scholarly journals Dynamics of collembolan communities inside the forested scree slope

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Rendoš ◽  
Ľubomír Kováč ◽  
Andrej Mock ◽  
Dana Miklisová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Collembolan Species ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Plastic Cylinder ◽  
Lower Temperature

The monthly dynamics of collembolan communities was studied over a year-long period in the depth profile of forested scree slope in the karst area of the Čierna hora Mts. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Collembola were sampled using non-baited subterranean traps consisted of a plastic cylinder with the small openings drilled around at 10 horizontal levels (5 – 95 cm), and a system of 10 plastic cups connected to each other by a helical rod and nuts. The plastic cylinder, after being buried in the slope profile, served as a protective casing for inserting the plastic cups filled with the preservative solution. The cups inside the cylinder were placed right under the openings on the cylinder perimeter, enabling to trap specimens in the particular depth. The temperature was measured continuously throughout the study at four-hour intervals using thermo-data loggers affixed to the wall of the plastic cups. During the year, the monthly temperature means on the surface ranged between 0.2°C (January) to 16.6°C (August) while the monthly temperature means at the depth of 95 cm ranged between 3.5°C (April) to 15.2°C (September). Monthly temperature ranges varied from 5.0°C (February) to 12.5 °C (October) on the surface and from 0.5°C (February, April) to 4.5 °C (July) at 95 cm. A total of 60 collembolan species were identified, among them 27 trogloxenes, 19 subtroglophiles, 12 eutroglophiles and 2 troglobionts. Fluctuations of the locomotory activity during the year were observed in all four categories of Collembola and at all depths. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed collembolan activity to be substantially affected by the thermal conditions fluctuating over the year. Most eutroglophiles and troglobionts, associated with deeper layers of the scree slope, preferred rather lower temperature ranges and were typical of the autumn months.

scholarly journals Reaction of Nicotiana species and cultivars of tobacco to Tobacco mosaic virus and detection of the N gene that confers hypersensitive resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Depta Anna ◽  
Kursa Karolina ◽  
Doroszewska Teresa ◽  
Laskowska Dorota ◽  
Trojak-Goluch Anna
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Species ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Extensive Necrosis

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) brings increasing losses in the cultivation of tobacco. Sixty-two cultivars of tobacco and eleven species of Nicotiana were evaluated for resistance to TMV. Biological tests at two temperature ranges, DAS-ELISA and molecular markers were applied to assess the resistance to TMV. Most cultivars of tobacco showed susceptibility (S) to TMV, two were tolerant (T), while others revealed a hypersensitive response (HR). Hypersensitivity, determined by the N gene, occurred only at a temperature below 22°C. At a temperature above 28°C, all the cultivars showed mosaic discolorations or extensive necrosis. The reaction of the Nicotiana species was dependent on growth conditions. At 22°C, the reactions of sensitivity, tolerance and hypersensitivity to TMV were all observed, whereas above 28°C the species showed systemic necrotic symptoms. N. gossei was an exception because hypersensitivity occurred regardless of the thermal conditions. The resistance of this species was not conditioned by the N gene, which suggests that N. gossei could be an additional genetic resource for tobacco breeding.  

scholarly journals Creep deformation behavior during densification of ZrB2-SiBCN ceramics with ZrO2 additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-557
Author(s):  
Bo Feng ◽  
Zhenhang Wang ◽  
Yunhao Fan ◽  
Jinghua Gu ◽  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Creep Deformation ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Grain Boundary Sliding ◽  
Diffusion Creep ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Grain Boundary Mobility ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract ZrB2-SiBCN ceramics with ZrO2 additive are hot-pressed under a constant applied pressure. The densification behavior of the composites is studied in a view of creep deformation by means of the Bernard-Granger and Guizard model. With determination of the stress exponent (n) and the apparent activation energy (Qd), the specific deformation mechanisms controlling densification are supposed. Within lower temperature ranges of 1300–1400 °C, the operative mechanism is considered to be grain boundary sliding accommodated by atom diffusion of the polymer-derived SiBCN (n = 1, Qd = 123±5 kJ/mol) and by viscous flow of the amorphous SiBCN (n = 2, Qd = 249±5 kJ/mol). At higher temperatures, the controlling mechanism transforms to lattice or intra-granular diffusion creep (n = 3–5) due to gradual consumption of the amorphous phase. It is suggested that diffusion of oxygen ions inside ZrO2 into the amorphous SiBCN decreases the viscosity, modifies the fluidity, and contributes to the grain boundary mobility.

