scholarly journals From the Guilty City to the Ideas of Alternative Urbanization and Alternative Modernity: Anti-Urbanism as a Border-Zone of City-Philosophy and Cultural Criticism in the Interwar Hungarian Political Thought

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
German Origin ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

The phenomenon of anti-urbanism has accompanied the process of modernisation since the emergence of modernity. The city, the modern metropolis played a vital role in this transition from premodern world to modern era. The metamorphosis of archaic structures, including the fields of economy, society and thinking, are inevitably associated with tensions engendering aversion against the city. Anti-urbanism appeared sporadically everywhere, as a continuous tradition, it emerged at two remote corners of the world: in United States and Germany. Hungarian anti-urbanism of the interwar period had been motivated by the shock of the disintegration of the “Historical Greater Hungary”. The motif of guilty city emerged in the atmosphere of scapegoating: Budapest appeared as incompatible with Hungarian national character. These ruminations about the role of city were embedded in a special context mixing city-philosophy, cultural criticism, German-origin crisis philosophy, political philosophy and national characterology. It was a peculiar mixture in the Central European region: Hungarian interwar thought, from this respect, follows the regional patterns.

scholarly journals PROTESTANT MILITARY HUMANISM IN EARLY STUART IRELAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ALAN ORR
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Civic Values ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Strong Commitment ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article addresses the role of Protestant military humanism in early Stuart Ireland. The central argument is that Protestant military humanism as embodied in the works of such authors as Geoffrey Gates (fl. 1566–80) and Barnabe Rich (1541–1617) played a vital role in the Jacobean plantation of Ulster. These authors combined a strong commitment to the Protestant religion with the conviction that martial virtue was essential for the preservation of the commonwealth against the threats of domestic rebellion and foreign domination. The example of the soldier-planter Sir Thomas Phillips of Limavady (c. 1560–1636) and his criticisms of the City of London's plantation in Derry during the 1620s demonstrates that military humanist values not only offered a persuasive rationale for colonization, but also significantly shaped the course of plantation on the ground. Phillips's lengthy conflict with the City of London demonstrated a fundamental disjuncture between his own Protestant military humanist outlook, and the City's own understanding of its civilizing mission in Ireland; however, rather than a conflict between aristocratic and civic values, close study reveals instead a struggle grounded in competing hierarchies of civic values.

scholarly journals FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SPACES IN THE PROCESS OF CITY EVOLUTION - FROM ANCIENT TIMES TO MODERNISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-368
Author(s):  
Olena Oliynyk
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

The processes of historical development of cities and formation of public spaces are considered. It is established that open public spaces have always been the basis for the formation of cities. In ancient times (Greece), the network of open-closed spaces was interpreted as the only public space of the city and was a sign of its democracy. With the strengthening of imperial power (Rome), the structure of public spaces becomes deterministic, with a certain direction of movement. In the Middle Ages there is a sacralization of space, which is replaced by its formalization in the Renaissance; further aestheticization of spaces intensifies, their new types appear. The era of modernism changed the spatial paradigm of the traditional city, which led to the loss of historically composed types of public spaces. At the same time, the modern era is characterized by the gradual convergence of external and internal space and their democratization.   

scholarly journals IMPACT OF STREETSCAPING ON HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Kavya Trivedi ◽  
Soma Anil Mishra ◽  
Kunika Gehlot
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This research is subjected to the study of the impact of street scape on human psychology. The study mainly focuses on the importance of the design of sidewalks on the street so that it can’t become the space for the criminal activities as described by the journalist jane Jacobs. The research also aims to study the role of urbanization in changing the street scaping of the cities. The study comprises of the statistical data which is the output of the survey conducted by the researcher and live case study of the streets of two cities i.e. Chandigarh and Pune.42% Part of the city are imbued with streets and therefore they play a vital role on the psychology of a human being. Keeping this in mind, the research is made on how streets could be designed in a manner that create the surrounding safe and happier to live.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF FORMER SOCIALIST CITIES IN HUNGARY: THE CASE OF DUNAÚJVÁROS AND ÓZD

