scholarly journals Visualising the COVID-19 related disruptions to long-distance population mobility in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Irina Grossman ◽  
Tom Wilson ◽  
Jonathan Garber ◽  
Jeromey Temple
Keyword(s):  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance

No abstract

scholarly journals On the interrelations between migration and commuting

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Lukic
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Vojvodina Province

In this paper, we emphasise the significance of studying the interrelations between commuting and migration. The aim of the paper is to point out the factors which affect these interrelations (demographic and socio-economic characteristics of migrants and commuters, labour market, real estate market, information, life style, etc.), with the special emphasis on the role of commuting distance onto the chosen mobility type. Besides theorethical frameworks and results of the selected foreign researches up to date, the overview of research of interrelations between migration and commuting in Serbia has also been presented. While earlier studies conducted by Gawryszenski (1978), Termote (1980) and Reitsma&Vergoossen (1987) pointed to the replacement of migration types between each other within country, in recent literature the interaction between migration and commuting has been studied in a trans-boundary context of the contemporary EU. Modern trend of long distance commuting instead of migration and the concept of substitution/replacement regarding migration and commuting have also been discussed. In Serbia, there is a positive correlation between commuting outflows and immigration in rural settlements of Vojvodina province. Namely, commuting and migration are complement, which is the characteristic of both processes sub-urbanisation and ex-urbanisation (Lukic, 2012). In addition to ownership of real estate and previous migration experience, marital status influenced the chosen mobility type in Serbia as well. Adjustment to changes of Serbian labour market is mostly conducted via migration (Miletic, Lukic, Miljanovic, 2011). Interrelations between migration and commuting are very significant due to the tendency of transformation of some commuters into migrants. This process has its consequences, both on demographic as well as the overall socio-economic development of the area of commuters? origin and destination. However, even though the surveys conducted in Serbia during the 1980s showed that around 30 per cent of commuters expressed desire to move to their place of work, the degree of realization of these intentions remained unknown. While in some countries traffic studies and data from the management of the enterprises are used as sources of data on commuting, the studies on the commuter population in Serbia are based solely onto two types of data sources. These are census and poll surveys. Although they have more potential than the official statistics for the analysis of the links between migration and commuting and other characteristics of commuters, poll surveys on this topic in Serbia are relatively rare due to financial and organizational obstacles. Indeed, the last major survey was conducted in the 1980s. Therefore, even though the interrelations between migration and commuting have been confirmed, there is still a lot of space for their research indicating the need for further methodology developments in researching these types of population mobility.

scholarly journals Travel distance and human movement predict paths of emergence and spatial spread of chikungunya in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (13) ◽  
pp. 1654-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chadsuthi ◽  
B. M. Althouse ◽  
S. Iamsirithaworn ◽  
W. Triampo ◽  
K. H. Grantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHuman movement contributes to the probability that pathogens will be introduced to new geographic locations. Here we investigate the impact of human movement on the spatial spread of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Southern Thailand during a recent re-emergence. We hypothesised that human movement, population density, the presence of habitat conducive to vectors, rainfall and temperature affect the transmission of CHIKV and the spatiotemporal pattern of cases seen during the emergence. We fit metapopulation transmission models to CHIKV incidence data. The dates at which incidence in each of 151 districts in Southern Thailand exceeded specified thresholds were the target of model fits. We confronted multiple alternative models to determine which factors were most influential in the spatial spread. We considered multiple measures of spatial distance between districts and adjacency networks and also looked for evidence of long-distance translocation (LDT) events. The best fit model included driving-distance between districts, human movement, rubber plantation area and three LDT events. This work has important implications for predicting the spatial spread and targeting resources for control in future CHIKV emergences. Our modelling framework could also be adapted to other disease systems where population mobility may drive the spatial advance of outbreaks.

scholarly journals Elementary spatial structures and dispersion of COVID-19: health geography directing responses to public health emergency in São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza ◽  
Raul Borges Guimarães ◽  
Rafael de Castro Catão ◽  
Cláudia Pio Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Berg de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPublic health policies to contain the spread of COVID-19 rely mainly on non-pharmacological measures. Those measures, especially social distancing, are a challenge for developing countries, such as Brazil. In São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil (45 million inhabitants), most COVID-19 cases up to April 18th were reported in the Capital and metropolitan area. However, the inner municipalities, where 20 million people live, are also at risk. As governmental authorities discuss the loosening of measures for restricting population mobility, it is urgent to analyze the routes of dispersion of COVID-19 in those municipalities. In this ecological study, we use geographical models of population mobility as patterns for spread of SARS-Cov-2 infection. Based on surveillance data, we identify two patterns: one by contiguous diffusion from the capital metropolitan area and other that is hierarchical, with long-distance spread through major highways to cities of regional relevance. We also modelled the impact of social distancing strategies in the most relevant cities, and estimated a beneficial effect in each and every setting studied. This acknowledgement can provide real-time responses to support public health strategies.

scholarly journals The purpose of long-distance passenger trains in public passenger transport system

