scholarly journals Theoretical Modelling of Immobilization of Cadmium and Nickel in Soil Using Iron Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Vaidotas Danila ◽  
Saulius Vasarevičius
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Complexation Reactions

Immobilization using zero valent using iron nanoparticles is a soil remediation technology that reduces concentrations of dissolved contaminants in soil solution. Immobilization of heavy metals in soil can be achieved through heavy metals adsorption and surface complexation reactions. These processes result in adsorption of heavy metals from solution phase and thus reducing their mobility in soil. Theoretical modelling of heavy metals, namely, cadmium and nickel, adsorption using zero valent iron nanoparticles was conducted using Visual MINTEQ. Adsorption of cadmium and nickel from soil solutions were modelled separately and when these metals were dissolved together. Results have showed that iron nanoparticles can be successfully applied as an effective adsorbent for cadmium and nickel removal from soil solution by producing insoluble compounds. After conducting the modelling of dependences of Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions adsorption on soil solution pH using iron nanoparticles, it was found that increasing pH of solution results in the increase of these ions adsorption. Adsorption of cadmium reached approximately 100% when pH ≥ 8.0, and adsorption of nickel reached approximately 100% when pH ≥ 7.0. During the modelling, it was found that adsorption of heavy metals Cd and Ni mostly occur, when one heavy metal ion is chemically adsorbed on two sorption sites. During the adsorption modelling, when Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions were dissolved together in acidic phase, it was found that adsorption is slightly lower than modelling adsorption of these metals separately. It was influenced by the competition of Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions for sorption sites on the surface of iron nanoparticles.

Soil and soil solution chemistry of a New Zealand pasture soil amended with heavy metal-containing sewage sludge

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Free Metal ◽  
Soil Metal

The disposal of wastewater treatment sewage sludge onto agricultural land in New Zealand has led to the development of guidelines for the upper limit concentrations for total heavy metals in the underlying soil. However, those soil biological and biochemical processes now known to be most sensitive to environmental change are being used internationally to set new soil limits. The soil solution chemistry of a pasture soil amended with heavy metals has been used to assess the bioavailability of several important heavy metals. Field trial plots were treated with both spiked (Cu, Ni, or Zn) and unspiked sewage sludge to raise total soil metal concentrations, both above and below the current New Zealand guideline values. Soils were sampled pre-amendment in 1997 and post-amendment in 1998, 1999, and 2000. Soil solutions were extracted by centrifugation and analysed for pH, for concentrations of heavy metals, major cations and anions, and dissolved organic carbon. Heavy metal speciation was calculated with the GEOCHEM-PC model.Soil solution concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn increased with increasing levels of metal in the spiked sludge, reflecting increases in total soil metal concentrations. Cu concentrations changed little with time, but those of Ni and Zn tended to decrease. Cu was much more adsorbed by the soil than was Ni or Zn. The free metal ions, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ (representing the most 'bioavailable' fraction), were the dominant metal species in the soil solutions. Variations in free metal ion percentages with metal-spiking level depended on the balance between organic and sulfate complexation for Cu, but on sulfate complexation alone for Ni and Zn. Cu and Ni free metal-ion activities in soil solution were relatively low even at the highest metal loadings in the soil, but may be high enough to cause toxicity problems. Zn activities were very much higher, and at the regulatory limit for zinc likely to affect sensitive biological and biochemical properties of the soil.

scholarly journals The use of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and diffusive gradient in thin films for heavy metals speciation in soil solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dytrtová ◽  
Ivana Šestáková ◽  
Michal Jakl ◽  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
Daniela Miholová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Anodic Stripping

AbstractIn the soil solutions obtained in situ with suction cups from soils (Cambisol and Fluvisol) of pot experiment with Salix smithiana Smith, Lolium perenne L. and Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl heavy metals species (Cd, Pb and Cu) were assayed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry and diffusive gradient in thin films. Prediction of accumulation performed best at free metal ion concentrations in unchanged pH (in 10−3 mol L−1 NaClO4 base electrolyte). The speciation provided by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry according to pH can provide a detailed description of the soil solution matrix. The concentration of free metals in unchanged pH represents a small part of the total content and varied from 0.04 to 0.75% with two exceptions found for accumulating plants (the content of Cd2+ in the soil solution from T. caerulescens was about 6% and the content of Cu2+ in the soil solution from S. smithiana was about 30%). The available concentration as determined by diffusive gradient in thin films was not in correlation with the heavy metals concentration in plant biomass.

