scholarly journals ARE THE MARGINAL CONVERGENCE OUTCOMES OF THE COHESION POLICY DIMINISHING?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1390-1410
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė ◽  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Positive Return

Significant disparities still exist between regions of the European Union, even though substantial Cohesion investments are directed to address this issue. To adjust the Cohesion Policy (CP), researchers assess the returns of the CP, but almost all studies are carried out at NUTS1&2 or a country level, even though significant disparities occur at NUTS3 level. Moreover, just a few studies examine the non-linear effects of the CP, and none of them covers the NUTS3 disaggregation level. Filling the gap of previous contributions, the paper aims to investigate convergence outcomes of the CP at NUTS2&3 level and to identify whether the marginal effect of the CP is diminishing. The estimation strategy is based on the modified specification of the difference-in-differences estimator that has an advantage while examining policy effects, using non-experimental data. Based on research findings, the essential guidelines for the improvement of the CP can be drawn up: i) the distribution policy of Cohesion investments should focus on smaller territorial units to reduce disparities at NUTS3 level; ii) the intensity of the CP’s transfers has to be optimised because excessive intensity does not provide a positive return.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education. A Successful Pairing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Ángeles Caraballo ◽  
Eva Mª Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization

The many growing migratory flows render our societies increasingly heterogeneous. From the point of view of social welfare, achieving all the positive effects of diversity appears as a challenge for our societies. Nevertheless, while it is true that ethnolinguistic diversity involves costs and benefits, at a country level it seems that the former are greater than the latter, even more so when income inequality between ethnic groups is taken into account. In this respect, there is a vast literature at a macro level that shows that ethnolinguistic fragmentation induces lower income, which leads to the conclusion that part of the difference in income observed between countries can be attributed to their different levels of fragmentation. This paper presents primary evidence of the role of education in mitigating the adverse effects of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on the level of income. While the results show a negative association between fragmentation and income for all indices of diversity, the attainment of a certain level of education, especially secondary and tertiary, manages to reverse the sign of the marginal effect of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on income level. Since current societies are increasingly diverse, these results could have major economic policy implications.

scholarly journals NON-LINEAR AND LAGGING CONVERGENCE EFFECTS OF THE EU’S REGIONAL SUPPORT AT NUTS 3 LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas BUTKUS ◽  
Diana CIBULSKIENĖ ◽  
Alma MAČIULYTĖ-ŠNIUKIENĖ ◽  
Kristina MATUZEVIČIUTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Linear Convergence ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Impact

Reduction of the territorial disparities in terms of their development level is the main aim of the European Union’s (EU’s) regional support. Most of the previous studies investigate the linear relationship between support and growth at countries’ or NUTS1/2 disaggregation level, omitting the question on what is the impact of this support on regional convergence among NUTS3 regions and on whether non-linear effects occur. To fill this gap, we modified the difference-in-differences estimator to test empirically the non-linear convergence effects of the EU’s regional support at NUTS 3 level over the 2000-2006 programming period, taking into account the possible lagging effect. The results revealed that the impact of regional support on convergence is positive with the diminishing marginal effect as the intensity of payments is increasing. Moreover, we find evidence that the return is higher for the post-intervention compared with the intervention period, i.e. the convergence outcomes of the EU’s support occur in the long-run.

