scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY. A CROSS-COUNTRY EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Roman ◽  
Valentina-Diana Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
New Business

Our paper aims to investigate how the changes in macroeconomic conditions and the quality of insti-tutions affect the level of entrepreneurial activity in 18 European Union countries, over the period 2002–2016. Using panel-data estimation techniques, we alternatively analyzed the effects of some macroeconomic and institutional framework related factors (in particular, the quality of institutions) on entrepreneurial activity level, proxied by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate, nascent entrepreneurship rate, and new business ownership rate. The results of our empirical analysis show that the economic situation of EU countries and the quality of institutions (reflected in our study through competitiveness, economic freedom, and governance quality) have a significant effect on early-stage entrepreneurs and for some variables the sign of the relationship depends on the age of the business. Our findings may be of interest to policy makers in developing effective policies contributing to enhancing the entrepreneurial capacity in different countries.

Quality of life in breast cancer sufferers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Essmat Shouman ◽  
Nahla Fawzy Abou El Ezz ◽  
Nivine Gado ◽  
Amal Mahmoud Ibrahim Goda
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure health-related quality of life (QOL) among patients with early stage cancer breast under curative treatment at department of oncology and nuclear medicine at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Identify factors affecting QOL among these patients. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study measured QOL among early stage female breast cancer (BC) patients and determined the main factors affecting their QOL. Three interviewer administered questionnaires were used. Findings – The physical domain mostly affected in BC patients and the functional domain least. Socio-demographic factors that significantly affected BC patients QOL scores were patient age, education, having children and family income. Specific patient characteristics include caregiver presence – a factor that affected different QOL scores. Age at diagnosis, affection in the side of the predominant hand, post-operative chemotherapy and difficulty in obtaining the medication were the disease-related factors that affected QOL scores. Originality/value – The final model predicting QOL for early stage female BC patients included age, education and difficulty in obtaining the medication as determinants for total QOL score. Carer presence was the specific patient characteristic that affected different QOL scores.

Cultural configurations and entrepreneurial realisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Torres ◽  
Mário Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better understand the connection between culture and entrepreneurship in proposing and testing complex configurations of culturally endorsed implicit leadership theories (CLTs) and cultural practices that lead to entrepreneurial behaviour by studying entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) separately. Design/methodology/approach Using data from Globe Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) studies, a sample of 44 countries, and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, several models for EI and TEA were developed. Findings The main findings provide a way of distinguishing between complex antecedent conditions that are required for each stage of the entrepreneurial realisation. The results empirically show that there is no ideal context – the path to stimulate entrepreneurship that works best for one country does not necessarily works the same for other countries. There are multiple paths to achieve the desired outcome. Research limitations/implications The data from the GLOBE study were not completely up to date, the effect of which was minimised by considering data from GEM that respects temporal ordering. Nevertheless, data from GEM suggest that there is a degree of stability in the data over time. Future research could replicate this study with a larger selection of countries and with new data, collected in a different way. Additionally, the inclusion of CLTs proposed in this study opens new opportunities for future research, by providing a new angle to look at the entrepreneurial realisation process. Practical implications This study advances research into the association of culture and entrepreneurship, and develops testable models using a configurational approach, thus confirming the suitability of asymmetric configuration analysis for entrepreneurial research. The results expand an understanding of the entrepreneurial process by showcasing the different complex antecedent conditions for EI and TEA. Depending on a country’s cultural profile, policy-makers should invest in the dimensions that enable their society to align with the model that best suits their own culture. The obtained models offer a framework for evaluating new interventions that aim to develop entrepreneurial behaviour in a specific country. Originality/value Different configurations showcase that there are alternative paths to achieving high levels of EI and TEA. The differences among the possible configurations for each stage of the entrepreneurial realisation are uncovered. Country profiles are identified, quantified, and then compared providing guidance for policy-makers.

