scholarly journals Research of the ecologo-climatical niche of Brunnera sibirica Stev.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
Marina V. Olonova ◽  
Anna S. Vedernikova ◽  
Thomas Albtight
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
South Of Siberia

Brunnera sibirica is a Southern-Siberian endemic herb. Being a Pliocene relict, it is included in Red Data Books of many Siberian regions. The aim of our study was to identify the climatic niche and territories suitable for this vulnerable species using the MaxEnt method. The climatic profile of B. sibirica was constructed using the BIOCLIM method with 19 bioclimatic variables. The research has revealed that the climatic conditions in the most of Siberian territory are not suitable for the growth of B. sibirica, which confirms its relic origin in the south of Siberia.

scholarly journals Performance of soy cultivars in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Batista ◽  
José Luiz De Andrade Rezende Pereira ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Everton Vinucius Zambiazzi ◽  
Karina Barroso Silva
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Cultivar evaluation is one of the basic steps recommended for a given region, since the best adapted cultivars have higher yields, and success in this parameter is based on the genotype of the material and its interaction with the environmental variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate thebehavior of 23 soy cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the south region of Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil, in the municipality of Inconfidentes. The evaluated traits were grain yield, plant height, height of insertion of the first legume and lodging. The experiments were conducted on the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvests, adopting a randomized block design with three replicates and 23 treatments, which were constituted by the following cultivars: FAVORITA RR, BRS MG 760SRR, NA 5909 RG, NA 7200 RR, CD 2630, CD 250, NA 7620 RR, CD 2737, TMG 123, V-MAX RR, P 98Y11 RR, NS 7100 RR, BMX Potencia, Anta 82 RR, CD 237, V-TOP, TMG 1176 RR, TMG 1174 RR, TMG 1179 RR, TMG 1181 RR, BMX Força, Monsoy 7211 RR and BRS MG 780 RR. Of the studied cultivars, those that most stood out for the traits evaluated in the conditions of Inconfidentes (MG) were TMG 1179 RR (48.6 bags of 60 kg ha-1), NA 7200 RR (45.6 bags), CD 2737 (41.1 bags), CD 237 (41 bags) and BRS MG 760 SRR (40.6 bags), all of which displayed satisfactory conditions for mechanical harvesting, demonstrating the good performance of the crop in the south region of Minas Gerais State.

scholarly journals Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Hahn ◽  
Enno Schefuß ◽  
Sergio Andò ◽  
Hayley C. Cawthra ◽  
Peter Frenzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
The South ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

Abstract. Due to the high sensitivity of southern Africa to climate change, a reliable understanding of its hydrological system is crucial. Recent studies of the regional climatic system have revealed a highly complex interplay of forcing factors on precipitation regimes. This includes the influence of the tropical easterlies, the strength of the southern hemispheric westerlies as well as sea surface temperatures along the coast of the subcontinent. However, very few marine records have been available in order to study the coupling of marine and atmospheric circulation systems. Here we present results from a marine sediment core, recovered in shallow waters off the Gouritz River mouth on the south coast of South Africa. Core GeoB18308-1 allows a closer view of the last  ∼  4 kyr. Climate sensitive organic proxies, like the distribution and isotopic composition of plant-wax lipids as well as indicators for sea surface temperatures and soil input, give information on oceanographic and hydrologic changes during the recorded time period. Moreover, the micropaleontology, mineralogical and elemental composition of the sediments reflect the variability of the terrigenous input to the core site. The combination of down-core sediment signatures and a catchment-wide provenance study indicate that the Little Ice Age ( ∼  300–650 cal yr BP) was characterized by climatic conditions favorable to torrential flood events. The Medieval Climate Anomaly ( ∼  950–650 cal yr BP) is expressed by lower sea surface temperatures in the Mossel Bay area and humid conditions in the Gouritz River catchment. These new results suggest that the coincidence of humid conditions and cooler sea surface temperatures along the south coast of South Africa resulted from a strengthened and more southerly anticyclonic circulation. Most probably, the transport of moisture from the Indian Ocean by strong subtropical easterlies was coupled with Agulhas Bank upwelling pulses, which were initiated by an increase in Agulhas Current strength.

Habitat use and diet as biogeographic indicators for subantarctic Ectemnorhinini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian Ocean ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
South Indian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quaternary History ◽  
History Of The South

Most of the species in the Ectemnorhinin are cryptogam feeders, angiosperm feeders representing a minority. It is hypothesized that this dearth of angiosperm feeders is due to previous climatic conditions, which precluded angiosperm herbivory, but allowed for the exploitation of a diverse cryptogamic flora, and that only with the post-glacial warm-up of the Subantarctic has angiosperm herbivory become possible. When examined in the light of the Quaternary history of the South Indian Ocean Province islands, evidence obtained from a study of the habitat use, diet and morphology of species within the tribe supports this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Climatic Niche Model for Overwintering Monarch Butterflies in a Topographically Complex Region of California

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Fisher ◽  
Kiana Saniee ◽  
Charis van der Heide ◽  
Jessica Griffiths ◽  
Daniel Meade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monarch Butterfly ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Niche Model ◽  
Complex Region ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
The Future