IFRS IMPLEMENTATION AS ONE OF THE FACTORS FOR IMPROVING THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Sova ◽  
◽  
Natalia Yatsenko ◽  
Denys Zagirniak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on changes in the investment climate in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is that improving the practice of applying IFRS as a tool for exchanging financial information is one of the key conditions for improving the investment climate in Ukraine. The authors have created the generalized scheme that illustrates the chronological list of enterprises that are required by law to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. It was noted that in 2018, in accordance with Part 2 of Article 12 of the law on accounting and financial reporting in Ukraine and resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 547 from 11.07.2018, the criteria of enterprises that are required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS were updated. This step significantly increased the level of application of international standards due to the adoption of such a decision at the legislative level. The dynamics of the number of IFRS enterprises in Ukraine was analyzed. The analysis showed that over the past three years, the number of almost all enterprises that must apply international standards has been growing. The advantages of using IFRS for different users of financial statements were determined. It was determined that the priority users of IFRS financial statements are investors. At the same time, it was noted that the main advantage for other users of financial statements prepared in accordance with international standards is the improvement of the investment climate. The dynamics of the Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine based on the Likert scale in the period from 2016 to 2020 was analyzed. The direct investment receipts to Ukraine from the European Union countries were studied. The dynamics of direct investment in the Ukrainian economy was analyzed for two types of economic activities that should form financial statements in accordance with IFRS, namely, the extractive industry and quarrying, as well as financial and insurance activities.

Research and approaches to the integration processes in the European Union

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Alexander Motsyk
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Integration Levels

The article is devoted to the study of modern trends of integration processes. We studied the methodological principles and approaches to the study of the integration of subjects. Specifically analyzed integration levels: individual, regional, domestic, interstate, global. Also, isolated and characterized various forms of integration: political, economic, informational, cultural and others. We analyzed the integration process as a result of the relationship, cooperation, convergence and integration into a single unit of any parts, components countries, their economies, social and political structures, cultural, social and political groups, ethnic groups, political parties, movements and organizations. It is proved that integration has several levels of development. Interaction at the level of enterprises and organizations (first level) – directly to producers of goods and services. The integration of the economies of the main links of different countries is complemented by the interaction at the country level (the second level). The third level of development of integration processes – interaction at the level of parties and organizations, social groups and individuals from different countries – can be defined as a social and political one. Fourth level – is the level of the actual integration group as an economic community, with its characteristics and peculiarities. It was noted that today is used by political science approaches to the study of integration. It is important to the following principles: federalism, functionalism, communicative approach, and others. Keywords: Integration, levels, approaches, studies, European integration, politics, economics, features

TERRITORIAL COHESION POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF EU REGIONAL SECURITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (Vol 18, No 4 (2019)) ◽  
pp. 439-453
Author(s):  
Ihor LISHCHYNSKYY
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of territorial cohesion policy in the European Union in order to achieve a secure regional coexistence. In particular, the regulatory and institutional origins of territorial cohesion policy in the EU are considered. The evolution of ontological models of cohesion policy has been outlined. Specifically, the emphasis is placed on the key objective of political geography – effectively combining the need for "territorialization" and the growing importance of networking. The role of urbanization processes in the context of cohesion policy is highlighted. Cross-border dimensions of cohesion policy in the context of interregional cooperation are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on the features of integrated sustainable development strategies.

scholarly journals The Concept of Multiple Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources: A Critical Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Michaela Makešová ◽  
Michaela Valentová
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multiple Impacts ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Full Picture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Environmental

Reaching climate neutrality by 2050 is one of the main long-term objectives of the European Union climate and energy policy, and renewable energy sources (RES) are integral parts of this transition. RES development results in many effects, direct and indirect, linked to each other, societal, local and individual, i.e., “multiple impacts of RES” (MI RES). These effects need to be carefully assessed and evaluated to obtain the full picture of energy field transformation and its context, and enable further development of RES. Nevertheless, the MI RES concept is often presented misleadingly and its scope varies throughout the literature. This paper provides a literature overview of the methodologies of this concept and presents a new concept of MI RES, respecting the difference between effects resulting from the implementation of RES and ultimate multiple impacts. We have summarized the effects into four groups: economic, social, environmental, and technical, which all lead to group of ultimate multiple impacts. Finally, we provide the complex overview of all MI RES and present the framework, which is used to analyze the multiple impacts and effects of RES and to show how the RES development leads and contributes to these impacts and effects. The concept is recommended to be considered in designing a robust energy policy by decision-makers.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Registration in Europe—Narrative Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Elitsa Hristova ◽  
Darina Koseva ◽  
Zornitsa Zlatarova ◽  
Klara Dokova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening ◽  
Remote Assessment ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Almost All

