Foreign Market Selection Methods in a Changing International Trade Environment: the Case of Lithuanian SMEs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigitas Brazinskas
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains

International business environment is changing: globalization, trade sanctions, domestic regulations, international operations across different cultures, importance of communication, demand of sustainable supply chains and other factors force companies to diversify their markets continuously, adapt foreign market development strategies and meet market requirements at a large scale. A dilemma for SMEs is obvious as the future road in foreign market selection is uncertain: global or regional approach has to be followed. The objective of this paper is to unravel and assess market selection methods and market diversification situation as well as analyze their future strategic international trade trends in regional and global perspective. Implemented on-line survey of 450 Lithuanian vendors aimed to unlock and answer methods used in market selection, analyze market diversification situation and assess future approach towards regional and global development. The survey results reveal the perspective of Lithuanian vendors regarding their approach to use market selection methods, a demand of more formal and research based approach as well as development components versus promotion. By incorporating view on diversification, market selection methods and future market entries methods, the paper provides with a more complete view on international trade strategies development set for SMEs and their five-year vision of regional integration approach.

scholarly journals Strategic resources and smallholder performance at the bottom of the pyramid

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Olthaar ◽  
Wilfred Dolfsma ◽  
Clemens Lutz ◽  
Florian Noseleit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resource Based Theory

In a competitive business environment at the Bottom of the Pyramid smallholders supplying global value chains may be thought to be at the whims of downstream large-scale players and local market forces, leaving no room for strategic entrepreneurial behavior. In such a context we test the relationship between the use of strategic resources and firm performance. We adopt the Resource Based Theory and show that seemingly homogenous smallholders deploy resources differently and, consequently, some do outperform others. We argue that the ‘resource-based theory’ results in a more fine-grained understanding of smallholder performance than approaches generally applied in agricultural economics. We develop a mixed-method approach that allows one to pinpoint relevant, industry-specific resources, and allows for empirical identification of the relative contribution of each resource to competitive advantage. The results show that proper use of quality labor, storage facilities, time of selling, and availability of animals are key capabilities.

scholarly journals Forecast of International Trade of Lithium Carbonate Products in Importing Countries and Small-Scale Exporting Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
Zhiliang Dong ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Peixiang Jiang ◽  
Cuizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Structure Of Trade

As the raw material of lithium-ion batteries, lithium carbonate plays an important role in the development of new energy field. Due to the extremely uneven distribution of lithium resources in the world, the security of supply in countries with less say would be greatly threatened if trade restrictions or other accidents occurred in large-scale exporting countries. It is of great significance to help these countries find new partners based on the existing trade topology. This study uses the link prediction method, based on the perspective of the topological structure of trade networks in various countries and trade rules, and eliminates the influence of large-scale lithium carbonate exporting countries on the lithium carbonate trade of other countries, to find potential lithium carbonate trade links among importing and small-scale exporting countries, and summarizes three trade rules: (1) in potential relationships involving two net importers, a relationship involving either China or the Netherlands is more likely to occur; (2) for all potential relationships, a relationship that actually occurred for more than two years in the period in 2009–2018 is more likely to occur in the future; and (3) potential relationships pairing a net exporter with a net importer are more likely to occur than other country combinations. The results show that over the next five to six years, Denmark and Italy, Netherlands and South Africa, Turkey and USA are most likely to have a lithium carbonate trading relationship, while Slovenia and USA, and Belgium and Thailand are the least likely to trade lithium carbonate. Through this study, we can strengthen the supply security of lithium carbonate resources in international trade, and provide international trade policy recommendations for the governments of importing countries and small-scale exporting countries.

Development of Composite Indicators of Cyclical Response in Business Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
L. A. Kitrar ◽  
T. M. Lipkind
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Composite Indicators ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Output