scholarly journals Internal Friction and Dynamic Modulus in Ultra-High Temperature Ru-Nb Functional Intermetallics / Tarcie Wewnętrzne I Moduł Dynamiczny W Bardzo Wysoko Temperaturowych Funkcjonalnych Związkach Międzymetalicznych Z Układu Ru-Nb

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 3069-3072
Author(s):  
M.L. Nó ◽  
L. Dirand ◽  
A. Denquin ◽  
J. San Juan
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Internal Friction Peak ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Lower Temperature

In the present work we have studied the high-temperature shape memory alloys based on the Ru-Nb system by using two mechanical spectrometers working in temperature ranges from 200 to 1450ºC and -150 to 900ºC. We have studied internal friction peaks linked to the martensitic transformations in the range from 300 to 1200ºC. In addition, we have evidenced another internal friction peak at lower temperature than the transformations peaks, which apparently exhibits the behaviour of a thermally activated relaxation peak, but in fact is a strongly time-dependent peak. We have carefully studied this peak and discussed its microscopic origin, concluding that it is related to the interaction of some structural defects with martensite interfaces. Finally, we perform a complete analysis of the whole internal friction spectrum, taking into account the possible relationship between the time-dependent peak and the martensitic transformation behaviour.

Phosphors for remote thermograph sensing in lower temperature ranges

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Simons ◽  
I.P. McClean ◽  
R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Lower Temperature

scholarly journals The effect of claying carried out in 1923 upon the thermal conditions in cultivated Sphagnum peat soil in the summer of 1959

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

In the present investigation the significance of claying of cultivated Sphagnum bog was studied from the point of view of the thermal conditions in the soil after a long period. The investigation was carried out when 36 years had passed since clay had been applied to the test area. The results have shown that the claying has caused differences of about 1°C in soil temperature in summer as compared to unclayed soil.

scholarly journals Study of Thermal Comfort in Traditional House Buildings (Case Study: Simalungun Traditional House)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Vinky Rahman ◽  
Luqman Hadi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Surrounding Environment

Abstract. Traditional houses were formed over a long period and are believed to be hereditary responsive to the surrounding physical and socio-cultural environment. Traditional Architecture is a building whose shape, decoration and method of implementation are passed down from generation to generation. Traditional architecture is a reflection of the values and culture that the community has interpreted. The adaptation of residents in the house is carried out by optimizing the positive potential of the surrounding environment and minimizing disturbances related to the comfort of living. The research problem is how the level of thermal comfort in the traditional house of Simalungun. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal comfort of the study object of the Simalungun traditional house. To determine the thermal conditions inside and outside the building, Measurements of temperature and humidity were carried out. Measurement data were analyzed and compared with Ecotech simulation data. The results of research carried out directly and simulating using Ecotech. This Simalungun traditional house can be categorized as having optimal comfort in terms of its physical physiological aspects and simulate using Ecotech simulations. As for the benefits of the research, it is hoped that it can provide knowledge about the thermal comfort of traditional houses, especially the traditional houses of Simalungun.

scholarly journals Geostatistics applied to swine facilities equipped with evaporative cooling system

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019
Author(s):  
Paulo G. de Abreu ◽  
Osmar A. Dalla Costa ◽  
Vivian Feddern ◽  
Nelson Morés ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Outer Perimeter