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable vision impairment and blindness in the European Region. Despite the fact that almost all European countries have some kind of prophylactic eye examination for people with diabetes, the examinations are not properly arranged and are not organized according to the principles of screening in medicine. In 2021, the current COVID-19 pandemic moved telemedicine to the forefront healthcare services. Due to that, a lot more patients could benefit from comfortable and faster access to ophthalmology specialist care. This study aimed to conduct a narrative literature review on current DR screening programs and registries in the European Union for the last 20 years. With the implementation of telemedicine in daily medical practice, performing screening programs became much more attainable. Remote assessment of retinal pictures simultaneously saves countries time, money, and other resources.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of sports consumption habits in Hungary, Poland and Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Paár ◽  
Antal Kovács ◽  
Miklós Stocker ◽  
Márk Hoffbauer ◽  
Attila Fazekas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Sports Consumption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sports Venues ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The so-called sports consumption models are looking for the factors that influence the sports spending of households. This paper aims to examine the Hungarian, Polish and German households’ sports expenditures which can be an important indicator of physical activity and sporty lifestyle. Methods Surveying of households in three countries (Hungary, Poland and Germany) has been conducted with a self-designed questionnaire. We have used descriptive and bivariate non-parametric and parametric statistical methods: (1) χ2 test, Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test for checking the relationship between sociodemographic and physical activity variables and (2) independent sample t-test and ANOVA for checking the differences in sports expenditures. Results Our research concluded that men, especially previous athletes, exercise more than women and those who have no history as registered athletes. The choice of sports venues is obviously different between the countries in the sample. Members of the study population spend the most on sports services while they spend the least on sports equipment. German households have the highest spending rates compared to the other two countries. Conclusions Results are in line with our previous research findings and with other literatures. The difference in preferences of sports venues could have the reason of different supply of sports clubs or the different living standards too. It needs further researches to clear it. Material wealth, income level and sport socialisation can be a determining factor regarding the level of sports spending.

Effect of Flaw Dimensions on Ductile Fracture Behavior of Non-Aligned Multiple Flaws in a Plate

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumasa Miyazaki ◽  
Kunio Hasegawa ◽  
Koichi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Fracture Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The fitness-for-service codes require the characterization of non-aligned multiple flaws for flaw evaluation, which is performed using a flaw proximity rule. Worldwide, almost all such codes provide their own proximity rule, often with unclear technical bases of the application of proximity rule to ductile or fully plastic fracture. In particular, the effect of flaw dimensions of multiple surface flaws on fully plastic fracture of non-aligned multiple flaws had not been clear. To clarify the effect of the difference of part through-wall and through-wall flaws on the behavior of fully plastic fracture, the fracture tests of flat plate specimens with non-aligned multiple part through-wall flaws were conducted. When the flaw depth a was shallow with 0.4 in ratio of a to thickness t, the maximum load Pmax occurred at penetration of multiple flaws and the effect of vertical distance of non-aligned multiple flaws H on Pmax was not so significant. However, when flaw depth was deep with 0.8 in a/t, Pmax occurred after penetration of flaws and the effect of H on Pmax could be seen clearly. It was judged that the through-wall flaw tests were appropriate for discussion of the effect of H on Pmax and the alignment rule of multiple flaws. In addition, in order to clarify the appropriate length parameter to estimate Pmax of test specimens with dissimilar non-aligned through-wall multiple flaws, the fracture tests of plate specimens were also conducted. The effect of different flaw length on Pmax was discussed with maximum, minimum and averages of dissimilar non-aligned multiple flaw lengths. Experimental results showed that the maximum length lmax would be an appropriate length parameter to estimate Pmax, when the non-aligned multiple through-wall flaws were dissimilar.

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