scholarly journals The amino acid-rich elemental diet Elental® preserves lean body mass during chemo- or chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ishikawa ◽  
Tomoyo Yasuda ◽  
Toshifumi Doi ◽  
Tetsuya Okayama ◽  
Naoyuki Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elemental Diet

scholarly journals Amino Acid Supplementation Increases Lean Body Mass, Basal Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Expression in Older Women

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1630-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar L. Dillon ◽  
Melinda Sheffield-Moore ◽  
Douglas Paddon-Jones ◽  
Charles Gilkison ◽  
Arthur P. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Factor I

scholarly journals A Comparison of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based on DIAAS Scoring, in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Ciuris ◽  
Heidi M. Lynch ◽  
Christopher Wharton ◽  
Carol S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

Vegetarian diets provide an abundance of nutrients when carefully planned. However, vegetarian diets may have lower protein quality compared to omnivorous diets, a reflection of less favorable amino acid profiles and bioavailability. Hence, the current recommended dietary allowance for protein may not be adequate for some vegetarian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine dietary protein quality using the DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score) method in vegetarian and omnivore endurance athletes. DIAAS scores reflect the true ileal digestibility of the indispensable amino acids that are present in food items, and these scores can be used to compute the available protein in diet plans. Thirty-eight omnivores and 22 vegetarians submitted seven-day food records that were analyzed for nutrient content, and DIAAS scores were computed by diet group. Average available protein (g) was compared along with participants’ lean body mass and strength (quantified using the peak torque of leg extension). DIAAS scores and available protein were higher for omnivorous versus vegetarian athletes (+11% and +43%, respectively, p < 0.05). Omnivorous participants had significantly higher lean body mass than vegetarian participants (+14%), and significant correlations existed between available protein and strength (r = 0.314) and available protein and lean body mass (r = 0.541). Based upon available protein, as determined through the DIAAS, vegetarian athletes in this study would need to consume, on average, an additional 10 g protein daily to reach the recommended intake for protein (1.2 g/kg/d). An additional 22 g protein daily would be needed to achieve an intake of 1.4 g/kg/d, the upper end of the recommended intake range.

Adaptation to Low Protein and Energy Intakes

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin Scrimshaw ◽  
Vernon Young
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Body Energy

This paper focuses on two principal issues. First, what are the consequences of low dietary protein and amino acid intakes? Second, what are the physiological and social limits to restricted energy intakes? The concepts of adaptation and accommodation are presented. It is suggested that the limit of adaptation to low dietary protein is achieved at the intake level considered minimally necessary to maintain health in well-nourished subjects, as judged by nitrogen balance, stable lean body mass and absence of functional impairment. For lower protein intakes survival is prolonged via an accommodation, involving loss of lean body mass and reduced rates of protein and amino acid turnover. There is only a limited metabolic capacity for adaptation to reduced energy intakes, but variations in the level and pattern of physical activity permit a maintenance of body energy balance over a broad range of energy intakes. Where reduced physical activity to balance restricted energy intakes has adverse social, cultural and/or economic consequences the response should be viewed as an accommodation and not as adaptation. The range of adaptation depends on the criteria of normality and the assessment of the biological and social costs of changes with low intakes.

scholarly journals Computed tomography-measured body composition: correlation with postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with gastroesophageal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Almir Galvão Vieira Bitencourt ◽  
Thais Manfrinato Miola ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Elizabeth Launeir Santos da Conceição ◽  
Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Postoperative Morbidity ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To determine whether preoperative anthropometric and computed tomography (CT) measurements of body composition can predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study in which we reviewed the medical records and abdominal CT scans of patients with gastric or esophageal cancer who underwent surgery in 2015 at a cancer center. CT scans performed during routine preoperative evaluation were retrospectively assessed to measure the area of lean body mass at the level of the third lumbar vertebra, as well as the area of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Results: Seventy patients were included in the study. The mean age was 59.9 years (range, 33-82 years), and 47 patients (67.1%) were men. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 14.9 months. Neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality correlated significantly with gender, age, the type of primary tumor, the presence of comorbidities, smoking status, body mass index, nutritional status, or visceral fat area. The survival rate was higher for patients with normal lean body mass than for those with low lean body mass (hazard ratio = 0.116; 95% confidence interval: 0.015-0.906; p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our data suggest that lean body mass can be a relevant prognostic factor in patients with gastric or esophageal cancer, and that CT measurements should be included in the routine preoperative evaluation, because it may provide information that aids nutritional and clinical care for these patients.

scholarly journals CT assessment of nutritional status and lean body mass in gastric and esophageal cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Manfrinato Miola ◽  
Elizabeth Launeir Santos da Conceição ◽  
Juliana de Oliveira Souza ◽  
Paula Nicole Vieira Barbosa ◽  
Felipe José Fernandez Coimbra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass
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