scholarly journals HEAVY VEHICLE MULTI-BODY DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS TO ESTIMATE SKIDDING DISTANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh ZAMZAMZADEH ◽  
Ahmad Abdullah SAIFIZUL ◽  
Rahizar RAMLI ◽  
Ming Foong SOONG
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Accident Reconstruction ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Body Dynamic

The skid mark is valuable for accident reconstruction as it provides information about the drivers’ braking behaviour and the speed of heavy vehicles. However, despite its importance, there is currently no mathematical model available to estimate skidding distance (SD) as a function of vehicle characteristics and road conditions. This paper attempts to develop a non-linear regression model that is capable of reliably predicting the skidding distance of heavy vehicles under various road conditions and vehicle characteristics. To develop the regression model, huge data sets were derived from complex heavy vehicle multi-body dynamic simulation. An emergency braking simulation was conducted to examine the skidding distance of a heavy vehicle model subject to various Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) and vehicle speeds, as well as the coefficient of friction of the road under wet and dry conditions. The results suggested that the skidding distance is significantly affected by Gross Vehicle Weight, speeds, and coefficient of friction of the road. The improved non-linear regression model provides a better prediction of the skidding distance than that of the conventional approach thus suitable to be employed as an alternative model for skidding distance of heavy vehicles in accident reconstruction.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vehicle and Road Conditions on Rollover of Commercial Heavy Vehicles during Cornering: A Simulation Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6337
Author(s):  
Nurzaki Ikhsan ◽  
Ahmad Saifizul ◽  
Rahizar Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Class ◽  
Vehicle Weight ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight

Heavy vehicles make up a relatively small percentage of traffic volume on Malaysian roads compared to other vehicle types. However, heavy vehicles have been reported to be involved in 30,000–40,000 accidents yearly and caused significantly more fatalities. Rollover accidents may also incur cargo damages and cause environmental or human disasters for vehicles that carry hazardous cargos if these contents are spilled. Thus, in this paper, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the effects of vehicle and road conditions on rollover of commercial heavy vehicles during cornering at curved road sections. Vehicle conditions include the heavy vehicle class (based on the axle number and vehicle type), speed and gross vehicle weight, while road conditions include the cornering radius and coefficient of friction values. In order to reduce the risks involved in usage of actual heavy vehicles in crash experiments, a simulation approach using a multi-body vehicle dynamic software was applied in this study, where the verified virtual heavy vehicle model was simulated and the output results were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that a maximum of 40% and a minimum of 23% from the total number of simulations resulted in an unsafe condition (indicated as failed) during the simulations. From the unsafe conditions, two types of rollover accidents could be identified, which were un-tripped and tripped rollovers. The heavy vehicle speed was also found to have a strong correlation to the lateral acceleration (to cause a rollover), followed by gross vehicle weight, coefficient of friction and cornering radius, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Effects of Heavy Vehicles on Roads in Southern and Northern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Osadebe ◽  
H. A. Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
On The Road

The prevalence of flexible pavement deterioration in the country has been adduced largely by highway researchers to trucks or heavy vehicles carrying much in excess of permitted legal limits. This study investigated levels of deterioration of Abuja-Kaduna-Kano road (Northern region) and Port Harcourt-Enugu road (Southern region) caused by heavy vehicles through a 14 day traffic counts conducted at 5 strategic points each in the Northern and Southern regions. Traffic data generated were analyzed with AASHTO Design Guidelines (1993) to evaluate Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and Vehicle Damage effects on the road. The Traffic Volume, Average Daily Traffic (ADT), and Heavy Vehicle per day (HV/day) were estimated to be 2,063,977; 147,427; and 12,246 respectively in the Northern region, while in the Southern region they were estimated to be 750,381; 53,670; and 20,951 respectively. Motorcycles, Passenger cars, Mini-buses/Pick-ups, and Heavy vehicles constitute 18.7%, 49.7%, 23.3% and 8.31% of the total traffic volume respectively in the Northern region while in the South they constitute 4.6%, 30.1%, 26.2% and 39.1% respectively. ESALs were estimated according to AASHTO Design Guidelines in the Northern and Southern regions as 547,730 and 836,208 respectively. An average Load Equivalency Factors (LEFs) of 3.43 and 3.02 were estimated for each heavy vehicle plying the Northern and Southern roads respectively and this could explain some failures (alligator cracks, potholes, depressions, linear or longitudinal cracks along the centre line amongst others) inherent on the road.