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatial variation of temperature, relative humidity and black globe humidity temperature (BGHT) index in growing-finishing swine facilities, with and without evaporative air cooler. The experiment was conducted in a 60 x 9 m facility containing 32 pens of 3.20 x 4.00 m each, divided into two sectors. The treatments were without evaporative air cooler (control) and with evaporative air cooler. Temperature and relative humidity data were collected weekly in two periods (morning and afternoon) at 32 different sampling points, encompassing the center of each pen and the outer perimeter of the facility. Animal performance variables were: feed intake, feed conversion, weight out of the nursery, slaughter weight, weight gain and daily weight gain. According to the results, the analyzed variables showed spatial dependence, with lower temperature and higher relative humidity in the evaporative air cooler environment. However, evaporative air cooler system provided better environment thermal conditions inside the facilities, lowering BGHT values, which were lower in the adiabatic cooling sector. Although thermal conditions were better in the air cooler environment, swine performance was not affected.

scholarly journals Effect of the duration of high air temperature on cow’s milking performance in moderate climate conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Herbut ◽  
Sabina Angrecka ◽  
Dorota Godyń
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moderate Climate

Abstract The main aim of the presented investigation was to determine the effect of the air thermal conditions variability on cow’s milking performance in summer in a moderate climate. The analyses covered the summer months of 2012-2013 (June-September) and shorter, several-day periods characterized by the times of elevated or high air temperatures and by the declines and increases in milking performance. The research was conducted in a free stall barn for Holstein-Friesian cows. The study showed that the thermoneutral temperature for high yielding cows decreases gradually with the registered increasingly warmer summer periods. The decreases in milk yield already commence at an air temperature equal to 20°C and also depend on the dairy cattle sensitivity. July and August, with a high number of hot days, caused that in September the cows responded faster to a worsening of thermal conditions and the decline in milking performance happened almost simultaneously with the air temperature change, at milking yield recovery after the period of 3-4 d (r=-0.84, P<0.04). The percent duration in the individual temperature ranges which caused a decrease of milk yield was also determined. In June, and at the beginning of July, this was 90% of the time with temperatures above 20°C, and simultaneously 45% above 25°C occurred to milking performance decrease (r=-0.89, P<0.02). In September, this was only 30% of the time with temperatures above 20°C (r=-0.91, P<0.01).

scholarly journals Analysis of Decadal Rainfall and Temperature Trend in Warri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Oyeleke Oluwaseun Oyerinde
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

This study investigates rainfall and temperature trend in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria using data derived from Nigerian Meteorological Agency between 2005 and 2015. Data was analyzed to reveal trend in temperature and rainfall values in the years under study and to determine whether there were significant variations. Analysis of rainfall data shows that 2007 had the lowest total rainfall over the 11 year period with a total annual rainfall of 2030.58 mm while 2015 was the year with the highest annual rainfall record of 3183.6 mm. The mean monthly Rainfall indicates that January has the lowest record of rainfall with a total of 36.9 mm while July is the month with highest value of 423.2 mm. Results further indicates that June has the lowest mean monthly temperature over the 11 year period of 20 ºC while March has the highest record of 29.6 ºC. Dominant temperature ranges between 26.1 oC and 26.8 ºC closely followed by 27.7–28.4 ºC which are quite close to the mean monthly values in the area. Analysis of rainfall data confirms an increasing trend.

scholarly journals Influence of Drought and Sowing Time on Protein Composition, Antinutrients, and Mineral Contents of Wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sondeep Singh ◽  
Anil K. Gupta ◽  
Narinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Meal Quality ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Lower Temperature

The present study in a two-year experiment investigated the influence of drought and sowing time on protein composition, antinutrients, and mineral contents of wheat whole meal of two genotypes differing in their water requirements. Different thermal conditions prevailing during the grain filling period under different sowing time generated a large effect on the amount of total soluble proteins. Late sown conditions offered higher protein content accompanied by increased albumin-globulin but decreased glutenin content. Fe content was increased to 20–23%; however, tannin decreased to 18–35% under early sown rain-fed conditions as compared to irrigated timely sown conditions in both the genotypes. Activity of trypsin inhibitor was decreased under rain-fed conditions in both genotypes. This study inferred that variable sowing times and irrigation practices can be used for inducing variation in different wheat whole meal quality characteristics. Lower temperature prevailing under early sown rain-fed conditions; resulted in higher protein content. Higher Fe and lower tannin contents were reported under early sown rain-fed conditions however, late sown conditions offered an increase in phytic acid accompanied by decreased micronutrients and glutenin contents.

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