Zinc speciation in soil solutions of Vertisols

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
YP Dang ◽  
KG Tiller ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
DG Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Exchange Resins

Soil solutions were obtained by a centrifugation method from 14 unfertilised and fertilised Vertisols. The soil solutions were analysed for all major cations and anions and organic carbon (C). Chemical speciation of zinc (Zn) in the soil solutions calculated with the aid of the computer program GEOCHEM showed that Zn in tile soil solution exists mainly as free Zn2+ ions in these soils. Complexation of total soluble Zn by organic and inorganic ligands constituted 40% and 50%, respectively, of total soluble Zn in fertilised and unfertilised soil solutions. The organo-Zn complexes constituted <10% of the total soluble Zn. The inorganic Zn complexes, ZnHCO3+ and ZnCO3, constituted 60–75% of the total inorganic Zn complexes. The Zn complexes with SO24- and OH- were less than or equal to 5% each of the total inorganic species in unfertilised soils; ZnSOo4 complexes were more common in fertilised soils. The activities of Zn were extremely low (0.01–0.1 µM) in unfertilised soils and were inversely related to soil solution pH. The experimentally determined solubility lines for Zn2+ in the soil solution were undersaturated with respect to the solubility of any known mineral form of Zn. Zn2+ activity was mainly determined by adsorption-desorption reactions. The weak acid ion exchangers, Chelex-100 and Bio Rex-70, retained smaller amounts of Zn front the soil solutions than the strong acid exchangers, AG 50W X2, AG 50W X4, and AG 50w X8. Soil solution pH strongly affected Zn concentrations in soil solutions. The amount of total soluble Zn present as Zn2+ ions as calculated by GEOCHEM was highly correlated with tile amount of soluble Zn retained by the cation exchange resins. In the case of Chelex-100, these amounts were equal, confirming the usefulness of Chelex-100 to estimate Zn2+ ions.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Impregnated by Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (AC/nZVI) Optimized for Simultaneous Adsorption Furfural: Green Synthesis, Regeneration, Characterization, and Adsorption-Desorption Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Rashtbari ◽  
Shirin Afshin ◽  
Asghar Hamzezadeh ◽  
Soumya Ghosh ◽  
Ayoob Rastegar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Surface Adsorption ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract Furfural is an organic aromatic compound that has attracted considerable interest as a potential chemical for the production of biochemical and biofuels. However, furfural has proved to possess ecotoxic effect on the environment and to humans, therefore measures are required to prevent these effects. One of the most widely used methods for eliminating furfural is the surface adsorption process.The present study focused on the structure and morphology of the composite nanoparticles, investigated using FTIR, XRD, BET and FE-SEM techniques.Furthermore, the variables of time, solution pH, dosage composite and initial furfural were evaluated. Furfural adsorption was performed by spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 227 nm. The removal efficiency under optimal conditions for furfural (Furfural concentration of 250 mg/L, the composite dose of 4 g/L, the reaction time of 60 min and pH = 7) was 81.46%. In addition, the study of isotherm and adsorption kinetics for furfural showed that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm and quasi-quadratic kinetics. The qmax of the composite was determined by the Langmuir model of222.22 mg/g. Therefore, the present study exclusively showedthat the activated carbon coated with nZVI nanoparticles used as an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for furfural removal from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, this study could possibly have applied for the adsorbtion of other chemical cmpounds such as dyes,metronidazole,aniline.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Cr(VI) Ions using Activated Carbon Produced from Indian Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) Peel Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-880
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
D. P. Tiwari ◽  
Mamta Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Trapa Natans

The indiscriminate discharge of heavy metals into water and soil from anthropogenic practices is becoming prominent threat to the environment. Heavy metals like chromium, cadmium, lead, arsenic, nickel etc. are heavily toxic and carcinogenic in nature. This study emphasizes the adequacy of activated water chest nut (Trapa natans) peel powder as a new adsorbent material for removal of chromium(VI) metal ions. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch process. Various process parameters like contact time, temperature, solution pH, dose of adsorbent, metal ion concentration etc. were optimized. The physico-chemical properties of adsorbent material were characterized by FTIR and XRD. The morphology, topology of adsorbent surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) which revealed a highly porous structure and available specific surface area. The adsorption capacity (maximum) was counted as 59.17 mg/g and specific surface area was found 23.467 m2/g at a pH 7. The adsorption process for Cr(VI) ions was in a good agreement with Langmuir isotherm. The process also followed pseudo second order kinetics. The obtained result shows that activated water chest nut (Trapa natans) peel powder (AWCPP) can be a hopeful low-cost and eco-friendly bio-adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI) metal ions and also better adsorbent than other various reported adsorbents.

Sorption of Heavy Metal on Natural Clay

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804-2807
Author(s):  
Mircea Stefan ◽  
Adriana Bors ◽  
Daniela Simina Stefan ◽  
Ionut Alexandru Savu Radu ◽  
Cicerone Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Background Electrolyte ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Equilibrium Isotherms ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

Sorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite was studied as a function of solution pH and different concentrations of background electrolyte and also a function of added metal ion at constant pH. Equilibrium isotherms have been measured and analyzed using a Langmuir isotherm model. The metal ions were predominantly adsorbed on the permanent charge sites in a easily replaceable state. There was also evident a substantial involvement of the hydroxyl groups on the edges of Na-montmorillonite in specific adsorption of the cations especially at higher pH.

scholarly journals Adsorption/reduction of N-dimethylnitrosamine from aqueous solution using nano zero-valent iron nanoparticles supported on ordered mesoporous silica

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Xin ◽  
Shaohua Sun ◽  
Mingquan Wang ◽  
Qinghua Zhao ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Zero Valent Iron Nanoparticles ◽  
Mcm 41

