scholarly journals Investigating Socio-Economic and Perceptual Variables of Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity in Selected EU Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-330
Author(s):  
Ivano Dileo ◽  
Francesco Losurdo
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Part Time

This paper investigates socio-economic and perceptual factors affecting the likelihood of being a total early-stage entrepreneur in selected EU countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Sweden and Latvia) during 2005-2012. The data used for our empirical research comes from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Our findings show that the probability to become a total early-stage entrepreneur increases for males and younger individuals with a bachelor's degree or secondary education and who are working part time or full time. Furthermore, these entrepreneurs are characterised by a lower fear of failure and higher entrepreneurial skills and perception of opportunity. Policy makers should improve the institutional framework that involves measures aimed at empowering potential entrepreneurs in finding new market opportunities. Territorial cooperation in a macro-regional perspective may be a facilitator aimed at entrepreneurial development.

Epilogue

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-132
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Domestic Worker ◽  
The People

This epilogue looks at several new factors affecting domestic employment in Ecuador today which may change the landscape for workers, employers, and activists. First is the new government. If before, there was worker-friendly rhetoric and praise for humble domestic workers, but little concrete improvement in policies and conditions, today even the rhetoric is gone. The best way to reach and make claims on the new government is still unclear, and it will be difficult to obtain state funding for domestic worker initiatives. Second, there has been a “rupture” in the domestic worker organization Asociación de Trabajadoras Remuneradas del Hogar (ATRH). This situation makes organizing and advocating for domestic workers more difficult and may lead to confusion among policy makers and funders. Third, there has been an uptick in migration to Ecuador from Colombia and Venezuela, as people flee violence, political instability, and economic disaster. Finally, some of the people interviewed in 2018 claim to be witnessing growth in the proportion of live-in, full-time domestic workers. Despite changes in the context of domestic employment, however, workers' status has not changed much since this study began. Social reproduction is still devalued, informal arrangements still prevail, and the class gulf between employers and domestic workers remains.

Cultural configurations and entrepreneurial realisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Torres ◽  
Mário Augusto
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to better understand the connection between culture and entrepreneurship in proposing and testing complex configurations of culturally endorsed implicit leadership theories (CLTs) and cultural practices that lead to entrepreneurial behaviour by studying entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) separately. Design/methodology/approach Using data from Globe Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) studies, a sample of 44 countries, and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, several models for EI and TEA were developed. Findings The main findings provide a way of distinguishing between complex antecedent conditions that are required for each stage of the entrepreneurial realisation. The results empirically show that there is no ideal context – the path to stimulate entrepreneurship that works best for one country does not necessarily works the same for other countries. There are multiple paths to achieve the desired outcome. Research limitations/implications The data from the GLOBE study were not completely up to date, the effect of which was minimised by considering data from GEM that respects temporal ordering. Nevertheless, data from GEM suggest that there is a degree of stability in the data over time. Future research could replicate this study with a larger selection of countries and with new data, collected in a different way. Additionally, the inclusion of CLTs proposed in this study opens new opportunities for future research, by providing a new angle to look at the entrepreneurial realisation process. Practical implications This study advances research into the association of culture and entrepreneurship, and develops testable models using a configurational approach, thus confirming the suitability of asymmetric configuration analysis for entrepreneurial research. The results expand an understanding of the entrepreneurial process by showcasing the different complex antecedent conditions for EI and TEA. Depending on a country’s cultural profile, policy-makers should invest in the dimensions that enable their society to align with the model that best suits their own culture. The obtained models offer a framework for evaluating new interventions that aim to develop entrepreneurial behaviour in a specific country. Originality/value Different configurations showcase that there are alternative paths to achieving high levels of EI and TEA. The differences among the possible configurations for each stage of the entrepreneurial realisation are uncovered. Country profiles are identified, quantified, and then compared providing guidance for policy-makers.

scholarly journals Adapting Education for School Librarianship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henri ◽  
Sandra Lee ◽  
Sue Trinidad ◽  
Alvin Kwan ◽  
Ming Lai
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Bachelor Of Education ◽  
Part Time ◽  
School Librarianship ◽  
Teacher Librarians ◽  
The University

Over the past few years repeated calls have been made by teacher librarian educators for evidence based practice by teacher librarians. This study is an attempt to provide evidence for the adoption of innovative practice in a post-service, part time Bachelor of Education program. Part time tertiary students undertaking studies in education at the University of Hong Kong are often heard to voice the opinion that the demands of university study are excessive. While it is generally accepted that the Hong Kong lifestyle is hectic, that teachers have a heavy schedule, and that travel to and from the university campus is time-consuming, little useful data exists to allow university professors to better understand the plight of the students or to provide evidence from which action could be taken to better tailor courses to the needs of students. Likewise many assumptions are made about tertiary student motivation but these assumptions are probably not grounded in any research findings. This exploratory study was undertaken to determine the factors affecting the full-time teacher’s progress in their tertiary part-time study in school librarianship. The findings will better enable instructors to tailor teaching and learning to meet the needs of the part-time participant. Findings will also be informative for other part-time undergraduate programs.

scholarly journals Factors affecting initial enrollment intensity: part-time versus full-time enrollment

