How can street routines inform state regulation? Learning from informal traders in Baclaran, Metro Manila

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Redento B. Recio
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Contested Spaces ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Informal Trading ◽  
Informal Traders

Informal vendors have occupied the streets of Metro Manila’s Baclaran district since the 1950s. Their presence has generated policies seeking to manage or banish street hawking. Years of street occupancy, however, have enabled the vendors to enforce grassroots mechanisms to appropriate streetscapes. In this paper, I analyse three routinised practices - the haging occupancy, the Bermonths routine and the various finance-generating schemes - that have enabled vendors to persist amidst the changing socio-political conditions. These practices capture the Baclaran hawkers’ insecure access to contested spaces, how they capitalise on a socio-temporal dimension of informality, how they cope with economic distress, and how they enforce a set of property rights arrangements. Understanding these grassroots practices, which are embedded in the precarity of street life, can inform responsive policies on urban informal trading.

State regulation versus co-management: evidence from the Cochin Estuarine Fisheries in India

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEENA T. SRINIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Resource Characteristics ◽  
Stage Estimation

This paper examines the property rights of the Cochin estuarine fisheries in India, which in spite of having well-defined access and conservation rules imposed by the state, have failed to ensure proper resource management. Considering the resource characteristics and the causes for state's failure, co-management, which requires a redefinition of management functions by state as well as users, has been proposed as an alternative. Analysis of user characteristics, using the two-stage estimation procedure, throws policy signals that under co-management the state can strengthen the licensing system to restrict access to fishing and to impart awareness regarding conservation rules. The logit analysis on users' role indicates that, although certain types of heterogeneities contribute towards the critical mass needed for a collective action, the distributional implications may lead at least some to oppose co-management. This implies that, even if users initially get to agree to co-operate and share any rents from conservation, significant prisoner's dilemma will soon occur returning the resource to its current state, and co-management will have to still grapple with lack of well-defined property rights.

Rational Fishery Management in a Depressed Region: the Atlantic Groundfishery

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Rational Management

The economic and social milieu of the commercial fisheries in the Atlantic provinces of Canada is described, followed by an analysis of the structure of the major sector, the fishery based on the demersal stocks of the region. Existence of the classic features of mature fisheries, i.e. congestion and economic distress, is established for this fishery and the causes considered. Extended national jurisdiction over the use of fishery resources, it is argued, while it improves opportunity for development, does not affect those causes. Possible approaches to rational management of the fishery are reviewed, in particular the institution of inducements for fishing enterprises to minimize production costs. A discussion in this respect of quasi property rights for resource users and associated problems concludes the paper. Key words: economic depression, congested fisheries, regional development, Atlantic provinces, groundfish(demersal) resources, industrial structure, fishery management, rationalization, quasi property rights.

Property rights, security of tenure and the urban poor in Metro Manila

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Porio ◽  
Christine Crisol
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Metro Manila

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL TRAPS OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY MARKET-ORIENTED REFORMING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hrazevska ◽  
Andrii avazhenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Institutional Traps

Institutional traps that emerge as sustainable, self-supporting, ineffective institutions that have a destructive effect on the relations among economic entities within and outside the economic system are one of the manifestations of the institutional dysfunctions of market reform in post-socialist countries. Therefore, securing the exit of transformational economies from institutional traps is an important precondition for improving state regulation of market-oriented institutional transformations. The article describes the nature and peculiarities of institutional traps, outlines the basic prerequisites for their emergence and consolidation in the process of post-soviet development of Ukraine. The destructive impact of institutional traps on the national economy, which refers to increase in transactional costs, the deterioration of the investment climate, the growth of the shadow sector of the economy, the decrease in the level of competitiveness of economic entities and the reduce of public welfare have been proved. Several agendas for institutional reform of national economy that designed to release country from institutional trap are characterized including evolutionary scenario, which is based on gradual institutional development, and revolutionary scenario that refers to active institutional reform. The authors hypothesized about negative impact of low quality of social capital, insecurity of property rights, lack of transparency in public finance, the inefficiency of the judicial system on Ukrainian economy is elaborated. In order to confirm this hypothesis, a theoretical and econometric study of the main factors of corruption as an institutional trap of the market-oriented reform of Ukrainian economy were conducted. Policy implications related to exit from the specified institutional trap are formulated including implementation of effective state policy aimed at accumulation and extended reproduction of social capital, clear specification and protection of property rights etc.

scholarly journals Mobility nodes and economic spaces: Links, tensions and planning implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redento Bolivar Recio ◽  
Sonia Roitman ◽  
Iderlina Mateo-Babiano
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Mixed Land Use ◽  
Informal Trading

While transport hubs function largely as mobility interchanges, they also serve as spaces of conflict and negotiation, particularly when informal livelihoods of poor populations take place in public spaces like streets and transport terminals. This condition poses challenges to urban planners and transport officials on how to promote inclusive cities without sacrificing urban mobility. We examine how informal trading has become embedded in the land-use patterns of Baclaran, a strategic transport hub in Metro Manila. Three factors emerge as critical in understanding how and why informal trading thrives in Baclaran: a) the presence of commuters as captive market; b) mixed land use and activity agglomeration; and c) multi-layered socio-spatial relations. Our empirical data also shows how normalized informal trading in a mobility node has triggered transport route diversion and supported the growth of small-scale informal transport.