N-Dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) has aroused increasing concern among public health agencies. It is necessary to develop some effective methods to remove NDMA from drinking water. A reductive process has been investigated as an alternative treatment method for NDMA removal from water. In this manuscript, zero-valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINPs) were synthesized, and then supported on mesoporous silica materials with high surface area (MCM-41) to prepare a stable ZVINP/MCM-41 nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction measurements showed the stabilization of the ZVINPs upon their support on MCM-41, which enhanced their activity. The ZVINP/MCM-41 nanocomposite was used for the catalytic reduction of NDMA in the model solution, and the results showed the dependency of the removal process on the ZVINP/MCM-41 mass, time of removal, and solution pH. The mechanism of NDMA reduction by ZVINP/MCM-41 was studied, and the results showed the conversion of NDMA to unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, dimethylamine (DMA) and NH4+. The product analysis found that in the process of removal, adsorption and reduction existed at the same time.

scholarly journals Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Cu(II) and Pb(II) Adsorption on Groundwater Treatment Sludge-Derived Manganese Dioxide for Wastewater Treatment Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Stephanie B. Tumampos ◽  
Benny Marie B. Ensano ◽  
Sheila Mae B. Pingul-Ong ◽  
Dennis C. Ong ◽  
Chi-Chuan Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Metal Ion Removal

The ubiquitous occurrence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment remains a serious environmental and health issue. The recovery of metals from wastes and their use for the abatement of toxic heavy metals from contaminated waters appear to be practical approaches. In this study, manganese was recovered from groundwater treatment sludge via reductive acid leaching and converted into spherical aggregates of high-purity MnO2. The as-synthesized MnO2 was used to adsorb Cu(II) and Pb(II) from single-component metal solutions. High metal uptake of 119.90 mg g−1 for Cu(II) and 177.89 mg g−1 for Pb(II) was attained at initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature of 200 mg L−1, 5.0, and 25 °C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the equilibrium metal adsorption, indicating that a single layer of Cu(II) or Pb(II) was formed on the surface of the MnO2 adsorbent. The pseudo-second-order model adequately fit the Cu(II) and Pb(II) kinetic data confirming that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic studies revealed that Cu(II) or Pb(II) adsorption onto MnO2 was spontaneous, endothermic, and had increased randomness. Overall, the use of MnO2 prepared from groundwater treatment sludge is an effective, economical, and environmentally sustainable substitute to expensive reagents for toxic metal ion removal from water matrices.

Copper, zinc, and nickel in soil solution affected by biosolids amendment and soil management

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Ion Activities ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Free Metal

Soil plots on a pasture were amended with biosolids spiked with copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), or zinc (Zn), resulting in maximum concentrations of 181 mg Cu, 58 mg Ni, and 296 mg Zn/kg in soil. Soil solutions from the plots were obtained by centrifugation for chemical analyses, and free metal ion activities (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) were computed from the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM). In the 3 years after biosolids amendment, the concentrations and activities of Cu, Ni, and Zn in soil solution increased with their amounts in biosolids. Copper and Ni concentrations in soil solution were higher than their critical concentrations recently reported in the literature. While Cu in soil solution was dominated by Cu-humic complexes, Ni2+ and Zn2+ were the majority species of the metals. Liming the soil plots to increase pH from 5.5 to ~7 greatly reduced the concentrations of the trace metals, particularly Zn; Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ were decreased by orders of magnitude 2–3, 2, and 1, respectively. Metal concentrations and activities fluctuated in the next 2 years as soil pH changed slightly and then after the use of elemental sulfur to acidify soil to pH ~6.5. Eight years after application of biosolids and through soil pH adjustment by lime and sulfur, Cu2+ and Zn2+ were very close to, and Ni2+ was a few times higher than, their corresponding baseline values. Maintaining a near neutral pH thus would be the key to keeping bioavailable metal concentrations low in a soil with an organic carbon content of 23.8 g/kg.

Concentrations of rare earth elements in some Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Diatloff ◽  
CJ Asher ◽  
FW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Soil Solutions

Total, exchangeable, and soil solution concentrations were measured for 15 rare earth elements (REEs) in 9 soils from Queensland and New South Wales. In a further 10 acid soils, effects of amendment with CaCO3 or CaSO4 . 2H2O were measured on the concentrations of REEs in soil solution. The total concentration of the REEs in soil solutions from unamended soils ranged from below the detection limit (0.007 µM) to 0.64 µM. Lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) were the REEs present in the greatest concentrations, the highest concentrations measured in the diverse suite of soils being 0.13 µM La and 0.51 µM Ce. Rare earth elements with higher atomic numbers were present in very low concentrations. Exchangeable REEs accounted for 0.07 to 12.6% of the total REEs measured in the soils. Addition of CaCO3 increased soil solution pH and decreased REE concentrations in soil solution, whilst CaSO4 . 2H2O decreased soil solution pH and increased the concentrations of REEs in soil solution. Solubility calculations suggest that CePO4 may be the phase controlling the concentration of Ce in soil solution.

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