Research on Vehicle Ride Comfort Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2360-2363
Author(s):  
De Yang Chen ◽  
Feng Yan Yi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Front Suspension ◽  
The Road ◽  
Virtual Prototyping Technology ◽  
System Body ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Body Dynamic

In this paper, based on some kind of Car as the prototype, by using the multi-body dynamic analysis software ADAMS, the author Uses ADAMS／CAR modules establishes front Suspension, Rear Suspension, steering system brake system,body,tires and other models, then assembled into vehicle model, Established B,E-class road model as entering the road for vehicle ride comfort simulation analysis. Vehicle on different road ride comfort simulation, According to international standard ISO2631 and the vehicle for evaluation of ride comfort, the car are proved to be high performance in the ride comfort．

Simulation Study of Heavy Vehicle Road-Friendliness under Bilateral Tracks’ Excitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 422-428
Author(s):  
Da Wei Liu ◽  
Rong Chao Jiang ◽  
Yue Dong Yang ◽  
Song Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Density ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Driving Dynamic ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Road Excitation

In order to study the road friendliness of heavy vehicle under bilateral tracks’ excitation, the spatial domain random pavement under bilateral tracks’ excitation was simulated through the second-order rational function power spectral density (PSD) and the harmonic superposition method. A rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype of the heavy vehicle was established by using SIMPACK software. Then a driving dynamic model of heavy vehicle was established under bilateral tracks’ excitation. The tires loads of the vehicle’s each axle were calculated. The dynamic load coefficient (DLC) and 95 percentage fourth power aggregate force were used as the road-friendliness criterions for studying the road-friendliness of heavy vehicles under bilateral tracks’ road excitation. The research results could provide the basis for the prediction of road friendliness of heavy vehicle.

Simulation Analysis on Ride Comfort of Heavy Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Wang ◽  
Da Wei Liu ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Superposition Method ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Ride Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Body Dynamic

In this paper, a detailed rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamic model of heavy vehicle was established using multi-body dynamics method, and B class road model was built using harmonic superposition method. Then, the platform of heavy vehicle dynamics simulation was established. The driver seat acceleration and tire dynamic load were simulated at different speeds under the input of different random road excitations. According to the ride comfort evaluation method provided by ISO2631-1, total weighted root-mean-square (RMS) acceleration evaluation method was used to evaluate the ride comfort of heavy vehicle at different ride speeds.

Construction and Application of Multivariate Linear Regression Model on Road Cost

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Xia
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact factor, combined with practical engineering experience to extract the main influencing factors, and based on research data on the major beneficial factor for statistical analysis to understand trends from the road cost; selection of multiple linear regression model, the unit cost per lane kilometer as the dependent variable, the cost factor as independent variables, the cost estimate to build the macro-factor model and the cost of each grade highway microeconomic factors estimation model.

Simulation and Analysis on the Effect of Gross Vehicle Weight on Braking Distance of Heavy Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airul Sharizli ◽  
Rahizar Ramli ◽  
Mohamed Rehan Karim ◽  
Ahmad Saifizul Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Vehicle Weight ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Distance Data

Increasing number of fatalities caused by road accidents involving heavy vehicles every year has raised the level of concern and awareness on road safety situation in developing countries like Malaysia. This study attempts to explore the influences of vehicle dynamics characteristics such as vehicle weight and travel speed on its safety braking distance. This study uses a kind of complex virtual prototyping software to simulate vehicle dynamics and its braking performance characteristics. The software was used to generate braking distance data for various vehicle types under various loads and speed condition. The generated data was grouped according to GVW and then analyzed by two-way ANOVA to evaluate its relationship to braking distance. The finding of this study implies that the speed and GVW of various vehicle classifications has a significant effect to the heavy vehicle braking distance.

