scholarly journals Genetic diversity of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norah Abdulhamed Uthman ◽  
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan Kamal ◽  
Suha Abdulall Farraj ◽  
Badr Essa Masri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Viral Diagnosis

Introduction: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009. Saudi Arabia also witnessed a severe H1N1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in different parts of the kingdom beginning in June 2009. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was detected in samples collected between May 2009 and November 2010 from Makkah region. This study provides data on the viral diagnosis and genetic diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus from Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 100 clinically infected patients in the peak of the outbreak were collected from Makkah region and processed for viral diagnosis by viral culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HA and NA genes of 10 selected samples were sequenced and analyzed. Results: A total of 100 samples were collected; only 10 samples were found to be positive for influenza A virus infection by real-time PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the HA and NA genes of influenza A (H1N1) from Saudi Arabia showed significant similarities with selected isolates. The phylogenetic tree constructed for both HA and NA genes formed close clusters with selected reference isolates. Conclusions: Nucleotide sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationships of the HA and NA genes of influenza A (H1N1) virus from Saudi Arabia with selected reference isolates indicates that they were genetically close and most probably originated from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis of influenza A (H1N1) HA and NA genes of strains isolated from Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Ali Al-Qahtani ◽  
Muhammad Mubin ◽  
Damian M. Dela Cruz ◽  
Sahar Isa Althawadi ◽  
Muhammad Shah Nawaz Ul Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Introduction: In early 2009, a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus appeared in Mexico and rapidly disseminated worldwide. Little is known about the phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics of the H1N1 strain found in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Nucleotide sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were used to study molecular variation between the virus isolates. Results: In this report, 72 hemagglutinin (HA) and 45 neuraminidase (NA) H1N1 virus gene sequences, isolated in 2009 from various regions of Saudi Arabia, were analyzed. Genetic characterization indicated that viruses from two different clades, 6 and 7, were circulating in the region, with clade 7, the most widely circulating H1N1 clade globally in 2009, being predominant. Sequence analysis of the HA and NA genes revealed a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding genes from viruses circulating in the South East Asia region and with the A/California/7/2009 strain. New mutations in the HA gene of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) viruses, that could alter viral fitness, were identified. Relaxed-clock and Bayesian Skyline Plot analyses, based on the isolates used in this study and closely related globally representative strains, indicated marginally higher substitution rates than the type strain (5.14×10-3 and 4.18×10-3 substitutions/nucleotide/year in the HA and NA genes, respectively). Conclusions: The Saudi isolates were antigenically homogeneous and closely related to the prototype vaccine strain A/California/7/2009. The antigenic site of the HA gene had acquired novel mutations in some isolates, making continued monitoring of these viruses vital for the identification of potentially highly virulent and drug resistant variants.

scholarly journals Sequence analysis of the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus haemagglutinin gene from 2009-2010 Brazilian clinical samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Leandro de Paula Ferreira ◽  
Samanta Etel Treiger Borborema ◽  
Luis Fernando de Macedo Brígido ◽  
Maria Isabel de Oliveira ◽  
Terezinha Maria de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Virus Haemagglutinin

scholarly journals Ultrastructural and Histopathological Studies of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1122-1123
Author(s):  
CS Goldsmith ◽  
MG Metcalfe ◽  
W-J Shieh ◽  
DM Blau ◽  
DC Rollin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.

scholarly journals Effects of Vaccine Program against Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Virus, United States, 2009–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah H. Borse ◽  
Sundar S. Shrestha ◽  
Anthony E. Fiore ◽  
Charisma Y. Atkins ◽  
James A. Singleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Influenza-Like Illness in a Community Surrounding a School-Based Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus-Chicago, Illinois, 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S94-S101 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Janusz ◽  
J. E. Cortes ◽  
F. Serdarevic ◽  
R. C. Jones ◽  
J. D. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Influenza Like Illness ◽  
School Based ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals High prevalence of antibodies to the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in the Norwegian population following a major epidemic and a large vaccination campaign in autumn 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Waalen ◽  
A Kilander ◽  
S G Dudman ◽  
G H Krogh ◽  
T Aune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Substantial Rise ◽  
Epidemic Wave

The prevalence of antibodies reactive to the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was determined in sera collected before the start of the pandemic, during the early phase, and after the main epidemic wave and nationwide vaccination campaign in Norway. A substantial rise in prevalence of antibodies at protective titres, from 3.2% to 44.9%, was observed between August 2009 and January 2010. The highest prevalence, 65.3%, was seen in the age group of 10-19 year-olds.

scholarly journals Pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v: Human to pig transmission in Norway?

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hofshagen ◽  
B Gjerset ◽  
C Er ◽  
A Tarpai ◽  
E Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Human Viruses

In Norway there is an ongoing outbreak in pigs of infections with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus. The first herd was confirmed positive on 10 October 2009. As of 26 October, a total of 23 herds have been diagnosed as positive. The majority of the herds seem to have been infected by humans. Sequence analysis of pig viruses from the index farm shows that they are identical or virtually identical to human viruses from the same geographical region.

scholarly journals Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in a Finnish garrison - a serological survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aho ◽  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
J E Nyholm ◽  
T Kuitunen ◽  
E Rönkkö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Major Part ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In September 2009, an outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) took place in a Finnish garrison. In November 2009, we performed a serological survey among 984 recruits undergoing their military service at the garrison and related the results to self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with or without fever. Of 346 volunteers who donated a blood sample, 169 (49%) had pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus-specific antibodies. Of those, 84 (50%) reported no recent history of URTI, suggesting that a major part of those infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus may be asymptomatic.

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