scholarly journals Usefulness of the concept of social savings and consumer surplus in studies on the impact of innovation on economic growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Janusz Krzysztof Myszczyszyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
High Price ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Good ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The main objective of the paper was to calculate social savings (and consumer surplus) of innovation on the example of railroads in Germany for 1985. The railways were among the most important innovations in the nineteenth century. Being aware of the limits of the social savings technique, the author included the concept of consumer surplus in his calculation Design / Research methods: For the purpose of the research, the author used the concept of social savings proposed by Robert Fogel and consumer surplus. Conclusions / findings: For the year 1895, social savings amounted to 2.82% (first equation) of GDP and 5.04% of GDP (second equation), taking into account elasticity of demand (-1,38), social savings amounted to 1.27% of GDP and 2.18% of GDP for Germany. The result thus elicited the author referred to the social savings from railroads as made available in literature and the author’s previous research. The author demonstrated that the social savings from the innovation were relatively small. Originality / value of the article: The results of research are useful for examining the impact of innovation, such as railroads, on the level of social savings. The paper fills the gap in the Polish economic thinking on the use of counterfactual methods. Implications of the research: The concept of social savings which takes into account demand elasticity can be applied successfully in evaluating the impact of (various) innovations on economic growth. Limitations of the research: The weakness of the method may be the lack of knowledge about the real level of elasticity of demand for innovation, as well as determining the level of prices of an alternative good, especially if the use of innovation at the initial stage of bringing it to the market involves a relatively high price.

scholarly journals COOPERATIVE AND NON-COOPERATIVE R&D IN PRODUCT INNOVATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Karbowski
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
High Price ◽  
Competition Strategy ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Business

The aim of this article is to investigate the impacts of cooperative and non-cooperative R&D strategies on product innovation and firm performance. Based on the industrial economics literature and the optimisation model, R&D competition, R&D cartelisation, and full industry cartelisation strategies of firms operating on a market with differentiated goods and simultaneous price and quality competition are considered. It is showed that R&D cartelisation entails a loss of firm’s product innovation compared with R&D competition. However, profit-maximising firms do not prefer the R&D competition strategy. They prefer to pursue either R&D cartelisation or full industry cartelisation strategies, depending on the elasticity of demand with respect to the firm’s investment in R&D. The social cost of R&D cartelisation is a loss of product innovation, and the social cost of full industry cartelisation is both the loss of product innovation and the loss of consumer surplus due to a relatively high price and low output of the final product. The latter results carry significant implications for the modern business and public policy.

Cloud computing demand elasticity algorithm based on ant colony algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Fengrui Mu ◽  
Weilong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Theory Of Elasticity ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Network Load ◽  
Network Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In recent era of technology, the traditional Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) is insufficient in solving the problem of network congestion and load balance, and network utilization. Methods: This paper proposes an improved ant colony algorithm, which considers the price factor based on the theory of elasticity of demand. The price factor is denominated in the impact on the network load which means indirect control of network load, congestion or auxiliary solution to calculate the idle resources caused by the low network utilization and reduced profits. Results: Experimental results show that the improved algorithm can balance the overall network load, extend the life of path by nearly 3 hours, greatly reduce the risk of network paralysis, and increase the profit of the manufacturer by 300 million Yuan. Conclusion: Furthermore, results shows that the improved method has a great application value in improving the network efficiency, balancing network load, prolonging network life and increasing network operating profit.

The design capabilities of dynamic teams pursuing innovation in an academic context

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia COULSON ◽  
Mel WOODS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Dynamic Teams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Industry

Design research is moving beyond the study of industry based practices and towards the stewardship of design-led innovation for business development and economic growth. To this end, it is now required to evidence the benefits it creates. To examine these notions further this paper presents an approach for design-led innovation within an academic context. The authors build on the concept of design capabilities to develop a framework of evaluation that provides a platform for which the impact and value of design to industry and the formation of diverse teams can be critically discussed. Furthermore, this study contributes to the burgeoning cognisance of design capabilities as a means to understand value, by indicating potential pathways towards yet further application of design research in the industry context. It closes with reflections and reveals how lessons from this study can contribute to future of university-industry partnership working. 

scholarly journals Promotion Des Exportations Des Produits Industriels, Emploi Et Revenu Des Menages Au Maroc. Une Simulation D’impact A L’aide D’un Modele De Multiplicateurs De La Matrice De Comptabilite Sociale

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (25) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Nouzha Zaoujal ◽  
Rachid El Mataoui
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to analyze empirically the impact of increased exports of industrial products on employment, household income (rich, average and poor) and sectoral and global economic growth in Morocco. The methodological approach used is the multiplier techniques based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). For this we use the 2015 Morocco’s SAM. The results indicate that a generally positive impact on all sectoral and macroeconomic aggregates (production, added value, employment, transactions balance and GDP). For household’s income, the results indicate also that the impact would have benefited to the average households more than rich or poor households.