Entrepreneurship Policies and New Business Performance and Growth: An Empirical Analysis Based on Manufacturing Industries

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A Belso Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Business ◽  
High Level

Entrepreneurship policy is an emerging area among economic policy developments that is currently not well developed. Policy makers are seeking to increase countries' and regions' entrepreneurial vitality in recognition of the growing evidence that a high level of entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth and development. I report the results of a cross-sectional empirical analysis that was conducted to test the contribution of different types of entrepreneurship development programs to new business performance and growth. A sample of seventy-two Spanish footwear entrepreneurs were contacted and surveyed during 2000. Major findings suggest that some of the analyzed public policies significantly favor new business profitability and growth. These results should be taken with care because of the sample size, the profile of the economic sector analyzed, and the restricted geographical location of the new businesses considered in this research.

scholarly journals Does the quality of public policies and institutions matter for entrepreneurial activity? Evidences from the European Union’s member states

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Dima ◽  
Oana-Ramona Lobonţ ◽  
N Nicoleta-Claudia
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Member States ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

By using data related to the 15 European Union ?old? and ?new? Member States, for a time span between 2001 and 2014, the present paper supports the thesis of a positive and significant correlation between the quality of governance and entrepreneurial activity. In order to test such correlation, the elements of Governance Quality reported by the World Bank?s Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) project were considered. Some key aspects of entrepreneurial activity reflected by Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity, Perceived Opportunities and Perceived Capabilities were taken into account based on The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database. In addition, in order to reflect the structural rigidities and tensions from the labour market, the unemployment rate provided by the World Bank?s World Development Indicators database was considered as a control variable. The effect of the inclusion of a country in a certain development group, according to the most recent World Bank classification (?low-income economies? to ?high-income economies?), was also considered in a multi-level analytical framework with a two-level model. The results of this study clearly indicate that higher levels of public policies and institutions? credibility/effectiveness produce a positive and robust impact on entrepreneurial climate.

scholarly journals The Quality of Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Competitiveness in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rusu ◽  
Dornean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

To increase competitiveness, a country has to outperform its competitors in terms of research and innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, and education. In this paper, we aim to test the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurial activity and the economic competitiveness for the European Union countries by using panel data estimation techniques. Our research considers a sample of 28 EU countries over the period 2011–2017. For the empirical investigation we apply panel data regression models. The results obtained show that business, macroeconomic environment and the quality of entrepreneurship are significant determinants of economic competitiveness of EU countries. Thus, we identify significant positive relations between innovation rate, inflation rate, FDI and economic competitiveness, and significant negative relations between expectations regarding job creation, tax rate, costs and competitiveness. Our study completes the literature by analyzing the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurship and the competitiveness of countries, for an extensive sample formed by all the 28 countries members of the European Union for a period of seven recent years.

scholarly journals Tax-Related Burden on SMEs in the European Union: The Case of Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Dejan Ravšelj ◽  
Polonca Kovač ◽  
Aleksander Aristovnik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
New Business ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Abstract Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are very important for the European economy. However, SMEs often encounter various barriers, whereby tax-related barriers are perceived as the most burdensome that affects their business operations and entrepreneurial activity in general. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to identify SMEs perception on current state and measures to be carried out in order to reduce respective red tape. Second, it tries to establish the relationship between burdens imposed by tax policy and entrepreneurial activity. Using hierarchical cluster analysis and descriptive statistics two different datasets are analyzed for the European Union (EU) and Slovenia separately. The results provide evidence that tax burden is less influential than tax administrative burden among EU countries by considering their impact on new business density and total early-stage entrepreneurial activity. Additionally, the results for Slovenia reveal that the need for a stable tax system, with IT and procedurally related measures are highlighted.

scholarly journals Investigating Socio-Economic and Perceptual Variables of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity in Selected EU Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-330
Author(s):  
Ivano Dileo ◽  
Francesco Losurdo
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Part Time

This paper investigates socio-economic and perceptual factors affecting the likelihood of being a total early-stage entrepreneur in selected EU countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Sweden and Latvia) during 2005-2012. The data used for our empirical research comes from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Our findings show that the probability to become a total early-stage entrepreneur increases for males and younger individuals with a bachelor's degree or secondary education and who are working part time or full time. Furthermore, these entrepreneurs are characterised by a lower fear of failure and higher entrepreneurial skills and perception of opportunity. Policy makers should improve the institutional framework that involves measures aimed at empowering potential entrepreneurs in finding new market opportunities. Territorial cooperation in a macro-regional perspective may be a facilitator aimed at entrepreneurial development.

