scholarly journals Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis of influenza A (H1N1) HA and NA genes of strains isolated from Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani ◽  
Muhammad Mubin ◽  
Damian M. Dela Cruz ◽  
Sahar Isa Althawadi ◽  
Muhammad Shah Nawaz Ul Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Introduction: In early 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus appeared in Mexico and rapidly disseminated worldwide. Little is known about the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of the H1N1 strain found in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Nucleotide sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to study molecular variation between the virus isolates. Results: In this report, 72 hemagglutinin (HA) and 45 neuraminidase (NA) H1N1 virus gene sequences, isolated in 2009 from various regions of Saudi Arabia, were analyzed. Genetic characterization indicated that viruses from two different clades, 6 and 7, were circulating in the region, with clade 7, the most widely circulating H1N1 clade globally in 2009, being predominant. Sequence analysis of the HA and NA genes revealed a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding genes from viruses circulating in the South East Asia region and with the A/California/7/2009 strain. New mutations in the HA gene of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) viruses, that could alter viral fitness, were identified. Relaxed-clock and Bayesian Skyline Plot analyses, based on the isolates used in this study and closely related globally representative strains, indicated marginally higher substitution rates than the type strain (5.14×10-3 and 4.18×10-3 substitutions/nucleotide/year in the HA and NA genes, respectively). Conclusions: The Saudi isolates were antigenically homogeneous and closely related to the prototype vaccine strain A/California/7/2009. The antigenic site of the HA gene had acquired novel mutations in some isolates, making continued monitoring of these viruses vital for the identification of potentially highly virulent and drug resistant variants.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah Abdulhamed Uthman ◽  
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan Kamal ◽  
Suha Abdulall Farraj ◽  
Badr Essa Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Viral Diagnosis

Introduction: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009. Saudi Arabia also witnessed a severe H1N1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in different parts of the kingdom beginning in June 2009. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was detected in samples collected between May 2009 and November 2010 from Makkah region. This study provides data on the viral diagnosis and genetic diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus from Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 100 clinically infected patients in the peak of the outbreak were collected from Makkah region and processed for viral diagnosis by viral culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HA and NA genes of 10 selected samples were sequenced and analyzed. Results: A total of 100 samples were collected; only 10 samples were found to be positive for influenza A virus infection by real-time PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the HA and NA genes of influenza A (H1N1) from Saudi Arabia showed significant similarities with selected isolates. The phylogenetic tree constructed for both HA and NA genes formed close clusters with selected reference isolates. Conclusions: Nucleotide sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships of the HA and NA genes of influenza A (H1N1) virus from Saudi Arabia with selected reference isolates indicates that they were genetically close and most probably originated from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus haemagglutinin gene from 2009-2010 Brazilian clinical samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Leandro de Paula Ferreira ◽  
Samanta Etel Treiger Borborema ◽  
Luis Fernando de Macedo Brígido ◽  
Maria Isabel de Oliveira ◽  
Terezinha Maria de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Virus Haemagglutinin

scholarly journals Epidemiology and clinical complication patterns of influenza A (H1N1 virus) in northern Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheder Mohamed Altayep ◽  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed ◽  
Amjad Tallaa a Tallaa ◽  
Ahmad Soud Alzayed ◽  
Aqeel Jazzaa Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
One Year ◽  
H1n1 Virus Infection

The aim of the present study is to describe epidemiologic and clinical presentation, clinical complications and outcomes of patients diagnosed with influenza A infection (H1N1) during a one-year period. We retrospectively investigated 300 patients with influenza-like clinical presentation during the period January 2015 − January 2016 in King Khalid Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Fifty-four patients out of 300 (18%) were diagnosed with H1N1 virus infection; their age ranged from 7 months to 85 years, with a mean age of 25 years. Among them, 34 (63%) were males and 20 (37%) were females, with a M:F ratio of 1.70. The findings of this study show the great spread of influenza A outside the main holy cities of Saudi Arabia, and underline the absolute need for strict prevention strategies including vaccinations, public awareness and hygiene measures.

scholarly journals Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus–induced hemophagocytosis: first case reported in Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalil Ur Rehman ◽  
Ghassan Wali ◽  
Najla M Sayes ◽  
Abdulghani Maulawi ◽  
Mohammad Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Novel Influenza A

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH 2009 H1N1 INFLUENZA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN SAUDI ARABIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e2012002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Agha ◽  
Abdul Qader Alrawi ◽  
Abdelhaleem Bella ◽  
Mohammed S. AlAyed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009.  We describe the clinical features of the patients who were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza July 2009 to June 2010 in a tertiary care hospital in Khamis Mushyt, Saudi Arabia.  We analyzed the clinical and laboratory variables in order to determine predictors of poor outcome Methods We performed a prospective study in all patients who were hospitalized for at least 48 hours  and with a positive test for 2009 H1N1 virus through RT-PCR(real time polymerase chain reaction).  Their epidemiological, clinical, biochemical characteristics were collected and the hospital course of the patients with eventual outcome (discharge or death) was observed. We applied a logistic regression analysis to determine the best predictor of death.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Analysis of Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Isolated in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raji Prasad ◽  
Vishnu VikramanThampi Mohanakumari ◽  
Remya Vasanthi Sasi ◽  
Radhakrishnan Nair ◽  
Sara Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
South India ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Complete Genome Analysis

Here, we report the complete sequence of four influenza A(H1N1) virus samples isolated from cases that occurred during the 2017 epidemic season in Kerala in South India. Sequence analysis showed mutations that differentiate this strain from the reference strain A/California/07/2009 virus.

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