment and the ability to work differently?”. The review presented is based on existing evidence of the gendered impacts of COVID-19 on the garment and electronics value chains in Asia and draws on both academic and grey literature. At the time of research (March 2021), the evidence was relatively sparse, frequently relying on initial surveys completed early on in the pandemic. In addition, data disaggregated by gender is rare. Where these data are not available, our approach is to synthesise what we know about the impact of COVID-19 with what we know about the nature of gender in the garment and electronics sectors and to conclude the likely impacts of COVID-19 on gender.

BEETLES THAT CANNOT BITE: FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE HEAD OF ADULT RHYSODINES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE OR RHYSODIDAE)

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross T. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Slime Molds ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Jaw Musculature

AbstractIn Rhysodini the greatly enlarged mentum forms the entering edge as the beetle wedge-pushes its way through wood. The mandibles cannot bite either wood fibers or food items, but function as a cover for the other mouthparts. The palpi are completely retractile. Each maxilla bears two stylets, the galea and lacinia, and the ligula consists of two bilobed structures. These are apparently the sole feeding structures enabling the beetles to prey on the amoeboid stage of slime molds. The large internal cavity of the head is interpreted as a compromise between a greatly reduced head volume, resulting from reduced jaw musculature, and the need to retain the surface of a full-sized head as part of the wedge-pushing apparatus.

You’re Gonna Make It After All

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Kutulas
Keyword(s):  
Working Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Biological Family ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Ways Of Being

The TV program, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, modelled new ways of being, not just for young, single working women, but for everybody who worked. The series taught a new workplace etiquette premised on the equality of male and female workers. Mary also formed an informal sisterhood with her neighbour Rhoda. Perhaps most importantly, the series suggested that “family” could be co-workers and friends as well as biological family.

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