scholarly journals Differences in Colonial Experience and the Institution-Economic Growth Nexus in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-58
Author(s):  
Isiaka Akande Raifu ◽  
Obianuju Ogochukwu Nnadozie ◽  
Olaide Sekinat Opeloyeru
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
The Impact

Does the quality of institutions affect economic growth in West African countries? Which institutional variable aids or harms economic growth in the region? Is the effect of institutions on economic growth in former French-colonised countries different from that of British-colonised countries? This study addresses these questions. Specifically, we first examined the effect of six institutional variables on economic growth for each of the 13 West African countries. Then, we employed panel data estimation techniques to examine the overall effect of the quality of institutions on the economies of the region. Finally, we grouped the 13 countries into French-colonised and British colonised countries following the argument of Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2001,2005) and then examined the impact of institutional quality on the economic growth of these subgroups. Our findings reveal that the effect of institutional variables on the economy of each country varies. Overall, we find that government stability and democratic accountability have a positive and significant influence on economic growth, while control of corruption and socioeconomic conditions have deleterious effects on economic growth. Finally, institutions contribute positively to economic growth in French-colonised countries compared to British-colonised countries. The results imply that there is a need to strengthen institutions in West Africa, especially in former British colonies.

scholarly journals Predictors of clinically important improvements in occupational and quality of life outcomes among mental health service users after completion and follow-up of a lifestyle intervention: multiple regression modelling based on longitudinal data

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hultqvist ◽  
Kristine Lund ◽  
Elisabeth Argentzell ◽  
Mona Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Important Improvement

Abstract Background Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) is a new activity-based lifestyle intervention for mental health service users. An earlier study found BEL to be effective in increasing occupational engagement, occupational balance, activity level, and quality of life scores when compared with a care-as-usual group. However, it is unclear whether care context and socio-demographic, clinical and self-related factors at baseline also influence the results. Thus, the aim of the current study was to explore whether such factors could predict clinically important improvements in occupational and quality of life aspects. Methods Participants were interviewed and filled out self-report questionnaires before starting the 16-week intervention (n = 133), upon completion (n = 100), and 6 months following (n = 89). Bi-variate and multi-variate statistical analyses were performed. Results Several baseline factors were associated with clinically important improvements, but few predictors were found in the multivariate analyses. Having children was found to be a predictor of improvement in occupational engagement at BEL completion, but reduced the chance of belonging to the group with clinically important improvement in activity level at follow-up. Regarding occupational balance, having a close friend predicted belonging to the group with clinically important improvement in the leisure domain. At BEL completion, other predictors for improvements were female gender for the self-care domain, and self-esteem for the home chores domain. At follow-up, psychosocial functioning and lower education level predicted general balance. None of the factors explored in this study were found to be predictors for improvements in quality of life. Conclusions Few of the studied care context, socio-demographic, clinical and self-related factors were found to predict clinically important improvements in occupational engagement, activity level, occupational balance, or QOL. This study, together with previous studies showing positive results, suggests that BEL can be an appropriate intervention in both community and clinical settings, and can support improvement in occupational aspects and QOL for participants with diverse socio-demographic, clinical, and self-related characteristics. Trial registration This study is part of a larger research project that is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Reg. No. NCT02619318.

Innovative ability and entrepreneurial activity: two factors to enhance “quality of life”

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Nataraajan ◽  
Madhukar G. Angur
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of aspects of knowledge economy covered by the Knowledge Economy Index [KEI] and aspects of entrepreneurial activity covered by the Global Entrepreneurship Index [GEI] on quality of life [QOL] in a country. Design/methodology/approach – Data pertaining to KEI, GEI and QOL for different countries were gathered and analyzed through correlation and regression analyses. Findings – The results of the analysis yielded two key findings: First, KEI and GEI have a significant effect on QOL. Second, the Innovation Index (a component of KEI) and the total early stage entrepreneurship (a component of GEI) emerge as key factors that improve QOL. Originality/value – The value of this research lies in the fact that it unearths the two factors in KEI and GEI that actually impact QOL. By establishing and reinforcing the salience of innovative ability and entrepreneurial activity, this research helps long-term planners of an economy to fine-tune their focus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document