scholarly journals MicroRNAs, a subpopulation of regulators, are involved in breast cancer progression through regulating breast cancer stem cells (Review)

Author(s):  
Xuemei Fan ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Ziyi Fu ◽  
Lihua Zeng ◽  
Yongmei Yin ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8113
Author(s):  
Hsing-Ju Wu ◽  
Pei-Yi Chu

Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.


2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vera-Ramirez ◽  
Pedro Sanchez-Rovira ◽  
M. Carmen Ramirez-Tortosa ◽  
Cesar L. Ramirez-Tortosa ◽  
Sergio Granados-Principal ◽  
...  

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