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Györgyi Németh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Film History ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Model Community ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Socialist cities were assigned a vital role in the countries of the Eastern Bloc. Their establishment was primarily due to accelerated industrialisation designed to enhance the economic and political strength of the communist system worldwide. In addition, they were also to function as communist melting pots, providing inspiring spaces for the emergence of the archetype of the new socialist man and its model community. It is not surprising that socialist cities were fundamentally shaken by the change of the political system in the 1990s, which challenged their relation to industrialisation and the industrial heritage. Through the case study of two socialist cities in Hungary, Ózd and Dunaújváros (the latter formerly called Sztálinváros, Stalin-City), the paper aims to present the wavering evaluation of the industrial heritage over the three decades following the regime change and showcase how its various values became finally accommodated in the transformation of the cities. In Ózd, the monument protection and high-level reconstruction of the buildings of the former ironworks’ reading society and managers’ casino, as well as the innovative reuse of workshops like the Digital Power Plant and the National Film History Theme Park provide excellent examples of industrial heritage-based urban development. In Dunaújváros, the recent monument protection of the outstanding buildings of socialist realism and the newly-elaborated tourist route presenting their values facilitate understanding the past and improve the attractivity of the city. Methodologically, this paper will focus on comparative analysis instead of plain description in order to expose the multiple developments which were leading to the appreciation and utilisation of industrial heritage promoting sustainability in these two cities.

The Changing Memories of Jewish Budapest: Pre- and Post-Holocaust Representations of a City

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mnemonic Device ◽  
Central European Region ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dual Image ◽  
The City

Budapest was the home to one of the largest Jewish communities in the central European region before the Holocaust, and the history of the city becoming a metropolis at the turn of the twentieth century cannot be told without its Jewish inhabitants. This paper examines the scholarly established notion of the Jewish Budapest by including its modern history, literature, and the city's cultural heritage of architecture. The intersection of the several aspects establishes a conceptual framework that shows how the Jewish Budapest is considered a lively home before the Shoah, and remembered after the Shoah in a new light. The perception of Jewish Budapest presents itself as visible and invisible, and my line of investigation regards both as long as they are conveyed in the writings of Ernő Szép, Tamás Kóbor, Ferenc Molnár, Imre Kertész, and Susan Robin Suleiman. The memory of Budapest might be a colorful image turned into gray, yet eventually the artistic utterances after 1945 present the mnemonic device of a dual image of Budapest, resulting in a more complex vision.

Staging Laughter and Tears: Libanius, Chrysostom and the Riot of the Statues

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. Stenger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Society ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
The Public ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Christian Society

The Riot of the Statues in 387 CE was a decisive moment in the history of Antioch in Syria. After the revolt, tears and public lamentations took over, as the inhabitants awaited imperial punishment. In the course of the crisis the rhetorician Libanius and the preacher John Chrysostom each tried to negotiate a settlement of the dispute between the authorities and the city. Their speeches depict dramatic scenes of collective weeping and lamentation and thus reflect not only emotional states but also the public use of tears. In doing so, they shine light on the theatrical qualities of emotional responses in social interaction. The analysis of the purposes for which both authors exploit the themes of laughing and wailing reveals two contrasting attitudes to urban society and oratory. While both recognise the vital role of laughter and tears in managing social relationships, Libanius’ representation of emotional expressions aims to eulogise the virtues of an imperial officer and maintain the traditional order of society. Chrysostom, by contrast, teaches his audience which emotions are acceptable in a Christian society and which are not. His aim is to implement an emotion management that is oriented towards the heavenly realm.