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Martin Vojtek ◽  
◽  
Borna Abramovic ◽  
Martin Kendra ◽  
Vladislav Zitrický
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Passenger Trains ◽  
Qualitative Factors

Current economical trends create new requirements to population mobility. People always travel for many reasons and they are very dependent on the system of passenger transport. There are several modes of transport, but passengers mostly use road and rail transport. Passenger transport system is influenced by many qualitative factors with various impacts. Long-distance passenger trains have got significant position on the transport market, what represents demand and offer in the passenger transport system. These trains connects far places therefore transport accessibility in the region or country is better and passenger railway transport is more attractive for traveling public. This article is focused on main purpose of these trains from operational and economical point of view.

scholarly journals The use of health geography modeling to understand early dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245051
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza ◽  
Raul Borges Guimarães ◽  
Rafael de Castro Catão ◽  
Cláudia Pio Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Berg de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Disease Impact ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Public health policies to contain the spread of COVID-19 rely mainly on non-pharmacological measures. Those measures, especially social distancing, are a challenge for developing countries, such as Brazil. In São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil (45 million inhabitants), most COVID-19 cases up to April 18th were reported in the Capital and metropolitan area. However, the inner municipalities, where 20 million people live, are also at risk. As governmental authorities discuss the loosening of measures for restricting population mobility, it is urgent to analyze the routes of dispersion of COVID-19 in São Paulo territory. We hypothesize that urban hierarchy is the main responsible for the disease spreading, and we identify the hotspots and the main routes of virus movement from the metropolis to the inner state. In this ecological study, we use geographic models of population mobility to check for patterns for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identify two patterns based on surveillance data: one by contiguous diffusion from the capital metropolitan area, and the other hierarchical with long-distance spread through major highways that connects São Paulo city with cities of regional relevance. This knowledge can provide real-time responses to support public health strategies, optimizing the use of resources in order to minimize disease impact on population and economy.

scholarly journals «Blachii ac pastores romanorum»: de nouveau sur le destin du latin à l’est / «Blachii ac pastores romanorum»: again, on the destiny of Latin in the East

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
Iosif Camara
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Boundaries

The shepherding tradition in Romanic peoples enjoyed some interest among linguists in the first half of the 20th century. However, this tradition has been misunderstood, poorly known, or even completely ignored. Therefore, starting from a suggestion by Alf Lombard, we took up this research direction, discussing several issues revealed by the study of Eastern Romanity. These are the rustic character of the Romanian language bearing pastoral traits; the Carpathian-Balkan space in which the language was born and the issue of continuity in the North Danube area; and the dialectal configuration of the Romanian, having four relatively homogeneous historical dialects and language varieties. In this direction, we relied on linguistic, ethnographic, historical and archaeological research, in order to emphasize the importance of shepherding in the research of Eastern Romanity. Genealogically, Romanian is defined as the Latin language spoken continuously in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, from the Carpathians to the Balkans, with the changes that have taken place throughout history. The pastoral character of Eastern Romanity is rendered by the early medieval chronicles; even the exonym vlah (Wallachian) designating the Romanic population has acquired the meaning of ‘shepherd’. The specificity of this community is supported by numerous linguistic facts: semantic evolutions (e.g. animal ‘living creature, animal’ > nămaie ‘sheep’), specific derivations (a înţărca ‘wean’, derived from ţarc ‘corral, enclosed area for animals’, which initially meant ‘getting the lamb into a corral, so it stopped sucking’), expressions (a închega un gând ‘crystallise thoughts’, where the verb used is a închega ‘coagulate’) or even morphologic elements (the structure of the Romanian numeral from 11 to 19, linked to the scoring system). Throughout time, shepherding has been associated with the controversial issue of the territory in which the Romanian language and the Romanian people were born. Ethnological research has revealed the existence of four types of shepherding: local – agricultural – one, two types characterised by short transhumance, and the last one, associated with long-distance transhumance. Of the three types of transhumant shepherding, none identifies itself with the nomadic lifestyle and, therefore, the existence of a balkanische Hirtenromania (Balkan pastoral Romanity) does not imply the phenomenon of migration, as it was erroneously believed. Shepherding, through the forms described by ethnologists, explains both the sedentary character and the mobility of Oriental Romanity. Linguistic and archaeological arguments support G. Ivănescu’s view identifying the origins of the Romanian language in both the north and south of the Danube. The pastoral character of Romanity led to a population mobility that influenced the language at diatopic level. There is, on the one hand, a dialectal diversity due to population movements, and, on the other hand, a surprising linguistic unit, due to transhumant shepherds whose travels played a linguistic levelling role. This fact explains the linguistic unity of the Romanian language, despite its territorial spread and development in several historical provinces separated by natural boundaries. While shepherding explains some important issues in the history of Eastern Romanity, there is still need for systematic study on this topic. A comparative study of shepherding at the level of the entire Romanity is required in order to draw a complete picture of the lifestyle that characterized Romanity especially in the mountainous areas of Europe, bearing influence on the historical languages that we can only guess nowadays.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

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