We use climatic conditions that are associated with known monarch butterfly overwintering groves in California to build a Maxent model, and focus on the fine scale probability of overwintering grove occurrence in a topographically complex region of the state (Santa Barbara County). Grove locations are known from recent and historical surveys and a long-term citizen science database. The climatic niche model performs well, predicting that overwintering habitat is most likely to occur along the coast and at low elevations, as shown by empirical data. We then use climatic variables in conjunction with climate change scenarios to model the future location of overwintering habitat, and find a substantial shift in the predicted distribution. Under a plausible scenario, the probability of occurrence of overwintering habitat directly reflects elevation, with coastal regions having a reduced probability relative to today, and higher elevation sites increasing in probability. Under a more extreme scenario, high probability sites are only located along ridgelines and in mountaintop regions of the county. This predicted shift in distribution is likely to have management implications, as sites that currently lack monarchs may become critical to conservation in the future. Our results suggest that estimating the size of the western overwintering population in the future will be problematic, unless annual counts compensate for a shift in the distribution and a potential change in the number and location of occupied sites.

A new leafhopper genus Geelus and 12 new species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae) from Southern Africa 

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4786 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL STILLER
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
The South ◽  
African Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables

Twelve new species in a new genus, Geelus gen.n. are described, 10 species from a confined area in the north- and south-western parts of South Africa and two from Namibia. The genus has been recorded from 35 plant species in 18 families, with one species Geelus dundraad collected on Rooibos Tea, Aspalathus linearis (Fabaceae), which is indigenous to South Africa and cultivated commercially. The 12 new species are Geelus driehoekdraad sp.n., G. drietanddraad sp.n., G. dundraad sp.n., G. haakdraad sp.n., G. kinkeldraad sp.n., G. lemdraad sp.n., G. nektanddraad sp.n., G. platdraad sp.n., G. slangdraad sp.n., G. stompdraad sp.n., G. viertanddraad and G. vurkdraad sp.n. This new genus is allied to the Bonaspeiini, in the Deltocephalinae based on the broad lorum, apically expanded clypellus, dorsal side of the pygofer deeply and broadly incised, large sclerotized segment X, smooth merging of face and crown and Y-shaped connective with short stem. A MaxEnt distribution model based on 19 bioclimatic variables confirmed that the South African species occur within a confined region in the south-western parts of southern Africa. 

scholarly journals Shifts in Climatic Niche Occupation in Astrophytum Coahuilense (H. Möller) Kayser and Its Potential Distribution in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cardoza-Martínez ◽  
Jorge Becerra-López ◽  
Citlalli Esparza-Estrada ◽  
José Estrada-Rodríguez ◽  
Alexander Czaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Principle Of Maximum Entropy ◽  
Climate Niche ◽  
Distribution Modeling ◽  
Overlap Analysis ◽  
Principle Of Maximum

It has frequently been reported that species with strong niche conservatism will not be able to adapt to new climatic conditions, so they must migrate or go extinct. We have evaluated the shifts in climatic niche occupation of the species Astrophytum coahuilense and its potential distribution in Mexico. We understand niche occupation as the geographic zones with available habitats and with the presence of the species. To assess shifts in climatic niche occupation, we used niche overlap analysis, while potential distribution modeling was performed based on the principle of maximum entropy. The results indicate that this species presents a limited amplitude in its climate niche. This restriction of the climatic niche of A. coahuilense limits its ability to colonize new geographical areas with different climatic environments. On the other hand, the potential distribution models obtained from the present study allow us to identify potential zones based on the climatic requirements of the species. This information is important to identify high priority areas for the conservation of A. coahuilense.

scholarly journals Niche-tracking migrants and niche-switching residents: evolution of climatic niches in New World warblers (Parulidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1824) ◽  
pp. 20152458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Gómez ◽  
Elkin A. Tenorio ◽  
Paola Montoya ◽  
Carlos Daniel Cadena
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Niche Evolution ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Niche Dynamics ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Tropics

Differences in life-history traits between tropical and temperate lineages are often attributed to differences in their climatic niche dynamics. For example, the more frequent appearance of migratory behaviour in temperate-breeding species than in species originally breeding in the tropics is believed to have resulted partly from tropical climatic stability and niche conservatism constraining tropical species from shifting their ranges. However, little is known about the patterns and processes underlying climatic niche evolution in migrant and resident animals. We evaluated the evolution of overlap in climatic niches between seasons and its relationship to migratory behaviour in the Parulidae, a family of New World passerine birds. We used ordination methods to measure seasonal niche overlap and niche breadth of 54 resident and 49 migrant species and used phylogenetic comparative methods to assess patterns of climatic niche evolution. We found that despite travelling thousands of kilometres, migrants tracked climatic conditions across the year to a greater extent than tropical residents. Migrant species had wider niches than resident species, although residents as a group occupied a wider climatic space and niches of migrants and residents overlapped extensively. Neither breeding latitude nor migratory distance explained variation among species in climatic niche overlap between seasons. Our findings support the notion that tropical species have narrower niches than temperate-breeders, but does not necessarily constrain their ability to shift or expand their geographical ranges and become migratory. Overall, the tropics may have been historically less likely to experience the suite of components that generate strong selection pressures for the evolution of migratory behaviour.

The role of large arthropods in the development of halomorphic soils in the south of Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-700
Author(s):  
V. G. Mordkovich ◽  
I. I. Lyubechanskii
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South Of Siberia
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