The article proposes a new set of composite indicators-predictors in business tendency surveys, which allow identifying early information signals of a cyclical nature in the economic behavior of business agents. The main criterion for the efficiency of such indicators is their sensitivity to a cyclical pattern and changes in the dynamics of statistical referents. Property such as a statistically significant lead in time series or earlier publication allows them to be combined into indicators of early response. The composite Business Activity Indicator (BAI) in the basic sectors of the Russian economy is calculated by the authors for the first time based on the results of regular (monthly and quarterly) business surveys of Rosstat for 1998–2020 with a large-scale coverage of sampling units. In 2020, the number of survey respondents averaged about 20,000 organizations of all sizes. The index reflects the «common» profile in the dynamics of short-term fluctuations of the key parameters of the economic environment, which consists of the «balances of opinions» of respondents to the questions unified for all sectoral surveys and connected with the reference quantitative statistics with cross-correlation coefficients that are statistically significantly different from zero, with a lead at least one quarter. This is its main difference from the well-known indices of economic sentiment and entrepreneurial confidence. The main components of the BAI are the new composite indices of real demand, current output, real employment, total profits and economic situation. They aggregate the relevant «order» statistics for the basic sectors of the national economy, including the main kinds of industrial activities, retail trade, construction, and services.The article provides a methodological substantiation and an extended procedure for identifying the BAI components; their composition is formed for the entire set of retrospective results of business tendency monitoring in Russia. A new Aggregate Economic Vulnerability Indicator with a counterdirectional profile and varying degrees of symmetry of its dynamics relative to the short-term movement of the BAI is being introduced as the main limitation of business activity. Proactive monitoring of emerging vulnerabilities in the business environment is necessary to warn their large-scale accumulation, prevent the risks of economic downturns and ensure the highest possible macroeconomic stability. This integrated approach makes it possible to determine the novelty of the proposed measurements of short-term cyclical fluctuations in economic development.

Globalization of Regionalism: Challenges and Risks for Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
V. Obolenskiy
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Trade And Investment

TЕhe article deals with the intensive development of the process of regionalization of the world trade and analyzes grounds for this process. It traces the evolution of regional trade agreements which account for the constant growth of mutual deliveries. The author pays attention to the transformation of regionalism which acquires step by step transcontinental character. The article states that the regional integration apart from the positive influence on trade and investment flow also has negative effects, namely erosion of the regime of most-favored-nation treatment and threats of the beginning of chaos in the international trade and investment exchange. The author studies projects of the creation of global superblocks of the integration type – Transatlantic, Eastern Asiatic, Asiatic -Pacific. In author’s opinion, their emergence will lead to radical changes of the institutional configuration of the world economic space which will turn into a two-level structure. On the first level rules of the multilateral trade system (WTO) will be applied. On the second level principles and regulations fixed by global multilateral trade and economic agreements with participation of all leaders of the international trade will act. The author concludes that Russia has to choose optimal direction of its participation in the global economic. Correspondingly, attention is paid to the problems and risks inherent in its connection with transcontinental trade and economic agreements which are objects of multilateral negotiations at the present time. In particular, the author states that in case of establishment of “mild” forms of integration in the Asiatic -Pacific or European directions Russia will have to open – completely or to a great extent – its domestic market for goods from the countries of the regions mentioned. The losses caused by such a disclosure might outweigh the benefits from liberalization of the access to the markets of partner countries.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Feature Selection Methods for High Dimensional Data: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Siva Sankari Subbiah ◽  
Jayakumar Chinnappan
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Dimensional Data ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Now a day, all the organizations collecting huge volume of data without knowing its usefulness. The fast development of Internet helps the organizations to capture data in many different formats through Internet of Things (IoT), social media and from other disparate sources. The dimension of the dataset increases day by day at an extraordinary rate resulting in large scale dataset with high dimensionality. The present paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of feature selection for processing the high dimensional data with reduced complexity and improved accuracy. In the modern big data world the feature selection has a significance in reducing the dimensionality and overfitting of the learning process. Many feature selection methods have been proposed by researchers for obtaining more relevant features especially from the big datasets that helps to provide accurate learning results without degradation in performance. This paper discusses the importance of feature selection, basic feature selection approaches, centralized and distributed big data processing using Hadoop and Spark, challenges of feature selection and provides the summary of the related research work done by various researchers. As a result, the big data analysis with the feature selection improves the accuracy of the learning.

scholarly journals Business Climate Versus the Attraction of Direct Foreign Investments in Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Dritan Shoraj ◽  
Perparim Dervishi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Market ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Foreign Companies

There are statistics that foreign direct investments (FDI) in Albania have significantly declined. Business climate and skill of policies to attract FDI in Albania has apparently not impacted the promotion of investments from foreign businesses. This study assesses the business environment disadvantages and the readiness and availability of foreign investors to take risks with their investments in a foreign market facing the business climate of the host country, as well as the skill or failure of the latter for long term cooperation. Some basic components of the business climate in Albania, impact and their attractiveness to foreign investors will be analyzed and assessed. The research methodology selected for this study is the quantitative one, where a number of about 100 CEO and administrators of medium and big foreign companies in Albania have been planned to be interviewed. The measuring instrument will be standardized and after data collection, a series of analyses will be built such as correlation, means, standard deviations, frequencies, Chi-square (χ2) where the value p00.5. Analysis of variables will be realized through SPSS program. The study will be closed with relevant conclusions and recommendations.

