scholarly journals COOPERATIVE AND NON-COOPERATIVE R&D IN PRODUCT INNOVATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Karbowski
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
High Price ◽  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Business

The aim of this article is to investigate the impacts of cooperative and non-cooperative R&D strategies on product innovation and firm performance. Based on the industrial economics literature and the optimisation model, R&D competition, R&D cartelisation, and full industry cartelisation strategies of firms operating on a market with differentiated goods and simultaneous price and quality competition are considered. It is showed that R&D cartelisation entails a loss of firm’s product innovation compared with R&D competition. However, profit-maximising firms do not prefer the R&D competition strategy. They prefer to pursue either R&D cartelisation or full industry cartelisation strategies, depending on the elasticity of demand with respect to the firm’s investment in R&D. The social cost of R&D cartelisation is a loss of product innovation, and the social cost of full industry cartelisation is both the loss of product innovation and the loss of consumer surplus due to a relatively high price and low output of the final product. The latter results carry significant implications for the modern business and public policy.

scholarly journals Usefulness of the concept of social savings and consumer surplus in studies on the impact of innovation on economic growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Janusz Krzysztof Myszczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
High Price ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Good ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The main objective of the paper was to calculate social savings (and consumer surplus) of innovation on the example of railroads in Germany for 1985. The railways were among the most important innovations in the nineteenth century. Being aware of the limits of the social savings technique, the author included the concept of consumer surplus in his calculation Design / Research methods: For the purpose of the research, the author used the concept of social savings proposed by Robert Fogel and consumer surplus. Conclusions / findings: For the year 1895, social savings amounted to 2.82% (first equation) of GDP and 5.04% of GDP (second equation), taking into account elasticity of demand (-1,38), social savings amounted to 1.27% of GDP and 2.18% of GDP for Germany. The result thus elicited the author referred to the social savings from railroads as made available in literature and the author’s previous research. The author demonstrated that the social savings from the innovation were relatively small. Originality / value of the article: The results of research are useful for examining the impact of innovation, such as railroads, on the level of social savings. The paper fills the gap in the Polish economic thinking on the use of counterfactual methods. Implications of the research: The concept of social savings which takes into account demand elasticity can be applied successfully in evaluating the impact of (various) innovations on economic growth. Limitations of the research: The weakness of the method may be the lack of knowledge about the real level of elasticity of demand for innovation, as well as determining the level of prices of an alternative good, especially if the use of innovation at the initial stage of bringing it to the market involves a relatively high price.

scholarly journals OVERFISHING PADA PERIKANAN PUKAT CINCIN SEMI INDUSTRI DI LAUT JAWA DAN IMPLIKASI PENGELOLAANNYA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Suherman Banon Atmaja ◽  
Bambang Sadhotomo ◽  
Duto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Very High

Krisis perikanan merupakan akibat langsung penangkapan yang berlebihan pada sumber daya perikanan, yang antara lain disebabkan oleh teknologi penangkapan modern. Kini kemungkinan terjadi overfishing karena teknologi telah membuat armada penangkapan lebih mudah menuju ke lokasi gerombolanikan besar. Overfishing terjadi ketika suatu jenis ikan diambil lebih cepat dibanding dengan pembiakan stok spesies tersebut untuk menghasilkan penggantinya. Pada perikanan pukat cincin semi industri di Laut Jawa, paling sedikitnya telah terjadi economic overfishing, biological overfishing, dan Malthusian overfishing, di mana biaya ekonomi penangkapan yang mahal untuk hasil sedikit, dan nelayan mengorbankan biaya sosial dengan meninggalkan keluarga semakin lama akibat sulit mencari gerombolan ikan.Supposedly fisheries crisis is a direct result of the severe over harvesting of fisheries resources brought about among other by modern fishing technologies. Overfishing is possible today because technology has made it easier to locate large schools of fish and direct fishing fleets to those locations. Overfishing occurswhen a species is taken more rapidly than the breeding stock of that species can generate replacements. In the purse seiners semi industry fisheries in the Java Sea, at least there have been economic overfishing, biological overfishing, and Malthusian overfishing, where the economic cost of catching a very high price for a bit, and fishermen have to sacrifice the social cost of leaving the family longer because they are hard to find the fish schooling.

The social cost of materialistic preferences

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross P. Crothers ◽  
Jacqueline M. Diggs ◽  
Darwin A. Guevarra ◽  
Jia Wei Zhang ◽  
Ryan T. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
The Social

The Social Cost of Cheap Food

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÉBASTIEN RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Social Cost ◽  
The Social

Judges and defendants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Scientific Publishers

This chapter explores how validation of new results works in science. It also looks at the peer-review process, both pros and cons, as well as scientific communication, scientific journals, and scientific publishers. We give an assessment of the total number of existing journals with peer review. Other topics discussed include the phenomenon of open access, predatory journals and their impact on contemporary science, and the market of scientific publications. Finally, we touch on degenerative phenomena, such as the market of co-authors, bogus papers, and irrelevant and wrong studies, as well as the problem and the social cost of irreproducible results.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Media on Firm Performance and Customer Relations-Evidence from Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Asare Evans Kwabena ◽  
Kaodui Li ◽  
Osei-Assibey Mandella Bonsu ◽  
Obeng Belinda Faamaa ◽  
Baah Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Customer Relations ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The possibilities for companies to reach out more people to get in-depth understanding about brand, products, and services is through social media pages. We examined effects of social media on performance and customer relations of companies in Ghana. We obtained data from 390 respondents through structured questionnaires, and was analyzed with statistical package for social science (SPSS). The findings indicate increased awareness and usage of social media by companies in Ghana. However, customer’s desire for a products could be influence by company’s advertisement through social media post. We established that, managers are expectant with the use of social media enhancing customer’s relationship. Therefore, managers should modify their website to complement the social media strategies, identify the actions, wants and demands of customers to improve performance. We discussed several managerial recommendations.

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