Forecasting Algorithm of Heavy Vehicle Roll over Based on Road Collaborative

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhan Jing ◽  
Wei Gang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Cooperative System ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rollover Risk ◽  
Vehicle Rollover ◽  
Warning Time

This works through the establishment of model of vehicle model and the road to development based on cooperative system of heavy road vehicles under the condition of the speed side prediction model,for the initiative to prevent heavy semi - trailer rollover risk, improving the reliability of prediction, forecasting, prediction of universality and stability.The driver ahead of access to information that is of potential rollover risk for heavy vehicles rollover warning time for the TTR, in turn, the driver enough time to take appropriate action to avoid a vehicle rollover accident happened.

scholarly journals Aerodynamic integration produces a vehicle shape with a negative drag coefficient

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (27) ◽  
pp. e2106406118
Author(s):  
Kambiz Salari ◽  
Jason M. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
The United States ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Drag Coefficients ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Vehicle Shape ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Negative drag coefficients are normally associated with a vessel outfitted with a sail to extract energy from the wind and propel the vehicle forward. Therefore, the notion of a heavy vehicle, that is, a semi truck, that generates negative aerodynamic drag without a sail or any external appendages may seem implausible, especially given the fact that these vehicles have some of the largest drag coefficients on the road today. However, using both wind tunnel measurements and computational fluid dynamics simulations, we demonstrate aerodynamically integrated vehicle shapes that generate negative body-axis drag in a crosswind as a result of large negative frontal pressures that effectively “pull” the vehicle forward against the wind, much like a sailboat. While negative body-axis drag exists only for wind yaw angles above a certain analytical threshold, the negative frontal pressures exist at smaller yaw angles and subsequently produce body-axis drag coefficients that are significantly less than those of modern heavy vehicles. The application of this aerodynamic phenomenon to the heavy vehicle industry would produce sizable reductions in petroleum use throughout the United States.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Level of Road Damage Due to Vehicle Volume on Rigid Perkerasa on the Pantura Tegal - Pemalang Road in Tegal Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahidin Wahidin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
The Road ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Traffic volume is one of the factors causing road damage. Rigid pavement is generally used on roads that have fairly heavy traffic. With the increasing number of vehicles it is possible that the road will suffer damage in a relatively short time .The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the volume of vehicle types with the level of road damage and the relationship of the volume of vehicle types with the level of road damage on rigid pavement. So it can be predicted in advance the value of road damage that will occur. The method used in this research is the method of analyzing vehicle volume and the level of road damage using the regression method. Namely to get the function of the relationship with the value of R ² (coefficient of determination) which shows the magnitude of the effect of changes in the variation of the volume of vehicle types to changes in the value of road damage. This research was conducted in the Pantura Tegal - Pemalang Lane section . There is a relationship between the volume of vehicle types and the value of road damage. With the result R² = 0, 892 show k of damage roads that influenced the volume type of light vehicles and heavy vehicles have a percentage of 8 9.2 %. With the results of the heavy vehicle equation (X2) and the value of road damage (Y) that is Y = 0, 27 X2 + 8 , 887 . From this equation can be described as follows .. Regression coefficient X2 ( a ) = 0 , 27 , meaning that heavy vehicles by 100 vehicles / day will increase the level of road damage by 27 , constant (c) = If no vehicles pass a road , the road will suffer a road damage of 8 , 887.Analysis of the Level of Road Damage Due to Vehicle Volume on Rigid Perkerasa on the Pantura Tegal - Pemalang Road in Tegal Regency

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