Corruption in Russia: Classification and Dynamics

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mark ◽  
S. Georgyi
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Business Corruption

The paper analyses Russian corruption as a specific “industry” of the Russian economy that is in many important respects influenced by the political system. The latter, in turn, is also being transformed due to corruption. The authors introduce and discuss the basic concepts used in the corruption analysis: everyday corruption, business corruption, corruption markets, strategies of bribetakers etc. The authors propose a comprehensive cultural classification of the types of corruption taking into account its everyday and business aspects, property rights enforcement, vertical and horizontal relations within the power and between power, citizens, and businessmen. In view of the proposed typology corruption dynamics is analyzed, as well as the dynamics of its socioeconomic and political conditions in Russia beginning from the prerevolutionary times and up to the present day. Basing upon the data taken from the mass surveys characteristics of the markets for everyday and business corruption are estimated in dynamics and the causes for the changes in their structure are indicated.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF PROPERTY RELATIONS ON NATURAL RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST RESOURCES OF COASTAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1(66)) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
A.I MARTIENKO ◽  
H.O TIUTIUNNYK
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
State And Local

Topicality . On the territory of Ukraine in the coastal areas various spheres and types of economic activity are developing, representing a complex of seafarers, and polyfunctional natural resources of these territories are not always used rationally in the directions of activity; their recreational value and uniqueness are not taken into account; their socioeconomic and ecological damage, in fact, property rights are violated. Natural coastal areas resources are used by subjects of economic activity of various forms and ownership rights to man-made production factors. Lack of economic substantiation of the property rights specification, their blurriness, lead to a conflict of interests of various users with natural recreational resources and the need to transform the state regulation processes in this area. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is the substantiation of requirements in the transformation processes concerning the regulation of property relations on the natural recreational and tourist resources of the coastal areas as a basis for rational and environmentally safe use of them. Research results. The article deals with the institutional aspects of the state regulation development in the field of property relations on recreational and tourist resources. The imperfection of the regulatory and legislative framework concerning the legal status and economic relations with regard to the ownership of beach areas located in coastal zones. The coastal beach areas of southern Ukraine are highlighted and described. The necessity of transformation of institutes and institutions of property management on natural recreational and tourist resources at the state and regional levels is substantiated. The lease relations regarding the use of beach areas are described. The institutional directions of property relations improvement on the natural recreational and tourist resources of the coastal areas are substantiated. Conclusions. There are many potential recreational beach areas in our country, which can be mastered and used with the maximum social, ecological and economic effect, but the lack of state and local budget funds causes the need for the tenants to use beach resources, with the obligatory carrying out of protective, restorative and other measures for the arrangement of the territories. The process of state regulation of economic relations of recreational coastal resources ownership is not sufficiently effective as a result of the imperfection of the existing legislative and regulatory framework, the mechanisms of control by the state on the state of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the institutional mechanisms of development of property relations on the recreational and tourist resources of the coastal areas.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL STIMULI OF ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT: FINANCIAL CONCEPT AND ANTICORRUPTION EFFECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lagutin ◽  
Nataliya Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
Institutional Sustainability ◽  
Motivation Effect ◽  
Development Methods

The paper is devoted to elucidating the content and role of institutional stimuli in providing the economic sustainability and development. There is systematized the understanding of the economic content of the stimulating and coordinating function of institutions. The analysis of the essence and forms of manifestations of the dilemma “sustainability vs development” is realized. The complex of institutional sustainability and development stimuli as a complicated integrity of formal and informal alternatives, mechanisms of the economic development is separated. There is also elucidated the content of anticorruption effects of using institutional stimuli. Main institutional preconditions of the theoretical model of stimulating the economic development in the context of combining quality institutions, mechanisms and effective stimuli are revealed, its base principles are substantiated. The method of institutional analysis that is a base of systematization of the understanding of the economic content of the stimulating and coordinating function of institutions is central in the study. The method of system approach is used at analyzing the essence and forms of manifestations of the dilemma “sustainability vs development”. Based on method of structuring and synthesis, there is separated the complex of institutional stimuli of sustainability and development as a complicated integrity of formal and informal alternatives. The structural logic analysis gave a possibility to separate mechanisms and instruments of the economic development. Methods of comparison and generalization are used at elucidating the content of anticorruption effects of using institutional stimuli. There is established an importance of differentiation of legal institutions of state regulation that provide observation of property rights and responsibility and institutions that structure a market behavior of partners under conditions of the effective competition at making choice between the market and dirigiste mechanisms of sustainability and development. It is elucidated, that the effectiveness of institutional stimuli is connected with strengthening property rights and decreasing a corruption level. The influence mechanism of institutional stimuli of overcoming the conflict between private and social in the macrofinancial sphere is explained. It is established, that anticorruption effects of institutional stimulation need providing the rule of law, effective enforcement, support of democratic values, formation of the market competitive environment. At the same time there is revealed the ineffectiveness of anticorruption stimuli without raising the general culture of the population, formation of the anticorruption worldview. It is established the necessity of the civic society, more independent from the state, higher degree of personal responsibility of individuals for providing institutional stimuli that support stability, development and have the motivation effect in countries with forming markets. Institutional arrangements as to transferring economies of countries with forming markets to the way of development are determined.

Property in Transition: Conflicts over Ownership in Post-Socialist Shanghai

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH S. DAVIS ◽  
HANLONG LU
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Property Regimes ◽  
Property Regime

Disaggregating property rights into abstract bundles of rights over the use, control, and alienation of property facilitates the systematic comparison of property regimes across time and space. However, because these analytic distinctions ignore the criteria by which individuals choose among competing claims of ownership, they cannot capture the moral reasoning that ultimately institutionalizes a property regime. Using focus group debates over competing claims of ownership to newly privatized urban real estate, this essay identifies four grounded logics of entitlement by which Shanghai residents determine just claims in one post-socialist property regime: a logic of family justice, a logic of state regulation, a logic of the market, and a logic of the family estate. Of note is that the primary criteria by which individuals decided among different logics of entitlement were the rules of the property regime at the time the dwelling first became the family home rather than differences attributable to societal inequalities tied to distinctions of gender, generation or occupation.

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