Attitudes about Global Warming in the United States: A Data-Driven Learning Guide

The United States chose an approach to global warming that came to be viewed by much of the international community as a barrier to effective action. In explaining why, this article analyzes the interaction of the domestic political process and international negotiations. It argues that—while external pressures brought to bear through the negotiations leading up to UNCED pushed the domestic agenda on global warming—the nature of the political process, in combination with the nature of the global warming issue itself, set the general limits for U.S. participation in cooperative international arrangements to manage global warming. That is, given the broad set of interests activated by global warming concerns and the ready access those interests had to decision-making bodies through a pluralist policy process, consensus on an approach to global warming proved impossible. The U.S., unwilling to accept international commitments that obligated it to domestic actions, thwarted efforts to get an international treaty containing firm targets and timetables.

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Robust goal programming for multi-objective optimization of data-driven problems: A use case for the United States transportation command's liner rate setting problem

Omega ◽

10.1016/j.omega.2018.10.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 101983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert W. Hanks ◽

Brian J. Lunday ◽

Jeffery D. Weir

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Goal Programming ◽

The United States ◽

Data Driven ◽

Use Case ◽

Multi Objective Optimization ◽

Multi Objective

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The Measure of All Things

Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences ◽

10.1525/hsns.2018.48.4.403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 403-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jérôme Lamy

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Global Warming ◽

Large Range ◽

The United States ◽

Significant Rise ◽

The Other ◽

Satellite Mission ◽

Sea Levels ◽

Joint Mission ◽

The 1960S

The TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite mission to observe the oceans triggered the formation of the new specialty of space oceanography from the 1970s to 1990s. Previously, in the 1960s in the United States, traditional oceanographers had shown little interest in the possibilities of space and thus space engineers and physicists worked on the first missions (Seasat in particular). TOPEX/POSEIDON brought together two projects, one American (TOPEX) and the other French (POSEIDON). The gradual crystallization of the disciplinary specialty of space oceanography occurred by making available a platform of instruments able to meet an ensemble of varied needs. Battery failures just before the launch of the joint mission meant that the mission had to focus on the essentials (notably El Niño effects). Subsequently, the discovery of a significant rise in sea levels due to global warming resulted in space oceanography becoming a recognized specialty. The case of TOPEX/POSEIDON shows the original ways in which instruments gained a place in the very large range of oceanographic techniques.

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