scholarly journals Plants as alternative platforms for monoclonal antibodies productions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Glumińska ◽  
Magdalena Krzesłowska
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Mammalian Expression ◽  
Animal Pathogens

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used in medical therapy and diagnostics, veterinary therapy, and research. The demand for mAbs reaches several dozen tons per year and is constantly growing, approaching the limits of current production possibilities. Mammalian expression systems, which currently dominate the bioproduction industry, have limited production capacity and require high capital investment and production costs. Plants are becoming promising expression platforms due to their scalability, speed, low cost of production, low risk of contamination from animal pathogens and eukaryotic mechanisms of post-translational protein modification. The transgenic plants used for the production of mAbs can be obtained by stable transformation of plant cells as well as transient expression of foreign proteins. In this review, we extract a broad overview of articles, many of them from recent years, concerning modern approaches to producing monoclonal antibodies in plants, methods for modifying the carbohydrate profile of mAbs, and purifying the resulting product. We also present current data on the practical use of mAbs in medical therapies and potential methods of producing antibodies on a very large scale, able to meet the future market demand.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF NATIONAL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONING WITHIN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Piven N.M.
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
National Language ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Low Level ◽  
State Language

Мета роботи – дослідити проблеми функціонування державної мови в сучасному бізнес-просторі, оскільки відомо, що тривалий час представники приватних бізнес-компаній нею майже не послуговувалися; відповідно до цього було поставлено завдання: сформулювати основні етапи опанування української мови як державної для фахівців зазначеної категорії осіб.Методи. У дослідженні використано теоретичні методи (аналіз стандартів і стану функціонування державної мови в різних галузях господарства); ретроспективний аналіз власного педагогічного досвіду з організації й проведення навчальних занять; емпіричні – педагогічні спостереження, тестування й спеціальні завдання для діагностичного зрізу рівня знань працівників бізнес-сфери; статистичні методи для кількісного та якісного аналізу отриманих емпіричних та експериментальних даних.Результати. З’ясовано, що тема функціонування державної мови в бізнес-сфері залишається малодослідженою. Мате-ріалом послугувала практична мовна діяльність групи слухачів одного з приватних підприємств. Проаналізовано загальну характеристику слухачів, рівень володіння державною мовою перед навчанням і після, розроблено шкалу оцінювання рівня мовних навичок. Зазначено, що в російськомовному середовищі серед представників великого й малого бізнесу виникають труднощі стосовно україномовної комунікації, спричинені низьким рівнем мовленнєвих умінь і навичок, відсутністю необхід-ної лексичної бази, наявністю суржику й росіянізмів тощо.Висновки. У результаті навчального процесу було визначено основні етапи опанування української мови як державної. Заува-жено, що важливе місце в підготовці слухачів належить мотиваційному та базовому етапам; надано методичні рекомендації сто-совно їх мовної підготовки. Доведено, що навіть при низькій мовній базі, але за умови високої мотивації можна досягти достатньо-го рівня мовленнєвих знань, умінь і навичок для подальшої професійної діяльності й комунікації державною мовою. The purpose. The objective of the article is to study the problems concerning state language functioning within current business environment. It is known that for a long period of time representatives of private businesses have hardly ever used it. It caused the necessity to define the basic stages of Ukrainian language acquisition as a state one by professionals in business sphere.Methods. The set of scientific methods are applied in the article: theoretical (analysis of standards and status of state language functioning in different economical spheres); retrospective analysis of own pedagogical experience in educational process organization and training sessions; empirical (pedagogical observations, testing and special sessions to detect the level of expertise among business sphere representatives; statistical methods (qualitative and quantitative analysis of empirical and experimental data received).Results. It is found that the issue of state language functioning in business sphere is still poorly investigated. Practical activity by the employees of a private enterprise is served as a ground for this study. General characteristic of trainees, their level of state language acquisition before and after training is analysed, and the evaluation scale of language skills level is developed. It is noted that in Russian-speaking environment representatives of large-scale and small-sized businesses face a lot of challenges while communicating in Ukrainian, caused by low level of language skills, lack of necessary basic vocabulary, existence of surzhik (mixed Russian-Ukrainian dialect) and russicismes (use of Russian words instead of Ukrainian ones).Conclusions. The educational process resulted in defining the main stages of Ukrainian acquisition as a state language. It is emphasized that it is motivational and basic stages that play the important role in preparation of trainees which led to developing methodical recommendations concerning state language acquisition. It is proved that in spite of a low level of language improved motivation helps business people achieve sufficient level of language knowledge and skills for further professional activity and communicating in state language.

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