Clarification of research design, research methods, and research methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-258
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abutabenjeh ◽  
Raed Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Research design is a critical topic that is central to research studies in science, social science, and many other disciplines. After identifying the research topic and formulating questions, selecting the appropriate design is perhaps the most important decision a researcher makes. Currently, there is a plethora of literature presenting multiple approaches to the formulation of research design. Although the existence of multiple approaches is a powerful source in the development of a research design, new public administration (PA) researchers and students may see it as a source of confusion because there is a lack of clarity in the literature about the approaches to research design, research methods, and research methodology in the social sciences. The purpose of this research paper is to lessen the confusion over research design and offer a better understanding of these approaches. The comparison analysis obtained in this research can provide guidance for PA researchers, students and practitioners when considering the research design most appropriate for their study. To achieve the research purpose, a comparison analysis was conducted to study the differences in research design perspectives and approaches. Three dominant works related to research design, by Earl R. Babbie, Elizabethann O’Sullivan et al., and John W. Creswell, were selected as representative of the wide array of approaches in the PA literature. In identifying similarities and differences across the scholars’ approaches, the analysis includes: (a) definitions of and steps in research design, and (b) the perspectives on research methods and research methodology. The analysis showed that research design approaches are convergent and divergent and that it is necessary for PA researchers and students to be knowledgeable about the various research design approaches before selecting a specific design for their research. An example scenario was provided to show the impact of different perspectives on research design in the PA literature.

The Cost of China`s Economic Success

2007 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
V. Gelbras
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
High Price ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost

China has achieved great results in economic growth. But the country has had to pay a high price for them. Slowing dynamics of the domestic market, growing gap in the social and economic development of regions, impoverishment of its rural population are a small number of existing problems caused by China’s attempts to catch up with the world leader - the USA.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-557
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Casino Industry ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Baylor University ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Tax ◽  
The Impact

Earl L. Grinols, Distinguished Professor of Economics, Baylor University, reviews “Casinonomics: The Socioeconomic Impacts of the Casino Industry”, by Douglas M. Walker. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores empirical, conceptual, and theoretical issues surrounding the economic impacts of the commercial casino industry. Discusses casinos and economic growth; gambling, consumer behavior, and welfare; misconceptions about casinos and economic growth; analysis of the relationship between casinos and economic growth; recent evidence on casinos and economic growth; the impact of casinos on state tax revenues; casinos and drunk driving fatalities; gambling, crime, binge drinking, drug use, and hiring prostitutes; gambling and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; the social costs of gambling; issues in social cost analysis; is gambling an ““unproductive'' activity?; casinos and crime—a review of the literature; casinos and commercial real estate values—a case study of Detroit; relationships among gambling industries; and past and future. Walker is with the Department of Economics and Finance at the College of Charleston.”

scholarly journals Modele gospodarki rynkowej a wzrost gospodarczy i jego wahania

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Stanisław Swadźba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to show the impact of the economic system (economic model) on the rate of economic growth and its fluctuations. Research method – Various research methods were used, including: descriptive analysis, comparative analysis of the economic systems and the analysis of statistical data on economic growth in 12 countries. The quantitative analysis was based on the latest available statistical data from the Eurostat and the World Bank database. Results – The economic growth rate and its fluctuations vary across countries. However, some of them are very similar. Most often these are the countries with a similar economic system. The countries that represent the Mediterranean model and the social market economy model are the most similar. We can also speak of a certain similarity in the case of countries belonging to the neoliberal model, and its lack in the welfare state model. Countries representing the Mediterranean model cope with economic growth and its stability in the worst way. On the other hand, the stability of economic growth and good coping with cyclicality are characteristic of the countries implementing the social market economy model. Originality /value – This article deals with issues that are rarely discussed in the literature. So, to some extent, it completes the existing research gap.

scholarly journals Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Perdagangan Komoditas Pertanian di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 950-961
Author(s):  
Fitria Sadiyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Price ◽  
Stock Management ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze economic growth in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic by using the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with a comparison of the previous year in the same quarter (y-on-y) and also a comparison with the previous quarter (q-to-y). q). The second objective of this research is to analyze price disparities, price fluctuations, and the trade balance of agricultural commodities. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results of this study explain that economic growth in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic has decreased, starting from the second quarter of 2020 to the first quarter of 2021. Meanwhile, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the agricultural commodity trading sector, namely the existence of a high price disparity reaching above 50% in several commodities such as chicken meat, red chili, beef, and shallots. However, there is price stability for rice, chicken eggs, cooking oil, and sugar commodities. In the trade balance during the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a deficit of 14 thousand tons for beef/buffalo commodities in the January-May 2021 period, while other staple food commodities experienced a surplus. To overcome the problems of trade and economic growth in the agricultural sector, the government should integrate the main market network, improve stock management and logistics, and increase production

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