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Stratton ◽  
Dennis M. O’Toole ◽  
James N. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Part Time

Satisfactions comparisons: women with families, full-time and part-time self-employed

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Ebbers ◽  
Alan Piper
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
Part Time ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose In spite of numerous political initiatives, the proportion of self-employed women in Germany has stagnated. This paper aims to offer a new perspective on this problem. The investigation and data gathered about job and life satisfaction of women with families can provide information on the reasons for starting a business, and the low participation of women in entrepreneurial activity. Design/methodology/approach After a literature review, representative German panel data is analysed to investigate the job and life satisfaction of full- and part-time self-employed women with a family. Findings Self-employed women with families who work full-time are more satisfied with their jobs than those who work part-time. There is no statistically significant difference between these two groups with respect to their life satisfaction. Research limitations/implications An implication of the results suggests new ideas and a new focus by policy makers and politicians when trying to increase the quantity of women with families engaging in self-employment. A limitation is that a lack of “within” variation in the data means that the panel nature of the survey cannot be usefully incorporated into the investigation. Originality/value Until now, there is limited research about the work and life satisfaction of women with a family comparing full- and part-time self-employment. This analysis is potentially valuable because the number of part-time self-employed women is substantially higher than the number of full-time self-employed women. We find evidence that such women may instead prefer full-time self-employment.

scholarly journals Best of Both Worlds? Persistent Hybrid Entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmari Viljamaa ◽  
Elina Varamäki ◽  
Sanna Joensuu-Salo
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Near Future

Hybrid entrepreneurs (HEs) represent a considerable share of all entrepreneurial activity. Yet little is known about the phenomenon. In this study we examine the differences between transitory HEs, who expect to make the transition to full-time entrepreneurship, and persistent HEs, who view their part-time status as permanent. With data collected from 848 academic HEs we find that only a small minority considers full self-employment likely in the near future and that self-fulfillment is the most significant motive for entrepreneurial activities. The results suggest that persistent hybrid entrepreneurship should be viewed as a form of entrepreneurship in its own right, and that even partial entrepreneurship has the potential to lengthen careers and improve wellbeing at work. Hybrid entrepreneurship offers the entrepreneurially inclined employees the best of both worlds.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL DRIVERS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY. A CROSS-COUNTRY EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Roman ◽  
Valentina-Diana Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
New Business

Our paper aims to investigate how the changes in macroeconomic conditions and the quality of insti-tutions affect the level of entrepreneurial activity in 18 European Union countries, over the period 2002–2016. Using panel-data estimation techniques, we alternatively analyzed the effects of some macroeconomic and institutional framework related factors (in particular, the quality of institutions) on entrepreneurial activity level, proxied by the total early-stage entrepreneurial activity rate, nascent entrepreneurship rate, and new business ownership rate. The results of our empirical analysis show that the economic situation of EU countries and the quality of institutions (reflected in our study through competitiveness, economic freedom, and governance quality) have a significant effect on early-stage entrepreneurs and for some variables the sign of the relationship depends on the age of the business. Our findings may be of interest to policy makers in developing effective policies contributing to enhancing the entrepreneurial capacity in different countries.

scholarly journals Identifying the Main Determinants of Part-Time Employment in EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Rasa Miežienė ◽  
Sandra Krutulienė ◽  
Boguslavas Gruževskis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The article analyses the prevalence of part-time employment in different EU countries with a focus on the factors affecting the rate of part-time employment across the EU. Based on the literature review, a distinction is made between three groups of factors that are relevant for the rate of part-time employment, in particular, cyclical factors, political and institutional factors, and structural factors. The article analyses how these factors influence part-time employment rates in EU countries. The linear regression analysis based on EU-28 macroeconomic data for the period of 2007-2018 has shown that all three groups of determinants (i.e. cyclical, political and institutional as well as structural factors) affect the rate of part-time employment in the EU-28. Part-time employment is a complex phenomenon which depends on a number of factors. However, the regression analysis has found that the following political and institutional as well as structural independent variables are also significant predictors of part-time employment rates in EU Member States (EU-28): average annual wages, the tax rate on low wage earners, expenditures on children and family benefits as a percentage of gross domestic product, trade union density, and the activity rate of people aged 15-24 and 55-64. Cyclical factors (the unemployment rate in Model (1) and real GDP per capita in Model (2)) have also been found to have a significant effect on part-time employment in EU-28 countries.

scholarly journals Factors that influence learner engagement and completion rate in an xMOOC on energy and sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-146
Keyword(s):  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Learner Engagement ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Massive Open Online Course

In Mexico, there has been a rise in Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) enrollments through platforms such as MexicoX. However, this rise in interest has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in completion rates. This article examines the factors that influence Mexican learners’ retention rates and learner engagement to determine the extent to which a student´s profile can predict his or her ability to engage with and complete an xMOOC on energy and sustainability. Correlation and multiple regression analysis methods were employed to analyze a sample dataset (n = 844) of participants who had completed the xMOOC. It was found that the critical factors affecting completion rate were age, education level, and primary occupation and that participants who were most likely to complete an xMOOC were 34 years of age or older, had a bachelor’s degree or higher, and were in a full-time job.

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