scholarly journals Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis: A case report and literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINGYAO LIU ◽  
MIN LI ◽  
GUIBO LI ◽  
CHUNKUI ZHOU ◽  
RENSHENG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis

scholarly journals Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism and Epilepsy Associated with VGKC Antibodies: Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Matthew Saint ◽  
Vafa Alakbarzade ◽  
Brendan McLean
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Double Negative ◽  
Aggressive Treatment ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions

Antibodies directed against the voltage-gated potassium channel complex (anti-VGKCs) are implicated in several autoimmune conditions including limbic encephalitis and epilepsy. However, emerging evidence suggests that only specific subtypes of anti-VGKCs are pathogenic. We present the case of a 55-year-old man who initially presented with focal unaware seizures and behavioural changes mimicking anti-VGKC-seropositive encephalitis that further progressed to parkinsonism with evidence of frontotemporal dementia and pre-synaptic dopaminergic deficit. Aggressive treatment with immunotherapy was ineffective, and antibody subtyping later revealed the anti-VGKC antibodies to be negative for leucine-rich glioma-associated 1 (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) – the two known pathogenic subtypes. The clinical relevance of so-called “double-negative” anti-VGKCs (i.e., those not directed towards LGI1 or CASPR2) has been called into question in recent years, with evidence to suggest they may be clinically insignificant. Our case emphasises the importance of antibody subtyping in cases of anti-VGKC seropositivity; negative results, particularly when combined with a poor response to immunotherapy, should prompt a rapid reconsideration of the working diagnosis.

Seronegative limbic encephalitis: case report, literature review and proposed treatment algorithm

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. B. Ahmad ◽  
H. A. Archer ◽  
C. M. Rice ◽  
S. Gerhand ◽  
M. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Treatment Algorithm

Valproate-induced hyperammonemia: A case report and literature review

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Khoo ◽  
L. Regina ◽  
S. R. K. Naik ◽  
S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review
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