Cancer Microbiome: Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nallanchakravarthula Srivathsa ◽  
Narayanappa Amruta ◽  
Chitteti Ramamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Modern Era

Background: The microbes and host association emerged as a modulator in the modern era of medicine.The cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as a Cancer Microbiome. Cancer and microbiome have complex characteristics in terms of metabolic plasticity, micro environment remodelling, cellular communications and unique signatures within the host. These hallmark signs have a vital role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of host physiology.However, in the cancer the role of microbiome still needs to be explored. It is pivotal to review such hall mark signatures of microbiome and its role in cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of microbiome in cancer metabolism and tumour microenvi-ronment. It also focuses on importance of therapeutic opportunities and challenges in terms of manipulation of cancer mi-crobiome. Methods: The literature search is based on the notion of microbiome has role in cancer initiation, progression and therapy. Conclusion: The tumour micro environment and cancer metabolism are playing a significant in host-microbiome interactions. Microbiome can modulate the typical cancer therapies like chemo and immuno therapies in standard of care. The microbiome transplantation has been demonstrated as an effective therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of microbiome also has potential clinical outcomes in modern medicine.

scholarly journals Psychological Impacts of Architectural Design on Living Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Salam
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
Conversational Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Architectural Spaces

With the advancement of modern era, architects have seen the architectural spaces as aesthetical masterpieces focusing more on their style, composition, pedigree, form, symbolism, allegory etc and how wonderful they look from the street then their design having an impact on its user and its value in terms of cognitive health, functionality and social determinant of mental and physical wellbeing. It is a well-known fact that our environment and surroundings play a vital role on our moods and health. More aesthetically improved, but not very smartly designed space affects our disposition and vigor. This situation leads to various health issues which can easily be curtailed with the proper use of architectural techniques employed. The Aim of the research paper is to identify the situation on hand around the city of Karachi and to focus upon the fact that people are socially, morally, ethically and physically at a state of ultimate distress and how the environment responsive architectural spaces can be wholesome for the human if they are more nearer to natural instincts then phoniness. The adopted methodology for this research was observational with qualitative comparisons of stakeholders with conversational interviews from the context of Pakistan specifically Karachi. Information for this was gathered through concentrated primary and secondary research methods both qualitative and quantitative.

scholarly journals GRAFFITI CHANGE IN A DECADE, BECOME A COMMERCIAL COMMODITY IN THE CITY OF SURABAYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Aryo Bayu Wibisono ◽  
Ryan Rizki Herdianto
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Field Technique ◽  
The Media ◽  
Commercial Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era

Commodity Graffiti is the art of the streets that adorned cities in the modern era. Graffiti is a culture that cannot be separated from the role of human communal in certain areas, in addition to show on the group existence , graffiti often perceived as markers an epoch. Graffiti but is no longer owned by groups that feel they own the art of course, Graffiti develops into a medium that transformed and give oasis in urban cities Surabaya. Research with the title “Change Graffiti On a decade, into a Commercial Commodity in the city of Surabaya” will break down how and what factors make Graffiti in the era of modernity is now turned towards the commercial. Research method used to unravel Graffiti changes in Surabaya first with the observation field technique to Graffiti artist or advertisers, second analysis of interviews with Graffiti stakeholders and the last book, literature journals as well as the media as secondary data research to supporting.

scholarly journals Psychological Impacts of Architectural Design on Living Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Madiha Salam
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
Conversational Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Architectural Spaces

With the advancement of modern era, architects have seen the architectural spaces as aesthetical masterpieces focusing more on their style, composition, pedigree, form, symbolism, allegory etc and how wonderful they look from the street then their design having an impact on its user and its value in terms of cognitive health, functionality and social determinant of mental and physical wellbeing. It is a well-known fact that our environment and surroundings play a vital role on our moods and health. More aesthetically improved, but not very smartly designed space affects our disposition and vigor. This situation leads to various health issues which can easily be curtailed with the proper use of architectural techniques employed. The Aim of the research paper is to identify the situation on hand around the city of Karachi and to focus upon the fact that people are socially, morally, ethically and physically at a state of ultimate distress and how the environment responsive architectural spaces can be wholesome for the human if they are more nearer to natural instincts then phoniness. The adopted methodology for this research was observational with qualitative comparisons of stakeholders with conversational interviews from the context of Pakistan specifically Karachi. Information for this was gathered through concentrated primary and secondary research methods both qualitative and quantitative.

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